3-溴丙酮酸对美国白蛾核型多角体病毒的增效作用

目的 利用3-溴丙酮酸（3-BrPA）作为美国白蛾核型多角体病毒（HycuNPV）的生物增效剂,探讨3-BrPA对HycuNPV的毒力和对美国白蛾生长发育的影响,为进一步推进HycuNPV杀虫剂的应用提供新的增效剂。 方法 通过室内在HycuNPV中添加不同剂量3-BrPA,分析其对HycuNPV的增效作用以及对美国白蛾生长发育的影响。 结果 室内生物活性结果表明,3-BrPA对HycuNPV具有增效作用,不仅可以提高HycuNPV的感染能力,还能提高杀虫速度。当3-BrPA的添加剂量为5.0、10.0和15.0 mg·g−1时,HycuNPV作用于美国白蛾3龄幼虫的LC50都有不同程度地降低;并且对HycuNPV的增效倍数（SR）分别为825.14、164.72和0.47,共毒系数（CTC）分别为82 613.63、16 579.25和147.27。不同浓度的HycuNPV在不同剂量的3-BrPA作用下,其杀虫效果各不相同。添加不同剂量的3-BrPA,LT50缩短了3.280～9.724 d。根据SR、CTC、LT50及ST等指标评判,在浓度为9.0 × 105 OBs·mL−1的HycuNPV中添加5.0 mg·g−1的3-BrPA时,增效作用最优。此外,3-BrPA和HycuNPV联合作用还显著抑制了幼虫的生长发育,且存活幼虫的化蛹率和羽化率均低于单独使用病毒杀虫剂。 结论 3-BrPA对HycuNPV具有增效作用,有望作为理想的病毒杀虫剂的增效剂。     

增量表达Bmlipase-1的转基因家蚕的主要经济性状调查

家蚕核型多角体病毒(BmNPV)是对养蚕业危害最严重的病原之一,采用传统育种方法培育家蚕抗性品种存在经济性状和抗性呈负相关的矛盾。为了确定转基因方法能否突破该瓶颈,对先前利用家蚕品种大造建立的增量表达内源性抗病毒基因Bmlipase-1的转基因家蚕系统LI-A的主要经济性状进行调查。结果显示,LI-A的4、5龄幼虫逐日体质量及产茧量性状成绩与正常大造之间没有明显的差异,表明转基因抗病毒家蚕系统LI-A在抗性提高的同时,经济性状没有受到影响。     

甜菜夜蛾核多角体病毒可湿性粉剂生产技术的研究

报道了甜菜夜蛾核多角体病毒可湿性粉剂的生产关键技术,包括甜菜夜蛾的饲养,多角体病毒的增殖,可湿性粉剂的生产,产品质量检测等。     

Optical brightener M2R destroys the peritrophic membrane of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae

Observations under an environmental scanning electron microscope showed that the peritrophic membrane (PM) of Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) was smooth without pores, but there were many pores and slits in the PM of larvae fed with 10 g L(-1) optical brightener Calcofluor white M2R. After incubation of S. exigua PM in vitro with 10 g L(-1) M2R, a significant amount of proteins was released from the PM structure. M2R disrupted the structure of larval PM, resulting in greatly increased permeability and increased larval susceptibility to Syngrapha falcifera multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus infection. Continuous feeding of larvae on a diet treated with a 10 g L(-1) M2R solution significantly retarded larval development and resulted in high mortality. The destructive effect of M2R on PM was transient and reversible, depending on the presence of M2R within the midgut.     

Combined effect of nucleopolyhedrovirus and Microplitis pallidipes for the control of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua

BACKGROUND: Nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeNPV) and Microplitis pallidipes are important biological control agents of Spodoptera exigua populations. The interactions between these agents and their combined effect on pest control were investigated in the laboratory and in commercial greenhouses. RESULTS: Microplitis pallidipes searched for and deposited eggs in more healthy larvae than virus‐infected larvae 3 days after viral infection. Each female parasitoid that developed in a virus‐infected host oviposited in a virus‐infected host, or emerged from a cocoon carrying virus transmitted to 4.0, 7.6 or 2.4 healthy larvae respectively. Each female parasitoid exposed to a mixture of virus and 10% honey water solution transmitted the virus to 2.2 healthy larvae. In an experiment with cabbage growing in commercial greenhouses, the pest population reduction was greater by M. pallidipes carrying SeNPV (82.3–89.7% reduction) than by parasitoids without virus (59.5–62.4% reduction). CONCLUSIONS: Control of S. exigua was greater with M. pallidipes plus SeNPV than with M. pallidipes alone. Microplitis pallidipes preferred healthy hosts to infected hosts. Parasitoids were able to complete their development in virus‐infected hosts before the hosts died from the virus infection. The parasitoid ovipositors contaminated with the virus could carry and transmit SeNPV. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

