不同燕麦品种在尼泊尔北部山区的生长特性及其营养品质的研究

畜牧业是尼泊尔北部山区的重要生计支柱,提升牧草产量是我国对尼泊尔开展农业技术援助的关键领域。为筛选出适宜尼泊尔北部山区栽培的燕麦品种,于2019年5-10月在尼泊尔热索瓦县郎唐山区对12个燕麦品种（爱沃、太阳神、贝勒1、美达、科纳、林纳、青引1号、青海444、青海甜燕麦、陇燕2号、陇燕3号、Kamadhenu）的物候期、株高、产草量、穗含量、叶茎比和关键营养成分等进行了品比试验。结果表明：美达、科纳、青引1号、青海444、青海甜燕麦和Kamadhenu 6个品种能完成生育期,生育天数在115~141 d,其余多数品种只能达到乳熟期。各燕麦品种的株高为134.8~177.7 cm,其中引进品种太阳神、青海444、青海甜燕麦、美达和林纳的株高较对照品种Kamadhenu高6.3%~20.4%,存在极显著差异（P<0.01）。青海甜燕麦、青海444和美达的干草产量分别达到了14723.0、13491.0和13369.6 kg·hm^-2,分别比对照品种Kamadhenu增产36.0%、24.7%和23.6%,差异极显著（P<0.01）。贝勒1、科纳和太阳神的叶茎比分别为0.40、0.38和0.36,是对照品种Kamadhenu的1.50~1.67倍。各燕麦品种的干物质、粗蛋白、总灰分、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量变化范围分别为93.5%~95.6%、5.7%~9.9%、4.4%~6.9%、68.2%~78.4%和39.3%~48.7%,其中太阳神的粗蛋白含量是对照品种Kamadhenu的1.57倍,存在极显著差异（P<0.01）。对各燕麦品种的10个农艺性状进行主成分分析及综合评价,结果表明,引进品种青海甜燕麦、美达、青海444和太阳神综合适应性较好,适宜在该地区推广种植。     

Research Advanced on Functions of Nutritional Regulation and Intestinal Barrier of Arginine

Arginine is one of the most important amino acids for animals,and participates in the synthesis and metabolism of many nutrients,plays a role in the development and function of the gastrointestinal tract.Intestinal barrier function is one of the most functions for intestine.The article will summarize the effect of arginine on intestinal barrier.It was explicated the influence on inteseinal immunity of Toll-like receptor.This research provided some references for further study of arginine regulation on animal production.     

Physiological response of one of South Africa’s premier freshwater sport angling species,the Orange-Vaal smallmouth yellowfish Labeobarbus aeneus,to catch-and-release angling

The practice of catch-and-release fishing has been widely promoted by angling fraternities as a fisheries manage- ment tool. The aim of this investigation was to determine the physiological response of Orange-Vaal smallmouth yellowfish, Labeobarbus aeneus, to catch-and-release angling in the Vaal River, South Africa. Fish were collected using standard fly-fishing techniques, anaesthetised in clove oil and blood was drawn from the caudal vein; thereafter the fish were weighed, measured, revived and released. Blood plasma was analysed for concentra- tions of glucose, cortisol and lactate to determine the effects of angling duration, fish size and water tempera- ture. Larger fish were angled for a longer duration compared with smaller fish. Levels of glucose were affected by water temperature (influenced by time of year). Plasma glucose concentrations decreased with greater angling duration. Few individuals (n = 12) showed increased plasma cortisol concentrations. In extended-capture fish (angled for >1 min), lactate concentrations increased significantly above values for rapid-capture fish (angled for >30 s). These data suggest that catch-and-release causes physiological stress to fish, but nonetheless this practice can be a valuable fisheries management tool to ensure the sustainability of fish populations. Other factors beyond the ‘angling’ time are likely to contribute to physiological disruptions in homeostasis and therefore handling and air exposure of angled fish should be included in future catch-and–release angling studies. In addition, the longer-term impact of angling on fish health should also be determined.     

Comparison of tracheal aspirates before and after high-speed treadmill exercise in racehorses

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether percentages of neutrophils in tracheal aspirate (TA) samples collected from racehorses are increased after exercise and whether interpretation of results from TA samples taken before and after exercise agree. DESIGN: Case series of 40 young Thoroughbred and Standardbred racehorses in race training presented for evaluation of poor performance. PROCEDURE: TA samples were collected endoscopically from racehorses presented for poor performance 24 h before and 1 to 2 h after high speed treadmill exercise testing. Aliquots of the retrieved fluid were cytocentrifuged and smears were stained with Diff-Quik. Mean neutrophil counts were expressed as percentages of the total number of inflammatory cells counted and subsequently were categorised as either above or below an accepted cut-off of 20%. Comparisons between percentages of neutrophils before and after exercise were made. RESULTS: Percentage of neutrophils from TA samples obtained from racehorses after exercise was significantly higher than neutrophil percentages from TA samples collected from the same horse before exercise. In horses with TA specimens that were categorised as having < or = 20% neutrophils before treadmill exercise, the percentage of neutrophils in their TA specimens after exercise was, on average, significantly higher and was greater than the cut-off value of 20%. CONCLUSION: Recent strenuous exercise may change the proportion of neutrophils in lower airways of racehorses and practitioners should be aware of this when collecting and interpreting the results from TA samples. The most practical time for collection of a TA sample to obtain the most diagnostically useful information might be after a suitable washout period of at least 1 to 2 h post-exercise.     

