梨木虱若虫空间分布型初报

梨木虱是河套地区影响苹果梨品质和产量的主要害虫,由于个体小,世代重叠严重,造成观察研究困难.为了提高研究的准确性和合理利用人工,必须调查其分布型,合理确定抽样数量,从而有利于梨木虱种群习性的研究.     

蚧虫初孵若虫采集、保存和玻片标本制作

蚧虫初孵若虫用FAA固定液固定有利于玻片制作和长期保存。在虫体软化、脱水、染色和清洗过程中,使用自制转移虫袋,使得虫体转移更为简易,并可以进行批量处理。用丁香油替代二甲苯、Euparal替代中性树脂或加拿大树胶,使制作过程更具有安全性。     

Reduction of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Theileria annulata</Emphasis> Infection in Ticks Fed on Calves Immunized with Purified Larval Antigens of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum</Emphasis>

Larval antigen of Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, the vector of Theileria annulata, was purified by two-step affinity chromatography using anti-tick gut-specific rabbit IgG and IgG from immunized cattle. The purified antigen showed the presence of a single polypeptide of 37 kDa (GHLAgP) on SDS-PAGE. Two groups (I and II) of naive crossbred calves (Bos taurus × B. indicus) were immunized with 1 mg of GHLAgP in three divided doses. Immunized calves of group I were also infected with a sublethal dose of T. annulata along with a group of non-immunized calves (group III). Animals in groups I, II, III as well a control group (group IV) were challenged with live nymphs of H. a. anatolicum on the 10th day of immunization. There was a significant reduction in the number of emerging adults of 56.9% ± 1.67% in calves of group I (p < 0.01) and 63.09% ± 1.26% in calves of group II (p < 0.001) compared to the controls. The calves of groups I and II showed antibody responses to tick antigen up to day 70 post immunization. Infection with T. annulata was determined in the salivary glands of adult ticks that developed from the nymphs used for challenge infection. In ticks taken from group I calves, there was a 75.0% ± 0.00% infection compared with only 85.0% ± 2.88% infection in ticks taken from calves of group III. Using PCR, a lower infection (83.33% ± 3.33%) was detected in ticks that developed from calves of group I compared with calves from group III (90.00% ± 2.88%). The ground-up tick supernatants (GUTS) of the ticks taken from calves of group III yielded higher infection rate and exhibited higher infectivity titre in in vitro infection assay of bovine mononuclear cells than the GUTS of the ticks taken from calves of group I. The results suggest a partial reduction in growth rate of T. annulata in ticks feeding on calves immunized with GHLAgP.     

不同温度下绿僵菌对东亚飞蝗3龄蝗蝻的致病力影响

采用体表接菌法测定了商品生物农药金龟子绿僵菌油悬浮剂PD20080671在15、20、25、30、35和40℃等6个不同温度条件下对东亚飞蝗3龄蝗蝻的致病力的影响。结果表明：东亚飞蝗3龄蝗蝻的累积死亡率在接菌后19 d内均随天数的增加而升高。35℃的累积死亡率最高（82.50%）,显著高于其他处理;40℃的累积死亡率最低,为55.00%。死亡个体的湿度培养结果显示绿僵菌在高温条件下萌发的时间较短,40℃为4.26 d,15℃为19.36 d。结果表明环境温度低于15℃或高于35℃都不利于绿僵菌杀死蝗虫。因此,在田间施用金龟子绿僵菌防治东亚飞蝗时应尽量避免高温天气,建议在上午低温时进行防治。     

Transmission of Cowdria ruminantium by Amblyomma gemma from Infected African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) and Eland (Taurotragus oryx) to sheep

Two African buffalo (Syncerus caffer), an eland (Taurotragus oryx) and a waterbuck (Kobus defassa) were intravenously inoculated with Cowdria ruminantium (Kiswani). Amblyomma gemma nymphs were fed on the animals at 3 weekly intervals. Jugular blood was also collected at 3 weekly intervals and inoculated into sheep. Nymphal ticks that fed on one buffalo on days 16 and 37 and on the other buffalo on day 58 after infection transmitted the disease as adults to sheep. Nymphs that were applied to the eland 16 days after infection also transmitted the disease to sheep. No nymphs that had fed on the waterbuck transmitted the disease. This is the first report of transmission of heartwater by Amblyomma gemma from infected wild ruminant species to a susceptible domestic ruminant species.     

