Vertical transmission of granulosis virus of sugarcane shoot borer,Chilo infuscatellus Snell.†

Abstract

The granulosis virus (GV) of sugarcane shoot borer, Chilo infuscatellus Snelt., was found to be transmitted vertically when the fourth instar larvae were microfed with the virus at a sublethal dose of 1.1 x 10³ inclusion bodies/larva. The virus infection was found to alter the sex ratio in pupae in favour of male (1 : 5.70—♀ : ♂) from the normal 1 : 1 ratio. The per cent pupation and adult emergence were also significantly reduced. No adults emerged from abnormal pupae that lacked pigmentation on the ventral surface of the first abdominal segment. The GV was also found to be transmitted from the infected adult to the offspring through eggs and 50% of the larvae that hatched were found to die due to virosis.     

日本落叶松半同胞家系生长变异研究

以建始县长岭岗林场17 a生日本落叶松种子园半同胞家系试验林为研究对象,研究不同家系间生长性状的遗传变异和相关性,选择出优良家系并对早期选择的结果进行验证,为日本落叶松遗传改良提供材料。结果表明： 各家系之间胸径、树高和材积的生长差异均达到极显著水平;6 a生与17 a生胸径、树高、材积之间的相关系数在0.541～0.947之间,呈极显著正相关;日本落叶松家系6a生早期选择结果与17 a生选择结果基本一致;以17 a生材积为选择指标,选出排名前10位的优良家系,胸径、树高和材积的遗传增益分别达到3.03%、1.77%和7.11%。     

奥利亚罗非鱼(♀)×鳜( ♂ )远缘杂交子代的遗传结构

采用RAPD和测序的方法,对奥利亚罗非鱼(Oreochromis aurea)(♀)与鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)(♂)的杂交子代组合与父母本的遗传关系进行研究,探讨远缘杂交双亲对子代遗传结构的影响。其中,杂交子代包括A、B、C 3个组合,A组合为奥利亚罗非鱼与鳜杂交的F1代;因A组合无雄性,将其与奥利亚罗非鱼(母本)的雄性回交,所得子代为B组合;C组合为B组合间兄妹交的自交子代。结果表明,奥利亚罗非鱼、鳜、A、B和C组合的多态位点比例分别为19.32%、15.30%、41.33%、29.80%和32.31%。奥利亚罗非鱼和鳜间的遗传相似性系数和遗传距离分别为0.288 5和1.243 2。A、B、C组合与父本的遗传相似性系数分别为0.343 4、0.293 7、0.328 7,遗传距离分别为1.068 9、1.225 1、1.112 5;与母本的遗传相似性系数分别为0.903 7、0.916 8、0.922 5,遗传距离分别为0.101 3、0.086 9、0.080 7。本研究中找到一个在杂交A、B及C组合均出现的与父本共有的条带。测序结果表明,该条带长362 bp,在子代与父本中的一致性为100%。研究结果说明,奥利亚罗非鱼和鳜杂交子代中导入了父本遗传物质,导致子代组合的多态性增加,与父本的遗传差异变小,而且,这些遗传物质能稳定进行遗传;随着A组合与母本的回交及B组合的自交,又使得杂交子代的遗传结构向母本靠近。[中国水产科学,2007,14(1):32-38]     

17份黄金菊茶树自然杂交单株的表型变异与资源价值评价

黄化茶树品种黄金菊自然杂交后代的表型性状差异大,为探究其表型变异与多样性,从中筛选优异单株.以17份黄金菊自然杂交后代单株为材料,分析其23项表型性状的变异与多样性,从中筛选表型优良单株,最终利用主成分分析进行生化品质评价.结果表明:17份黄金菊自然杂交后代的描述型性状变异系数范围为0～57.23％,均值为33.88％...     

Increased fat and polyunsaturated fatty acid content in sow gestation diet has no effect on gene expression in progeny during the first 7 days of life

The ‘developmental origins of health and disease’ hypothesis proposes not only that we are what we eat, but also that we could be what our parents ate. Here, we aimed to improve health and performance of young piglets via maternal diets based on the hypothesis that maternal nutritional interventions change metabolic programming in piglets, reflected by differential gene expression early in life. Therefore, sows were fed either a regular diet, based on barley, wheat and wheat by‐products, sugar beet pulp, palm oil and oilseed meal, or a high‐fat (HF) diet consisting of the regular diet supplemented with an additional amount of 3.5% soybean oil and 1% fish oil at the expense of palm oil and wheat. Performance results, physiological parameters and gene expression in liver of piglets and blood of piglets and sows at day 7 after farrowing from both diet groups were compared. The HF diet tended to enhance growth rate of the offspring in the first week of life. No significant differences in gene expression in liver tissue and blood could be detected between the two groups, neither with whole‐genome microarray analysis, nor with gene specific qPCR analysis. In this study, the feeding of a high‐fat diet with increased amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) to gestating sows under practical farm settings did not induce significant changes in gene expression in sows and offspring.     

母种鸡补充不同硒源对后代肉鸡硒沉积、抗氧化指标及生长性能的影响

选用39周龄岭南黄品种肉用母种鸡240只,按照饲养试验要求分成2组,每组3个重复,分别饲喂添加0.30 mg?kg-1硒水平的亚硒酸钠和DL-硒代蛋氨酸日粮;种蛋按重复分别孵化后,初生雏鸡各选60只,共计360只,饲喂不加硒的相同日粮56 d,研究母种鸡补充不同硒源对后代肉鸡硒沉积、抗氧化指标及生长性能的影响.结果表明:与亚硒酸钠组比,硒代蛋氨酸组显著提高了初生雏鸡、肉成鸡肝、肾和肌肉组织、雏鸡胸腺、肉成鸡血清及种蛋的硒含量(P0.01);提高了初生雏鸡肌肉GSH-Px、SOD和肾脏SOD活力(P0.05)、肌肉和肝脏T-AOC及肾脏GSH水平(P0.01),降低了肌肉和胰脏MDA含量(P0.05);增强了肉成鸡血清和肌肉GSH-Px活力(P0.01)、血清SOD活力、胰和肌肉T-AOC(P0.05);降低了后代肉鸡死亡率和料质量比(P0.05).上述结果提示,母种鸡补充DL-硒代蛋氨酸同比亚硒酸钠能提高种蛋及后代肉鸡组织硒含量,增强后代机体抗氧化功能,降低其死亡率,有利于生长并提高饲料转化率.