表达短ie-1 dsRNA的转化细胞对家蚕核型多角体病毒的抑制作用

为了利用RNAi技术提高家蚕对核型多角体病毒(BmNPV)的抗性,根据BmNPV复制必需基因ie-1设计其相应的dsRNA,构建带有ie-1 dsRNA表达盒的转基因载体piggyantiIE-Neo,结果显示:表达短ie-1 dsRNA的稳定转化Bm细胞,对BmNPV的增殖表现出抑制作用,但在病毒感染后期,由于病毒恢复增殖导致RNAi的效果被掩盖。通过反向PCR分析外源DNA片段插入基因组位点,结果显示:在转化细胞中,外源DNA可通过随机整合或按照piggyBac特定的转座位点TTAA插入细胞基因组。     

蓖麻蚕核型多角体病毒解旋酶基因的克隆和序列分析

为了解柞蚕核型多角体病毒(Antheraea pernyinucleopolyhedrovirus,ApNPV)和蓖麻蚕核型多角体病毒(Philosamia cynthia riciniNPV,PcrNPV)在感染性及基因水平上的差别,克隆了PcrNPV解旋酶基因helicase,对该基因进行了测序及同源性分析。感染性试验表明,ApNPV对柞蚕和蓖麻蚕的感染率分别为78%和57%;而PcrNPV对蓖麻蚕的感染率为79%,但几乎不感染柞蚕。对PcrNPVhelicase分析的结果表明,该基因长度为3 639 bp,编码1 212个氨基酸(登录号:EU143371)。基因的同源性分析表明,PcrNPVhelicase与ApNPVhelicase的同源性最高,达98.6%,与苜蓿银纹夜蛾NPV(Autographa califorlicaNPV,AcNPV)helicase和家蚕NPV(BombyxmoriNPV,BmNPV)helicase的同源性最低,分别为58%和58.8%。PcrNPV和ApNPV的helicase基因7个保守功能域上的氨基酸序列均相同,仅在靠近DNA结合区螺旋-转角-螺旋结构处的第974位上有1个氨基酸不同,推测该位点可能与宿主域范围有关。     

甜菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒青岛分离株SeMNPV-QD的毒力测定

为评价一株新的甜菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒（青岛分离株SeMNPV-QD）在害虫生物防治中的应用潜力,本文以甜菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒青岛株SeMNPV-QD与美国株SeMNPV-US1为材料,分别测定了病毒对甜菜夜蛾细胞系的感染、对甜菜夜蛾幼虫的室内生物活性以及田间防治效果。研究结果表明,SeMNPV-QD与SeMNPV-US1对甜菜夜蛾细胞系Se-3的感染率分别为92.34%和93.65%,平均每个细胞的病毒多角体产量分别为23.97和24.10 PIB,差异均不显著;SeMNPV-QD与SeMNPV-US1对初孵甜菜夜蛾幼虫的LC₅₀分别为4.43×10⁴和4.35×10⁴ PIB/mL,LT₅₀分别为4.12和4.02 d;SeMNPV-QD与SeMNPV-US1对4龄甜菜夜蛾幼虫的LC₅₀分别为9.25×10⁵和4.44×10⁵ PIB/mL,LT₅₀分别为6.20和5.50 d;SeMNPV-QD和SeMNPV-US1对大葱田甜菜夜蛾幼虫具有较好的防治作用,7 d的校正防效分别达到74.99%和79.04%。研究结果将为新病毒株的深入研究开发以及甜菜夜蛾的生物防治提供理论依据。     

甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒悬浮剂防治草地贪夜蛾的应用与推广

通过田间小区试验评价了广谱甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒对草地贪夜蛾的防治效果,20亿PIB/mL甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒悬浮剂用于防治草地贪夜蛾,每亩用量50～60 mL,药后7 d防治效果达到85%以上。2019年在江西省、四川省和贵州省推广应用44.9万亩。