地下滴灌对棉花生理性状及产量影响的研究

根据新疆生产建设兵团农五师90团在棉花上应用地下滴灌的实践，以膜下滴灌棉花为对照，研究分析了地下滴灌对新疆棉花生理性状及产量的影响，认为地下滴灌条件下的棉花生育期有所提前、株高较低、铃数较多、叶面积系数较大、根冠比较大、根系发达并有两个根系层，生物学产量和经济产量均比较高。     

不同植物生长促进剂对香蕉假植大苗培育的调控作用

采用盆栽试验,在香蕉假植大苗培育过程中分别喷施浓度均为20 mg/L的赤霉素、复硝酚钠、胺鲜酯、α-萘乙酸钠等植物生长促进剂,以喷施清水为对照,通过不同处理假植大苗生长、物质累积及生理指标的分析,明确不同植物生长促进剂在香蕉假植大苗调控的作用。结果表明,本试验采用的4种植物生长促进剂对香蕉假植大苗培育的调控作用不同。与对照相比,叶面分别喷施20mg/L赤霉素、复硝酚钠均能有利于香蕉假植大苗假茎高及叶面积增加,提高叶绿素含量及叶绿素a、b含量,且以上两种植物生长促进剂平均提高叶绿素含量26.46%;喷施20mg/Lα-萘乙酸钠能提高假植苗假茎粗,提高干物质累积量16.11%积及吸氮量9.95%,促进氮磷钾养分吸收。叶面喷施赤霉素、复硝酚钠、α-萘乙酸钠和胺鲜酯均能显著提高香蕉假植大苗抗性,平均降低丙二醛含量14.64%、提高脯氨酸含量64.36%和SOD含量16.74%,且赤霉素还能显著提高POD含量82.13%。     

草甘膦、草铵膦喷施对槟榔根系形态及生理的影响

除草剂防除杂草的同时会给非靶标作物带来药害,频繁使用除草剂的海南槟榔园叶片黄化症状更加明显,我们推测除草剂可能导致槟榔根系退化,从而引起叶片黄化。本试验以幼龄期槟榔与成龄期槟榔为研究对象,测定草甘膦和草铵膦使用后槟榔根系生长发育形态与相关生理指标。结果表明：（1）在幼龄期槟榔根系中,主要以直径为0～1.5mm的根为主要根系结构,数量上占到总根的88%以上,表面积占到了总根的68%以上。草甘膦和草铵膦喷施显著降低了槟榔幼苗根系鲜重、干物质积累量,白色吸收根的比例、吸收根活力。（2）在成龄期槟榔气生根中,喷施草甘膦和草铵膦均引起气生根药剂残留,且农残随施用浓度增加而变高;喷施草甘膦和草铵膦,阻碍了槟榔气生根发育。草甘膦处理第14天后气生根死亡数达到最大,而草铵膦处理第28天后达到最大。（3）草铵膦损害了气生根组织结构,使新根内皮层排列稀疏,表皮组织厚度增加,木栓化程度加深,导致根表皮细胞大量死亡,抑制了气生根伸长与增粗。上述研究结果表明草甘膦和草铵膦通过木栓化加速根系死亡调控槟榔根系生长与发育。     

茶皂素处理对黄皮果实贮藏品质及生理活性的影响

以“大鸡心”黄皮为材料,研究了不同浓度茶皂素处理对黄皮相关贮藏品质及生理活性变化的影响。结果表明,低浓度的茶皂素处理能显著抑制黄皮果实贮藏后期褐变现象,保持较高黄皮果实可溶性固形物含量及相对适宜的酸度,有效抑制了黄皮果实多酚氧化酶（PPO）、过氧化物酶（POD）活性的上升,并提升超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性,其中贮藏至12 d时,低浓度处理果实PPO活性为0.39±0.03 U.g-1.min-1,低于对照组和高浓度处理组;贮藏至6 d时, SOD活性为5.07±0.08 U.g-1.min-1,显著高于对照组和高浓度处理组。而高浓度的茶皂素处理可抑制果实保护酶过氧化氢酶（CAT）的下降与脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）的积累。适宜浓度的茶皂素处理有利于减缓黄皮褐变并维持果实贮藏品质,提高其商品价值。而不同浓度茶皂素处理对黄皮果实在生理指标上具有不同的效果,具体应用浓度仍有待进一步研究。     

广西富川纽荷尔脐橙园土壤和植株叶片营养状况研究与评价

对广西富川县60个纽荷尔脐橙园土壤和叶片样品进行营养成分检测分析。结果表明,所调查纽荷尔脐橙园土壤偏酸,土壤有机质、有效钾、有效锌、交换性钙含量较高;碱解氮、有效磷、有效铁和有效铜含量中等;交换性镁、有效锰和有效硼含量较低。脐橙叶片中磷、钾和铁含量大部分处于高量水平,少量处于适量范围,但是铜和锌的含量多数处于低量水平。纽荷尔脐橙园土壤pH值与交换性镁呈极显著正相关性,与有效钾呈极显著负相关,土壤有机质与有效锌呈极显著正相关。土壤交换性钙与叶片钙含量呈显著正相关、交换性镁与叶片镁的含量呈显著正相关,土壤交换性钙、镁与叶片锰含量呈极显著负相关,土壤酸度和土壤中营养元素的有效含量对树体营养元素的吸收和营养水平有较大影响,各个果园的氮、磷、钾肥施用极其不均,大部分果园钾肥施用过量。本研究对指导富川县纽荷尔脐橙园配方施肥和营养调节具有重大意义。