7.5%精恶唑禾草灵防除春小麦田野燕麦药效试验

7.5%精恶唑禾草灵浓乳剂对麦田野燕麦具有良好的防除效果,使用剂量以750~900ml/hm2为宜,对水225kg,于小麦4~5叶期,野燕麦3~4叶期均匀喷施。防除野燕麦效果达85%以上,对小麦安全,灭草后增产20%以上。研究结果表明,7.5%精恶唑禾草灵浓乳剂是防除野燕麦高效、低毒安全的农药,可以推广使用。     

硅烷化衍生化-气相色谱法测定不同品种莜麦的非淀粉多糖

本文采用硅烷化衍生化-气相色谱法,测定了白燕2号等内蒙古不同品种莜麦中可溶性和不可溶性非淀粉多糖的含量.样品经正己烷去脂肪,80％乙醇去游离糖,在pH =5的HAC缓冲液中用α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶酶解,可得到可溶性非淀粉多糖(SNSP)和不可溶性非淀粉多糖(ISNP).经酸水解后,对其非淀粉多糖的各组成单糖采用硅烷化进行衍生物制备,直接气相色谱法测定.本方法的线性相关系数在0.99584-0.99909之间,木糖含量在1.984-4.384 mg/g之间,甘露糖含量在1.866-3.221 mg/g之间,半乳糖含量在0.454-0.903mg/g之间,葡萄糖含量在5.31-10.528mg/g之间,总量在9.614-17.016mg/g之间.结果表明,该方法适用于莜麦中可溶性和不可溶性非淀粉多糖的测定,为莜麦的深入品质评价及进行产品有效成分提取和利用,提供了较科学的营养学依据.     

Optimization of the Fermentation Conditions of Sweet Oats by Response Surface Methodology

[目的]研究蒸料时间、接种前水分含量、接种量、发酵温度和发酵时间这5个因素对甜胚子甜度的影响,得到最佳发酵条件。[方法]用Plackett-Burman（PB）实验设计对影响甜胚子甜度的5个因素进行效应评价,筛选显著因素;选取最陡爬坡法选取逼近最佳响应面区域;Box-Behnken实验设计及响应面分析,确定最优发酵条件。[结果]PB设计筛选出3个对还原糖含量有显著影响的因素：接种前含水量、接种量、发酵温度,用最陡爬坡法确定中心水平后,中心组合实验法分析出其接种前含水量为45.26%,接种量为0.014%（g/g）,发酵温度为28℃,预测还原糖含量的最大值为13.16%。[结论]用优化后的条件制作甜胚子,还原糖的含量为12.91 mg/g,这一结果和预测值一致。     

15份燕麦材料苗期抗旱性综合评价

为了研究干旱胁迫对不同燕麦材料苗期生理特性的影响以及评价不同材料的抗旱性,采用营养液砂培法,于两叶一心期对15份燕麦材料施加15% PEG胁迫,分别于胁迫0、7和14 d测定供试材料的抗氧化酶活性、丙二醛含量、渗透调节物质含量、叶绿素含量、水分利用率和相对电导率。利用相关性和主成分分析筛选燕麦抗旱性鉴定指标,通过聚类分析和隶属函数法对15份材料进行抗旱性综合评价。结果表明：干旱胁迫下,供试燕麦的抗氧化酶活性随胁迫时间的延长呈现“先升后降”的趋势;丙二醛含量、渗透调节物质含量和相对电导率均随胁迫时间的延长而增加,水分利用率及叶绿素含量显著下降（P<0.05）。10个抗旱性指标之间具有较好的相关性,相关系数最高达0.97。主成分分析结果表明,干旱胁迫下燕麦的质膜系统因子、光合因子、渗透调节因子可作为抗旱性评价的综合指标,通过第一主成分可将15份燕麦材料清晰地划分为抗旱性不同的两个独立类群;聚类分析进一步将供试材料划分为抗旱性不同的4个亚组,其中6份材料（蒙燕1号、青引1号、定燕2号、DA92-2F4、青燕1号、巴燕5号）属于抗旱种质。抗旱隶属函数综合评价值（D）显示,抗旱性较强的燕麦材料有青燕1号（0.829）、青引1号（0.744）和DA92-2F4（0.728）,而陇燕3号（0.208）、坝燕6号（0.240）和张燕4号（0.241）抗旱性相对较弱。利用多方法关联分析的综合评价方法所得结果更加准确,可靠性较高。研究结果为燕麦抗旱性评价及抗旱种质筛选提供了参考。     

Effects of Seeding Rate on Growth Duration and Accumulation and Partitioning of Dry matter in Oats

