重金属离子Cu Zn Cd的相互作用对Pb在鲫鱼组织中积累的影响

采用室内暴露试验方法研究了重金属离子相互作用对其在鲫鱼组织中积累的影响。结果表明,混合重金属离子相互作用对Pb在鲫鱼组织中的积累的影响与离子的种类、数量及组织的类型有关。Pb的积累主要与Zn、Cd以及它们的共同作用关系密切;随着重金属离子种类数目的增加,相互作用对积累的影响变得显著;重金属离子混合后使Pb在鱼鳃中的积累浓度降低,肝脏中的积累浓度升高;对Pb在肌肉中的积累无影响。在鳃中的积累主要受表面位点竞争作用主导,而在肝脏中的积累主要与MT的诱导作用有关。重金属离子相互作用不会改变Pb在鲫鱼组织中的分布规律,Pb在鲫鱼组织中的积累顺序为肝脏>鱼鳃>肌肉。     

Dynamic Development of Aphelenchoides besseyi on Rice Plant by Artificial Inoculation in the Greenhouse

A study was done on the relationship between Aphelenchoides besseyi and the symptoms of small grains and erect panicles. This is an important rice disease in Jiangsu Province, China. A. besseyi was extracted from small grains and erect panicles and cultured artificially, and then inoculated into bud and leaf sheaths of seedlings of two Oryza sativa cultivars, namely Zhendao 2 and Wuyunjing 7 in a greenhouse. The effect on rice growth, in particular the small grains and erect panicles, was revealed by the extent of the disease, seed expansion stages, nematode load, and nematode mortality. In contrast to healthy seedlings, the height, length, and the numbers of spikelets of unhealthy panicles of Zhendao 2 were decreased by 6.7, 16.4, and 13.5%, respectively. Before anthesis, nematodes were attracted to the leaf sheath and apical meristem, nematode load increased by 40%; after anthesis, nematodes occurred in spikelets principally and the number increased by 90.8%. The percentages of infected seeds and nematode load were highest in plump seeds and lowest in empty seeds. Nematode mortality on grain with normal endosperm was lower than seeds with abnormal endosperm. Results indicated that A. besseyi was the pathogen in rice with the symptoms of small grains and erect panicles. Wuyunjing 7 manifests only the small grains and erect panicles symptoms and not the symptoms of leaf white-tip. These symptoms of small grains and erect panicles are new symptom records for the disease caused by A. besseyi on rice.     

上虞市松材线虫病综合防治与思考

上虞市自2004年发生松材线虫病以来积极采取各种防治措施,包括枯死松树全面清理下山,疫木经热处理生产工艺进行除害处理和安全利用,实施松材线虫病除治林相改造工程,挂诱捕器、设饵木消杀松墨天牛等。几年下来除治效果显现,松材线虫病已得到有效控制。     

郑196耐大豆胞囊线虫病研究及耐病机理初探

郑196是从黄淮海大豆产区选育的优良大豆品种。该品种在SCN2病圃中鼓粒情况良好;2017年,郑196在黄淮海9个试点的产量与在SCN2病圃中产量相比较,差异不显著,说明该品种具有耐SCN病的特性;利用荧光定量PCR,进一步分析来自Rhg1/Rhg4位点的4个SCN-抗性基因(Glyma18g02580, Glyma18g02590, Glyma18g02610, SHMT)在郑196及其他不同抗性水平大豆中的表达,结果表明:在受到SCN2侵染的0～25 d,4个SCN-抗性基因在抗病材料中的表达量均持续提升;在受到SCN2侵染的10 d/15 d,这4个SCN-抗性基因在郑196及感病材料中表达量达到最高点,之后表达量下降,该结果表明,郑196的耐SCN病机理不同于SCN抗性基因在抗病材料中的抗病机理,其耐病性不是由SCN抗性基因单独调控的,有可能存在其特有的耐病通路或是由抗性基因与耐病基因共同调控其耐病机制。本研究可对抗SCN种质资源创新和抵御SCN策略提供参考依据。     

