斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒Ⅱ型(SpltMNPV Ⅱ)ORF117基因的结构和功能研究

为了研究斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒Ⅱ型(Splt MNPVⅡ)中ORF117基因(编码GP117蛋白)的结构和功能,根据其核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列进行了生物信息学分析,以此为基础对该基因的启动子活性和转录时相进行分析,表达纯化了GP117蛋白的部分序列以制备豚鼠来源多克隆抗体,并利用该抗体对ORF117基因的表达时相和GP117蛋白在细胞中的定位进行了分析。生物信息学分析表明该基因全长1 203 bp,编码400个氨基酸的蛋白质,预测分子量为45.5 k Da,等电点为5.06;启动子活性和转录时相分析结果表明ORF117是一个晚期表达的基因;原核表达抗原免疫制备的多克隆抗体效价可以达到1∶3 200,利用该抗体对其表达时相的分析进一步验证了ORF117为晚期表达基因,免疫荧光检测表明编码的蛋白多存在于细胞质中。     

柞蚕核型多角体病毒和家蚕核型多角体病毒的同义密码子使用模式分析

基因组中的基因和基因密码子组成不同使柞蚕核型多角体病毒(ApNPV)与家蚕核型多角体病毒(BmNPV)间不能交叉感染。通过计算有效密码子数(ENc)、相对同义密码子使用度(RSCU)、GC含量、GC3s含量、密码子适应指数(CAI),比较分析ApNPV和BmNPV同义密码子使用模式差异。ApNPV和BmNPV的密码子偏好性均较弱,但二者的ENc值和GC含量差异显著;除碱基组成外,还存在其它因素影响密码子使用模式,但各影响因素的贡献率均较低,在基于密码子使用频率的对应分析中BmNPV的第1、第2向量轴贡献率均低于ApNPV;ApNPV的基因表达水平与GC含量、GC3s含量以及ENc值极显著相关(r分别为0.418、0.735、-0.628,P=0.000),而BmNPV的基因表达水平只与GC3s含量呈弱相关(r=0.214,P=0.010)。分析结果显示,ApNPV和BmNPV的密码子偏好性虽均较弱,但同义密码使用模式及其影响因素存在差异。     

Covert LdMNPV detected in Lymantria dispar larvae during a survey of potential hosts for DekiNPV production

Dendrolimus kikuchii nucleopolyhedrovirus (DekiNPV) is a biological control agent used to control the populations of D. kikuchii, which is a pest of variety of conifers, including Pinus kesiya, Pinus fenzeliana, Cedrus deodara, and Keteleeria evelyniana. However, D. kikuchii cannot be artificially reared which restricts the production and utilization of DekiNPV. In this study, the infectivity and replication of DekiNPV was demonstrated in Spodoptera frugiperda cell lines (sf9), Clostera anachoreta cell line (CAF-clan II), and Lymantria dispar (L.) to identify suitable alternative hosts for the production of DekiNPV. We also investigated the ability of DekiNPV to trigger the conversion of covert infections to overt infections. Results showed the absence of DekiNPV in the two cell lines and in L. dispar. However, polymerase chain reaction results indicated that L. dispar larvae harbored covert infection that could not be triggered by DekiNPV.     

棉铃虫过氧化物还原酶基因Prx4的鉴定及功能分析

为探究过氧化物还原酶（peroxiredoxin,Prx）在棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera幼虫体内的功能,利用转录组数据鉴定得到了棉铃虫Prx4基因,并对其进行生物信息学分析,采用实时荧光定量PCR（real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction,qRT-PCR）测定该基因在棉铃虫不同发育阶段和5龄幼虫不同组织中的相对表达,利用原核表达和RNA干扰方法探究该基因的功能。结果表明,Prx4基因开放阅读框长为744 bp,编码248个氨基酸,系统进化树和同源序列多重比对结果显示该基因属于典型的2-Cys过氧化物酶家族;Prx4基因广泛分布于棉铃虫幼虫各组织和发育阶段中;当感染核型多角体病毒（nucleopolyhedrovirus,NPV）后,棉铃虫Prx4基因相对表达量上调;重组蛋白的体外试验表明Prx4蛋白具有一定的抗氧化活性;与对照相比,小干扰RNA处理6、8和10 d后感病棉铃虫的死亡率分别较对照显著提高了4.46%、22.42%和38.68%。表明Prx4基因作为一种抗氧化酶保护棉铃虫免受氧化损伤,同时在抵御NPV感染过程中发挥着重要的免疫作用。     

