培养液中不同来源肽摄取规律的研究

利用体外批次培养研究了大豆肽、玉米肽和瘤胃肽的摄取规律.结果表明,随着培养时间的延长,3种肽的摄取量与摄取率均显著增加(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),而摄取速率却显著降低(P＜0.01);当培养液中肽含量增加时,3种来源肽的摄取量显著增加(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),摄取速率显著提高(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),而摄取率却显著下降(P＜0.05).对于3种不同肽源来说,培养初期3种肽的摄取量和摄取率没有明显差异(P＞0.05),而摄取速率却存在差异,其中瘤液肽的摄取速率显著高于大豆肽和玉米肽.培养中后期肽含量较高时,瘤胃液肽的摄取量和摄取率显著高于大豆肽(P＜0.05)和玉米肽(P＜0.01);肽含量较低时,瘤胃液肽的摄取量和摄取率显著高于玉米肽(P＜0.05),但与大豆肽差异不显著(P＞0.05).结果表明,肽的来源和结构不同,其摄取规律也有异.     

响应面法优化藻菌共生体系深度处理畜禽养殖废水工艺研究

为优化微藻-细菌共生体系对畜禽养殖废水中碳氮磷去除的参数条件,利用响应面分析法(Response surface methodology,RSM)中的Box-Behnken中心组合设计(BBC),以接种比例、曝气量以及初始氨氮浓度为试验变量,以污染物去除率为响应值开展试验。响应面分析结果表明,对于COD去除的最佳条件为:活性污泥与微藻接种比例为6.0(m/m)、曝气量2.0 L·min~(-1)、初始氨氮浓度750 mg·L~(-1),此时COD去除率达92%以上。对于总氮(Total nitrogen,TN)的去除,当接种比例5.0(m/m)、曝气量1.5 L·min~(-1)、初始氨氮浓度750 mg·L~(-1)时,其去除率可达最大值(53%)。而对于磷酸盐的去除,当接种比例6.0(m/m)、曝气量1.5 L·min~(-1)、初始氨氮浓度600 mg·L~(-1)时,试验前96 h内便可达到100%的去除率。进一步对生物量检测发现,初始条件分别为曝气量1.5 L·min~(-1)、初始氨氮浓度900 mg·L~(-1)、接种比例4.0(m/m)或曝气量1.0 L·min~(-1)、初始氨氮浓度750 mg·L~(-1)、接种比例4.0(m/m)时,微藻生物量产量最高,可达到1.63～1.64 g·L~(-1)。研究表明,通过响应面法可以优化藻菌共生体系对畜禽养殖废水的处理工艺。对于不同的目标污染物,具有不同的最优参数组合。综合考虑各因素对各目标污染物去除效果的影响,可以选择废水处理工艺最优参数组合。通过回收在废水处理过程中生长的藻菌共生体用于后续生物质利用,可实现良好的经济价值,提高该工艺在污水深度处理中的应用前景。     

马尾松容器育苗质量控制技术研究

采取不同激素浸种、不同基质配方和容器、营养液配方、不同修根处理和接种印度块菌对马尾松Pinus massoniana容器育苗的试验,结果表明,用GA50mg·L-1+CaCl220mg·L-1溶液浸种能提高发芽率20.1%;用1/2森林腐殖土+1/2的黄心土作基质最有利于马尾松苗木生长;马尾松容器育苗适宜的容器为250mL的硬质塑料管(杯)和6cm×12cm塑料袋.营养液配方以NPK=321的配比为佳;化学修根防止根系畸形效果最好,碳酸铜浓度以150g·L-1较为合适.接种菌根菌是马尾松容器育苗中提高苗木质量的关键技术措施之一.     

芒果果实钙吸收动态和果实发育的关系

研究了芒果果实钙吸收的变化动态。结果表明果实钙素积累呈单Ｓ型。最大吸收期出现在果实快速生长期，此吸收量约占果实总钙的９０％，钙吸收速率与果实鲜重增长速率呈正相关，表明果实生长本笛才是钙乾地果实的首要调控国在子。     

双城土壤养分空间变异与玉米分区施肥技术研究

采用全球卫星定位系统(GPS)和地理信息系统(GIS)技术,对黑龙江省双城市粮田耕层土壤进行了空间变异特征和分区施肥研究.结果表明,黑龙江省西南部玉米主产区黑钙土养分含量比较丰富,硼含量较高,氮含量较低.土壤中B、N、S、P的空间分布具有明显的变异性.土壤中B元素空间分布的偏斜程度较大.土壤养分偏斜程度与土壤养分变异系数之间存在密切的线性相关关系,相关系数R=0.9674.玉米分区平衡施肥取得了显著效果,较习惯施肥平均增产851 kg/hm2,平均增产率10.9%,平均增收610元/hm2.     