菊旌蚧生物学特性及防治的研究

菊旌蚧Orthezia urticae(Lihnaeus)是鄂尔多斯草原牧草的重要害虫。常速成几千亩乃至数万亩沙蒿的成片死亡。菊旌蚧年发生二代,以雌成虫在土壤5—10厘米根际处越冬。当气温达19℃以上时卵开始孵化,22℃以上时二令若虫开始发育。5—7月为第一代若虫活动期。7月中旬第一代成虫出现。8月下旬——10月中旬为第二代若虫活动期,10月中旬笫二代成虫出现、並入土越冬。防治以化学防治为主,用40％复果EC每亩150毫升和25％奎硫磷每亩150毫升;杀虫效果为好。     

甘草胭珠蚧卵有效积温及若虫化学防治研究

甘草胭珠蚧Porphyrophora sophorae(Arch.)是人工甘草毁灭性害虫。通过有效积温法研究了甘草胭珠蚧卵的发育起点温度和有效积温,并通过室内毒力测定和田间药效试验研究了甘草胭珠蚧若虫的化学防治技术。结果表明,甘草胭珠蚧卵的发育起点温度为(9.27±2.00)℃,有效积温(574.98±21.40)日·度。2%阿维菌素乳油对甘草胭珠蚧若虫的毒性最高,LC50为2.322 1mg/L。卵孵化初期,用5%阿维菌素缓释颗粒剂60kg/hm2撒施,耙地混土并打散若虫聚集再灌溉,对甘草胭珠蚧若虫的防治效果可达到90%以上。研究结果为甘草胭珠蚧防治提供了新方法。     

草履蚧若虫对不同定植年份灰毡毛忍冬的危害情况调查及防治药剂筛选

根据草履蚧(Drosicha corpulenta)若虫对不同定植年份灰毡毛忍冬(Lonicera macranthoides Hand)植株的危害情况及药剂筛选结果,制定出防治措施。对于定植1年出现草履蚧虫害的灰毡毛忍冬植株,采用2.5%高效氯氟溴菊酯微乳剂1 500倍稀释液、20%甲氰菊酯乳油∶45%乐斯本乳油∶水=1∶0.45∶2 000(体积比)喷雾进行药剂防治。对定植4年的灰毡毛忍冬植株,使用废弃机油∶45%乐斯本乳油=900∶1,采用干基涂环的方法进行防治。     

不同药剂对吐伦球坚蚧越冬代若虫的防效研究

[目的]在杏树树体流动花芽膨大前,吐伦球坚蚧越冬代若虫体背开始产生蜡丝时,筛选出合适的药剂进行田间防治.[方法]用20种药剂对介壳虫若虫进行室内药剂筛选,并选择室内防效好的药剂进行田间防治试验.[结果]室内筛选出16种药剂,在药后第6 d其防效都大于90;,选择了其中11种药剂进行田间防治试验,药后12 d顺式氯氰菊酯1 500倍+甲维盐2 500倍混剂、蚧必治1 000倍液、金速扑杀+3;0#柴油及高效氯氰菊酯微乳剂+3;0#柴油防效均可达97;以上;毒死蜱+3;0#柴油、蚧虫毒1 000倍液、8Be石硫合剂、滴一滴8 000倍液、阿克泰4 000倍液的防效也可达94;以上.[结论]11种药剂对吐伦球坚蚧越冬代若虫均具有较好的防治效果.