亚洲玉米螟核型多角体病毒分离株鉴定及其对草地贪夜蛾的室内毒力测定

本文对从湖北省恩施州亚洲玉米螟幼虫上新分离的一种广谱病毒进行了形态学和分子特征鉴定,并以该病毒与另一种广谱杆状病毒对草地贪夜蛾幼虫进行了生物活性测定。结果表明新分离的核型多角体病毒与薄荷灰夜蛾核型多角体病毒和芹菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒具有较高的同源性,但遗传距离分析不支持它与这两种病毒为同一个种。生物活性测定表明,分离的病毒对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的半数致死剂量是甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒的3.86倍。本研究的结果为开发防治草地贪夜蛾的高效病毒杀虫剂提供了依据。     

Comparative activity of Choristoneura fumiferana nucleopolyhedrovirus propagated in different hosts

The biological activity of the Ireland strain of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem) nucleopolyhedrovirus (CfMNPV) propagated in different hosts was determined to provide the basis upon which genetically modified CfMNPV, or other naturally occurring isolates, should be compared. Occlusion bodies (OB) derived from CF-203 cells were significantly larger and more pathogenic than those propagated in vivo when tested against the fifth larval instar of C fumiferana (Clem) and C occidentalis Freeman. The dose-responses (LD50 and LD95, expressed as occlusion bodies per larva) of C fumiferana larvae to in vitro-propagated OBs were 274 and 5785, respectively. The values of LD50 and LD95 to C occidentalis larvae were 19 and 118, respectively. There were no significant differences in pathogenicity or size when OBs propagated in C fumiferana larvae were tested against either insect species, nor were there significant differences for OBs propagated in C occidentalis larvae. The LD50 and LD95 of in vivo-produced OBs to C fumiferana were 925 and 61988, respectively. The LD50 and LD95 to C occidentalis were 50 and 453, respectively. OBs propagated in vitro had a mean volume of 13.13 microm3, whereas those propagated in vivo ranged from 0.84 to 1.41 microm3. The median survival time-responses (ST50) of fifth-instar C fumiferana or C occidentalis larvae to OBs propagated in vivo were not significantly different from those propagated in vitro at the dosage levels tested. Values of ST50 of C fumiferana larvae to in vitro- and in vivo-produced OBs at dosages causing less than 50% mortality rangedfrom 9.6 to 9.8 days post-inoculation (dpi), whereas a LD95 dose resulted in ST50 values ranging from 7.3 to 7.7 days. ST50 values of C occidentalis larvae at dosages causing less than 50% mortality ranged from 9.8 to 10.2 dpi, whereas a LD95 dose resulted in ST50 values ranging from 9.5 to 9.8 dpi. The median feeding cessation time-response (FT50) of fifth-instar C fumiferana larvae to OBs propagated in vitro (5.7 days) was not significantly different from the FT50 of those propagated in vivo in either insect species (5.3 and 5.7 days) at the dosage level tested (LD95). No significant differences in FT50 values were observed between OBs propagated in either larval host. The FT50 of C occidentalis larvae to OBs propagated in vitro (7.7 days) was not significantly different from that to those propagated in vivo in C occidentalis larvae (7.6days), but somewhat different (7.2 days) from that to those propagated in C fumiferana larvae. Results indicate that CfMNPV can be propagated in vivo in either C fumiferana or C occidentalis larvae (or sequentially through both) without alteration in infectivity, although the use of the CF-203 cell line yields the most biologically active OBs.     

云南蚕区家蚕品种资源对家蚕核型多角体病毒的抗性评价分析

[目的]全面掌握云南蚕区家蚕品种资源的抗家蚕核型多角体病毒(BmNPV)能力,为挖掘具有特色的家蚕抗病材料及培育适应当地的抗病品种提供参考.[方法]采用三龄起蚕经口添食相同浓度病毒、逐日调查存活率的方法,对200个家蚕品种(品系)进行BmNPV抗性评价和筛选;并通过接种后每日存活数、各发育时期存活率等指标分析云南蚕区家蚕品种资源对BmNPV的抗性水平、发病死亡规律、不同抗性品种的发病死亡时期及同一品种不同品系间抗性差异.[结果]云南蚕区家蚕品种资源中抗BmNPV的品种有731、795、854B、872A、966B、B黄肉色茧、P50、山河B、选二甲白和竹印,感病品种包括955、242A、242B、963B、DW3、锦秀A、锦秀B、日、野乙和云夏A油.各抗病品种和感病品种首次出现死亡差异的时间截点分别是接种后96和48 h,二者相差48 h;部分抗病品种在秋季对BmNPV的抗性水平低于春季;同一家蚕品种A系和B系的抗病性差异不显著(P>0.05).[结论]云南蚕区家蚕品种资源中大多数品种的抗BmNPV能力属于中等水平,其中P50为BmNPV抗性最强品种.对未知品种进行抗BmNPV测定时,可选择接种后168 h作为抗性评价的时间截点.     

斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒研究进展

斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒杀虫剂是一种新型的生物农药,从分子生物学、病毒流行学、对非靶标生物的毒性、工厂化生产及田间药效等方面阐述了斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒的研究进展.