大豆对大豆胞囊线虫侵染的应答机制研究

大豆胞囊线虫病(Heterodera glycines,soybean cyst nematode,SCN)是大豆生产上的重要病害,其特点为危害重、分布广、难防治,每年对大豆生产造成极大的损失。种植大豆抗性新品种是防治SCN目前最为有效的措施,研究大豆对SCN侵染的应答机制,是培育大豆持久抗病品种的前提,对加快抗线虫品种选育及SCN的防控具有重要的意义。本文综述了大豆对SCN侵染的组织细胞学应答机制;介绍了大豆在SCN侵染后酶系变化及酚类代谢的生理生化应答机制;从分子水平阐明了SCN侵染后大豆的基因转录变化,差异蛋白及DNA甲基化的应答机制,以期为大豆胞囊线虫病害的进一步研究与防治提供参考。     

大豆种质资源对大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种的抗性评价

2006-2014年,应用病土盆栽方法,对来自于12个省(市)的779份大豆种质资源进行了大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种的抗病性鉴定。鉴定材料来源于吉林省539份、黑龙江省58份、辽宁省51份、山西省16份、内蒙古17份、河北省10份、北京市42份、安徽省5份、广西壮族自治区14份、河南省17份、山东省6份、江苏省4份。从中选出19份抗病种质,占鉴定总数的2.44%,分别是FY001-3、W93155、JH229、HJ01-1900、W94128-8、YX04-6561、W7491、W201102-25、Q30、Q31、HK6、HK7、BN9、CM2008-12、JY407、Q32、Q28、Q33、BN10,按抗病种质在各省份鉴定材料中所占的比例来看,山东省大豆种质抗病比例最高,占83.33%,其次是黑龙江省占15%。这些品种(系)的农艺性状优良,可直接作为抗性亲本应用于育种。     

水稻氮钾吸收的交互作用研究

氮和钾都是水稻生长的大量必须营养元素,在水稻的生长发育过程中起着不可替代的作用。水稻对氮、钾的吸收存在着一定的交互作用。本文在综述水稻氮、钾吸收的机理上,探讨了氮素对水稻钾素吸收的影响,以及钾素对水稻氮素吸收的影响。     

Selection of soybean elite cultivars based on phenotypic and genomic characters related to lodging tolerance

Soybean lodging can result in serious yield reduction. Detecting the quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with lodging tolerance for their further application in marker‐assisted selection (MAS) has the potential to enhance soybean breeding efficiency. In this study, a genome‐wide association analysis (GWAS) was performed to identify soybean accessions that could potentially be used to produce lodging‐tolerant varieties, based on the comprehensive evaluation of lodging scores (LS) obtained for the parental cultivar “Tokachi nagaha” and its 137 derived cultivars. Results showed that genotype, environment and genotype × environment interaction significantly influenced LS. Of the 31 significant SNPs identified, 22 were consistently detected in two or more environments and 27 SNPs were located in or close to agronomically important QTL mapped by linkage analysis. Best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) of LS tend to decrease with the elite alleles contained by accessions increasing. Some excellent accessions, with lower BLUPs and D_i (stability coefficients) values and more elite alleles, were selected. This study contributed to understand the genetic mechanism of lodging, providing genetic and phenotypic information for MAS.     

医学图像精细化分割方法研究

指出了深度学习方法在医学图像分割中取得较大的进展,但医学图像处理的复杂性使得全自动分割方法难以取得较好的分割效果。在卷积网络分割的基础上,结合应用场景使用适当的后处理手段来提升图像的分割效果是一种比较有临床意义的研究方法。主要研究了基于概率图的全连接条件随机场模型和基于用户交互的深度编辑网络,并分析总结了这两种方法的实现原理和各自优势,并对未来的研究工作进行了一些展望。