重庆市有机肥料结构及其在作物养分中的作用

对重庆市有机肥资料、品种及利用调查表明，１９９０年施用于农作物的有机肥２８９５．２万吨，其中、人畜粪尿占７９．２％。在用于农作物的４５．８４％吨总养分中，有机养分占６１．１％，提供的氮、磷、钾分别为４５．０％，６７．２％和９７．９％。人畜粪尿提供的氮、磷、钾养分占有机养份的７３％。有机肥是我市农作物钾、磷养分的主要来源，是氮的重要补充。     

不同作物根系分泌物对黄瓜的化感作用

就不同作物根系分泌物溶液对黄瓜种子和黄瓜幼苗的化感作用进行了研究。结果表明,油菜、玉米、小麦和小白菜对黄瓜种子发芽势和发芽率的抑制作用均较低;除玉米根系分泌物溶液外,其余作物根系分泌物溶液均抑制黄瓜种子胚根和胚芽生长,且胚芽的受抑制强度大于胚根;玉米、油菜、小白菜和黄瓜根系分泌物溶液对黄瓜幼苗苗高和茎粗有促进作用,且对黄瓜幼苗根长和根数的抑制作用较小。说明玉米是黄瓜种植最适宜的前茬作物,其次是油菜和小白菜,而豇豆、豆角和黑豆等豆科作物不宜作为黄瓜种植的前茬作物。     

Effects of phosphorus on nutrient uptake and rhizosphere acidification of soybean (G/ycine max L.)

Pot experiment was conducted to examine how application of KH_2PO_4(0-165 mg·kg~(-1)P)to affect nutrient ion uptake and rhizosphere acidification of soybean(Glycine max L.) grown in greenhouse for 90 days.When supplied of 82 and 165 mg·kg~(-1) P, soybeans showed excessive poison.Under all kinds of P levels,the K,Ca,Na and Mg concents in plant tissues were as below order: K was nodules>roots>pods>shoots;Ca was shoots>roots>nodules>pods;Na was roots>nodules>pods>shoots and Mg was shoots>nodules>roots>pods.K concent in plant tisssues had greater effect on rhizosphere acidification than other cations in this experiment irrespective of P supply,and was significantly negative to pH.Na concentration was significantly positive to pH.Excessive P supply induced rhizosphere acidification,pH decreased as P supply increased from 82 to 165 mg·kg~(-1).Ash alkalinity in shoots and roots was significantly positively correlated with rhizosphere pH irrespective of P supply.All these results suggested that P supply affected nutrient uptake,induced ash alkalinity to increase and rhizosphere pH to decrease in soybean.     

Nitrogen Uptake by Corn and N Recovery in Grain in Dry Farmland

There have been considerable concerns with the reduced beneficial yield response to fertilizer and the less efficient use of fertilizers with the fast growth in fertilizer consumption in China, as well as problems with low and unstable fertilizer use effectiveness in dry farmland. The paper discusses the effect of precipitation, corn stover incorporation and fertilizer management on N uptake by corn and fertilizer N use efficiency in dry farmland. The results showed that in the areas with 520 mm rainfall under the cropping system of one crop of spring corn per year, N uptake and N recovery by corn, and yields were higher at rates of 105 kg fertilizer N, 1 500 kg cattle manure and 6 000 kg corn stover incorporated per hectare. N uptake was significantly affected by precipitation during growing periods and soil moisture at sowing, fertilizer N apparent recovery varied from 58% in a rainy year to 7% in the year with a very dry soil, and the average of 7 years (1993-1999) was about 30%. The 15N tracer experiment showed that around 40% of N uptake was derived form fertilizer N and 60% from soil N. The results from 3-year 15N tracer study (1997-1999) indicated that the 1st years N recovery in grain with and without stover incorporated was about 24% and 17%, respectively, the accumulative 3-year total about 36% and 25%,the percentage of N recovery with stover incorporated increased about 11. The accumulative 3-year N loss with and without stover incorporated was about 26% and 45%, respectively, the percentage of N loss with stover decreased about 19. The studies supply information on land applications of fertilizer N and corn stover in dry farmland.     

水稻再生力与头季稻体内营养元素含量的相关性

以30个不同类型的水稻品种(组合)为材料,研究了其再生力与头季稻体内营养元素含量的相关性．结果表明：头季稻齐穗后18d体内营养元素含量与再生力的相关性较弱;头季稻收割时体内N和P含量与再生力呈显著正相关,K,Mg及Fe,Mn,Cu,B等元素含量与再生力呈显著或极显著负相关．因此,在头季稻收割前12d左右施1次促芽肥和头季稻收割后5d左右施1次保芽肥是必要的,P肥1次性作底肥施用,K肥可采用头季稻所需头季施,再生稻所需再生季施的方法;在头季稻生育后期应尽量避免施用Mg及Fe,Mn,Cu,B,Zn等微量元素肥料,以免影响水稻再生力．