Crop management influences considerably the three components of grain yield, growth duration, growth rate, and harvest index (HI). Effects of seeding rate on these yield components in oats ( Avena sativa L.) was assessed in field experiments at the Viikki Experimental Farm, University of Helsinki, Finland (60°13'N) in 1991 and 1992. Three Finnish oat genotypes were evaluated; a long-strawed landrace cultivar, a moderately long-strawed modern cultivar, and a semi-dwarf breeding line. The following traits were measured: grain yield, days from sowing to yellow ripeness, number of tillers on main shoot, phytomass, vegetative phytomass, and their growth rates (PGR and VGR, respectively), panicle weight and its filling rate (PFR), HI, leaf area index (LAI), and at intervals, dry-matter accumulation in leaves and straw.
Increases in seeding rate significantly decreased growth duration and PGR of individual plants but increased PGR on a ground area basis. Seeding rate did not, however, affect HI. When seeding rate was increased from 200 seeds m⁻² to 500 seeds m⁻², reductions in vegetative phytomass, panicle weight, VGR, and PFR for individual plants ranged between 20 and 40 %, depending on genotype. At ≥600 seeds m⁻² differences in these components between seeding rates were modest. However, PGR, VGR, and PFR per unit ground area increased with increasing seeding rates up to 600–700 seeds m⁻². Moreover, the higher the seeding rate, the higher the peak LAI (2.7 maximum) and the earlier the canopy closure. Hence, our results showed that a seeding rate of 600–700 seeds m⁻², which resulted in uniculm growth habit, is advantageous in terms of grain yield at high latitudes due to higher biomass accumulation and subsequently greater interception of PAR.     

播种期和播种密度对"圈窝子"燕麦产量的影响研究

根据“青南家庭牧场试验资料”，分析了青南地区“圈窝子”燕麦发育期、高度、产量与气象条件的关系，找出了获得高产的最佳播种密度和播种时期。在指导了广大牧民群众栽培高产燕麦、解决牲畜冬春补饲、防御自然灾害等方面具有重要的现实意义。     

The genetics of naked oats (Avena nuda L.)

Summary The inheritance of the character complex of naked grain and multiflorous spikelets was studied in a diallel set of crosses comprising five varieties of naked oats (Avena nuda)-As 78, Manu, Caesar, Nuprime and AJ86/2/1-and one variety of husked oats (A. sativa), Maris Oberon. In the F₁ generation the distribution of multiflorous spikelets was in all cases similar to that of the mid-parent. Crosses between the varieties of A. nuda produced only naked grain on plants in the F₁ and F₂ generations, indicating that nakedness in the varieties studied was determined by the same loci.The three-gene model proposed by Moule (1972) for the determination of A. nuda characters was inadequate to account for the observed F₂ segregation in naked x husked crosses. An extension of this model is proposed to include a third modifying gene, N₃, which in the homozygous dominant condition produces the husked phenotype when the principal gene, N, is heterozygous. The model assumes complex epistatic relationships between the three modifying genes N₁, N₂ and N₃. Published information and further experimental data suggest that the genotype NN--N₃N₃ is uncommon. The expression of the genes determining nakedness was greatly influenced by the environment.     

不同贮藏方法对燕麦种子活力及抗氧化酶活性的影响

采用常温、干燥、超干、冷藏、冷冻5种不同的贮藏方法,测定处理30、90d燕麦种子活力及抗氧化酶指标,结果表明:(1)低温贮藏促进燕麦根、苗的生长,最大分别达到9.11cm和13.946cm;(2)种子贮藏90d后,种子活力差异显著,发芽率、发芽指数均在超干贮藏条件下达到最大,为91.33%和81.211,显著高于其他贮藏方法,此时种子的电导率显著低于其他贮藏方法;(3)燕麦种子含水量达到4.53%时,种子活力最高,抗氧化酶活性也较高,种子内SOD、POD、CAT活性达到最大值,分别为0.794、199.56、19.97U/(g·min)FW。5种不同贮藏方法中,对短期贮藏燕麦种子的优势表现为:超干贮藏干燥贮藏常温贮藏冷藏贮藏冷冻贮藏。     

内蒙古地区不同耕作方式与播种深度燕麦耐盐碱性分析

包头市土右旗萨拉齐镇盐碱地燕麦常规翻耕与不翻耕3 cm,5 cm和7 cm播深各处理,单株干物质量和经济产量表现为:相同播深,翻耕处理>不翻耕处理;播深7 cm处理>5 cm和3 cm处理.翻耕7 cm燕麦的经济产量比对照(常规翻耕,3 cm播深)增加64.1%,与其他处理相比,也均达到极显著差异水平;不同生育时期叶片叶绿素含量、质膜透性和丙二醛含量分析表明,翻耕深播可较好地提高燕麦对盐碱的适应能力.     

高梁生育期间光合性能的研究

1988～1989年在田间条件下对燕麦叶片表观光合速率为主的光合性能进行了初步的研究。对不同叶位的叶片、不同生育时期、单叶伸展过程的光合性能,以及光合速率的日变化进行了测定比较。并对有关光合性能与光强、气温及相对湿度等生态因子的关系进行了测定和分析。