Vegetation composition differentiation and species-environment relationships in the northern part of Isfahan Province,Iran

A considerable proportion of Iran's territory is covered with arid and semi-arid rangelands and mismanagement and overexploitation of those rangelands have resulted in serious ecological degradation. Thus, the need is pressing to examine the present species composition and the relationships with environmental factors for providing the needed scientific references to species conservation and ecological rehabilitation efforts. The aims of this study were to examine the species composition and to delineate the most important factors influencing the distributions of plant species and groups in the northern rangelands of Isfahan Province(Iran) using two-way indicator species analysis(TWINSPAN), detrended correspondence analysis(DCA), principal component analysis(PCA), and canonical correspondence analysis(CCA). Field investigations were conducted in the growing season of 2014 using stratified random method in 22 homogeneous sampling units. In total, 75 plant species belonging to 52 genera and 19 families were identified. The most important families were Asteraceae and Papilionaceae, the most important genera were Astragalus, Cousinia, and Acanthophyllum, and the most important species were Artemisia aucheri and Artemisia sieberi. Plant species were classified into 10 groups using TWINSPAN. DCA was used to estimate the magnitude of changes in species composition along the first two ordination axes to provide gradient length estimations for PCA and CCA ordinations. The first three PCA axes and the first three CCA axes demonstrated similar cumulative percentage of variance, indicating that the environmental factors(selected by PCA) used in CCA ordination were acceptable for explaining the species composition and the distributions. CCA ordination showed that the first axis was closely related to elevation, slope, surface bare soil cover, surface litter cover, gravel proportion, organic matter, total nitrogen, Ca CO3 content, and grazing intensity and that the second axis was closely related to sand proportion, silt proportion, clay proportion, and saturation percentage. Among these factors, elevation was the most effective factor to separate the plant groups and grazing was the major cause of rangeland degradation.     

青海湖湖盆南部植物群落二维极点排序

利用极点排序对青海湖湖盆南部的植物群落进行了分析。结果表明，在研究地区不同海拔影响植物群落分布的主要环境因子不同。根据影响植落分布的环境因子的变化情况，可将研究地区划分为３个地段，即较低地段，中间地段和较高地段。     

青藏高原冷龙岭南麓高寒小嵩草草甸植物种群物候学研究

通过对青藏高原祁连山东段冷龙岭南麓高寒小嵩草Kobrecia pygmaea草甸主要植物种群物候特性的观测研究,采用聚类分析和主分量排序法将小嵩草草甸26种植物种群划分为不同的物候类群.利用相关系数排序法指出了影响不同物候期的主要生态因子依次是温度、降水量和日照时间.研究结果对放牧管理具有指导意义.     

青藏高原祁连山东段高寒小嵩草草甸植物种群物候学研究(简报)

通过对青藏高原祁连山东段高寒小嵩草草甸主要植物种群物候特性的观测研究,采用聚类分析和主分量排序法将小嵩草草甸26种植物种群划分为不同的物候类群。利用相关系数排序法指出了影响不同物候期的主要生态因子依次是温度、降水量和日照时数。研究结果对物候资料积累、分析以及放牧管理具有指导意义。     

Soil‐vegetation relationships of three arid land plant species and their use in rehabilitating degraded sites

It is essential to consider soil characteristics when establishing vegetation in arid lands. In this study, the redundancy analysis (RDA) ordination method was used in this study to evaluate the habitats of Halocnemum strobilaceum, Limonium iranicum and Tamarix passerinoides growing in the Sejzy region, east of Isfahan. The study area was stratified into six ecologic‐floristic complexes. Stratified random sampling was then employed to collect soil and vegetation data from 1‐ha quadrats on nine sites. The soil samples were analysed to determine the characteristics of the soil in which the three species grew and to examine the soil profiles up to a depth of 2 m. Soil analyses revealed that high amounts of gypsum, silt, clay, saline, alkali and sulphate in the soil constituted a favourable habitat for Halocnemum strobilaceum. However, the per cent of silt and sulphate concentration in deep layers were negatively correlated with the growth of this species. Evaluation of the L. iranicum habitat revealed that the amounts of carbonate and CCE in the topsoil were positively correlated with the establishment and growth of the species but salinity and alkalinity were negatively correlated. The primary soil characteristics that positively influenced T. passerinoides included the presence of organic matter and bicarbonate ions in the soil layers and the total Ca and Mg content of the topsoil. However, Na was negatively correlated with Tamarix species. Determination of the soil characteristics that are associated with each of these xerophytic species can be used to determine which species is suitable for rehabilitating degraded sites in the study area. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

酸度对胡敏酸与镉和锌离子络合反应的影响

用离子交换平衡法研究了不同pH下胡敏酸与锌、镉单独及复合存在下形成络合物的稳定性及配位数.结果表明：在Zn^2＋,Cd^2＋单独存在时,络合反应的稳定常数及配位数随着pH值的增大而增大;相同pH条件下,Zn^2＋和胡敏酸络合物的稳定常数及配位数大于Cd^2＋.在Zn^2＋,Cd^2＋复合存在时,pH的变化与胡敏酸络合金属离子的稳定常数及配位数没有明显依存关系;与单独存在时相比,在pH 3.5和pH7.0时,Zn^2＋,Cd^2＋和胡敏酸络合物的稳定常数和配位数都减小;而在pH 5.0时,Cd^2＋和胡敏酸络合物的稳定常数和配位数都增大,Zn^2＋和胡敏酸络合物的稳定常数和配位数都减小.     

玉龙雪山南坡高山草甸植物群落类型及其分布格局

摘要：通过野外调查获取玉龙雪山南坡高山草甸分布区域的植被及环境数据,辅以研究区景观尺度的生境特征指标模拟,应用双向指示种分析法确定了研究区草甸植物群落类型,并结合典范对应分析法（CCA）解释草甸植被分布格局与直接环境因子之间的关系。结果表明,1）研究区草甸植物群落可分成4个群丛：大萼蓝钟花（Gyananthus macrocalyx）群丛、玉龙嵩草+狭叶委陵菜（Kobresia tunicata+Potentilla stenophylla）群丛、嵩草+川滇雀儿豆（Kobresia spp.+Chesneya polystichoides）群丛和云南羊茅（Festuca vierhapperi）群丛;2）CCA分析显示,与植被分布直接相关的光、温、水、肥4类因素中,决定研究区群落分布格局的主要因子是生境温度、土壤有机质和土壤全氮含量。