我国热带天然林植被C贮存量的估算

以海南岛尖峰岭热带林生态系统定位研究站多年的研究作为基本数据,用两种方法计算了海南岛和用一种方法计算了云南南部热带森林的Ｃ素库总量。结果表明,海南热带天然林的Ｃ素库总量为０．７１９－０．７３４亿ｔ,云南南部的热带天然林的Ｃ素库总量在０．６５３亿ｔ以上。     

洪水场次的界定

人们在进行洪水频率计算时,人为地割裂了洪水过程。一般地,都是以每年的最大洪峰流量对应的洪水作为该年的洪水过程,因此会出现洪水过程遗漏现象。洪水频率结果为防洪工程的建立提供依据,而洪水场次的界定是洪水频率计算的基础。文中研究采用两种方式界定洪水场次,利用Gumbel-Logistic模型分别计算界定的洪水场次的频率结果,并与传统方式下获取的洪水场次的频率结果进行比较。结果表明:3种情形下的洪水频率结果存在较大的差异。其中,以P-III型分布得出6年重现期的洪峰流量为洪水场次选取的门限值获得的洪水场次,即利用本研究中的界定方式二,得到的最大洪峰流量对应的频率值偏低,依此设计防洪工程,相比采用另外两种洪水场次选取方式进行防洪工程的设计偏于安全。     

毛竹林化学除草试验

在毛竹林地每化顷用１％草灌净２．２５l加１％草甘膦１５l或用１５％威尔柏５l加１％草灌净１．５l加水５００kg喷雾，除草率达９５．５４％、９６．２５％，节省除草成本６７．０７％、５６．９３％，对毛竹林出笋无影响，竹林生长良好。     

北京杨锉叶蜂研究*

北京杨锉叶蜂在华北地区杨树苗圃中普遍发生，严重危害黑杨派杨树。在北京地区１ａ发生８～９代，林间以个体群呈聚集分布，以老熟幼虫入土结茧越冬。孤雌生殖后代为雄虫，两性生殖为雌、雄虫。通常雄虫４龄、雌虫５龄。温度影响着北京杨锉叶蜂的羽化及孵化，是种群动态变化的决定因素。在温度适宜及食源充足的状况下，种群保持指数增长，世代差分方程中Ｒ０＝１．４。有效积温为４０００日度。利用病毒、苏云金杆菌及线虫防治，效果分别达９２．９％、１００％、８５．１％。     

基于角色访问控制在农业科研单位网站中的应用

根据农业科研单位网站院所两级管理人员的权限需求分析,将基于角色访问控制应用在网站后台管理用户权限分配系统中,并限制用户＂操作所有信息＂和＂仅操作自己的信息＂,满足了不同层次管理人员权限分配的要求。     

5%神农丹颗粒剂防治栗瘿蜂试验

用不同剂量的５％神农丹颗粒剂对江川、峨山不同年龄板栗园防治栗瘿蜂的试验表明：以根幅土内环状施药的方法,对成龄栗园株施１８０ｇ以上（可达２００～２５０ｇ／株）,幼龄栗园株施９０～１２０ｇ防治栗瘿蜂能获得显著效果。该药剂成本低、药效长、省工省事,是目前较理想的防治栗瘿蜂药剂。     

养鸡场循环经济的基本模式和主要问题及对策

近几年来,人们对养鸡场的污染治理—循环经济模式进行了不少的研究,但归纳起来,主要是肥料化、饲料化和沼气化3种模式。该文主要对这3种模式进行阐述,并就这3种模式存在的主要问题及其对策进行了探讨。     

可控整流缩短连续极永磁发电机电压恢复时间

连续极永磁型无刷直流发电机是具有梯形波电动势的混合励磁发电机。为了缩短电压恢复时间,该文提出可控整流方法,利用电机电枢绕组实现能量快速存储与释放,通过提高电枢绕组电动势加快电压恢复速度,并且不会增加硬件成本。采用状态空间平均法分析了超级电容储能的可控整流系统电压调节过程,完成了可控整流与二极管整流方式下电压恢复时间的理论计算和试验。试验结果表明:与二极管整流相比,可控整流能将电压恢复时间减少约一半。该研究对提高车载敏感电子设备工作的可靠性提供了参考。     

Isolation and characterisation of phages against Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae

Purpose: Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae causes bacterial canker of kiwifruit and is responsible for severe economic losses and emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. Bacteriophages are viruses that infect target bacterial hosts and may be the best strategy to prevent and control kiwifruit canker disease. The objective of this experiment was to monitor the prevalence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae and provide insight for the use of phages in biological control.

Materials and methods: In this study, 52 strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae were isolated from 68 stem samples of kiwi plant (cv. Hongyang & Jinkui). Following polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, 15 isolates belonging to biovar 3 were identified, one of which was named XWY0007 and used as the target strain to isolate the phages. Thirty-six phages were isolated and purified from a total of 51 surface water samples collected in Shanghai. All phages were identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and their host ranges were evaluated. Three phages, designated φXWY0013, φXWY0014 and φXWY0026 were selected and further characterised using one-step growth curve and stability at different temperatures and pH.

Results and conclusions: The isolated phages are promising for use as antimicrobials against bacterial canker in kiwi. This report is regarding Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae and its phages from major areas of kiwifruit cultivation.     

The impact of sowing density of small grains on rill and ephemeral gully erosion in concentrated flow zones

Despite the fact that soil erosion by water causes considerable on-site and off-site problems, farmers in Europe are reluctant to adopt prevention and control measures when such measures require additional labour and material inputs. This paper documents the impact of multiple sowing of small grains on concentrated flow erosion rates and grain production for a winter triticale field (X Triticosecale Wittmack ex. A. Camus) in the Belgian loess belt. Multiple sowing refers to drilling more than once in zones of concentrated flow erosion in order to increase the total root mass in this zone. Multiple sowing strongly altered the morphology of erosion channels and reduced soil loss significantly. Statistical analysis confirmed that differences in channel dimensions could be explained by the seedling density. Doubling the root mass in the topsoil by multiple sowing, resulted on average in a reduction of soil loss by 42% for the whole growing season. For the winter period, soil loss reduction, mainly attributed to the triticale roots, amounted even to 53%, showing the tremendous impact of seedling roots on soil erosion by concentrated overland flow in the early stages of vegetation growth. Furthermore, total grain yield in the multiple drilled zones was not significantly smaller compared to the conventionally drilled parts of the field. Grain size of cereals was slightly smaller. The results of this case study indicate that double sowing in concentrated overland flow zones may be a viable soil erosion control technique.