Genome-wide search for segregation distortion loci associated with the expression of complex traits in Populus tomentosa

Segregation distortion of molecular markers has been reported in a broad range of organisms. It has been detected in an interspecific BC1 Populus pedigree established by controlled crossing between clone “LM50” (Populus tomentosa) and its hybrid clone “TB01” (P. tomentosa×P. bolleana). The study with a total of 150 AFLP markers (approximately 18.9% of the total loci) exhibited significant deviation from the Mendelian ratio (1:1) (p<0.01). Twenty-five percent of the markers were mapped on the pa-rental specific genetic linkage maps of clones “LM50” and “TB01” with a pseudo-test-cross mapping strategy. Twelve linkage groups had markers with skewed segregation ratios, but the major regions were on linkage groups TLG2, TLG4 and TLG6 in the linkage map of clone “LM50”. We also analyzed the association between distorted loci and expression of complex traits with Map-maker/QTL software. A total of 16 putative QTLs affecting 12 traits were identified in the distorted regions on seven linkage groups. Therefore we could detect the distribution of skewed loci along the entire genome and identify the association between quantitative traits and segregation loci via genetic mapping in an interspecific BC1 P. tomentosa family. Furthermore, the genetic nature and pos-sible causes of these segregation distortions for differentiation between female and male parents were also discussed.     

杜仲高产胶无性系遗传参数估计与改良效果分析

以杜仲35个无性系为研究材料,以5 a的性状测定数据为基础,对杜仲无性系叶片性状、树皮性状、果实性状、产量进行了遗传参数估计和改良效果分析.结果表明:叶片性状、树皮性状、果实性状、产量性状的重复力均较高,为0.54～0.97.表型变异系数叶片性状和树皮性状的较低,而果实性状和产量性状的相对较高.分别根据叶片含胶率、树皮含胶率、果实含胶率和产量筛选出了4个高产胶无性系,其遗传改良效果分析结果表明,叶片含胶率、树皮含胶率、果实含胶率和产量的遗传增益分别为21.10%、54.95%、12.17%和55.22%.说明这些性状的遗传改良效果均较好,所筛选出来的无性系可以大大提高产胶量和果实产量,该研究为杜仲高产胶优良无性系的进一步栽培和推广提供了重要的理论依据.     

GFP标记短小芽孢杆菌LYMC-3在马尾松体内的定殖

为研究松材线虫拮抗细菌短小芽孢杆菌LYMC-3的内生性及其在马尾松体内的定殖规律,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察菌株在马尾松组培苗体内的定殖,并采用高渗透法将质粒pGFP78转入菌株LYMC-3,对其进行绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)标记,同时测定标记菌株的遗传稳定性.在此基础上,以GFP标记和抗性标记作为示踪手段,将标记菌株接种到2年生马尾松盆栽实生苗的根部,借助激光扫描共聚焦显微镜(LSCM)和稀释涂板的方法,对马尾松根部、茎部的标记菌株进行定期回收检测.结果显示,通过SEM成功观察到菌株LYMC-3在马尾松体内的定殖,并成功获得LYMC-3菌株荧光表达强烈且遗传稳定的转化子,经过连续8次的稀释培养,其遗传稳定性为96.8％.GFP标记菌株在接种马尾松根部后的第4天,根部、茎部都能回收到大量标记菌株的存在,随后呈持续下降的趋势,且根部的下降速度快于茎部.接种40 d后,根部回收标记菌株数量为0.3×102cfu/g,茎部回收标记菌株数量为0.8×102 cfu/g.以上结果表明短小芽孢杆菌LYMC-3具有内生性,能在马尾松体内良好地定殖和传导.     

通过农杆菌介导法将口蹄疫结构蛋白全长基因P1导入大豆的研究

本研究以大豆体细胞胚为受体。用农杆菌介导法将口蹄疫病毒结构蛋白全长基因P1导入大豆基因组中．获得了抗性植株。经GUS染色、PCR及PCR-southern杂交等分子检测。证明目的基因已导入并整合到大豆基因组中。为利用大豆作为生物反应器生产口蹄疫新型口服疫苗奠定了基础。     

基于毒性相关基因序列的稻瘟病菌群体遗传多样性分析

 选用16对毒性相关基因特异性引物对四川和重庆9个县(市)分离到的200个稻瘟病菌单孢菌株进行PCR扩增,并采用最长距离法进行聚类分析,结果显示各引物均能扩增出其目的条带,多态位点百分率(P)高达93.75%,扩增频率差异较大;200个菌株可归为70个不同的单元型,其中单元型SCH13为优势单元型;在0.86遗传相似水平上,200个菌株可划分为27个遗传宗谱,包括1个优势宗谱,3个亚优势宗谱,14个次要宗谱,9个小宗谱,层次丰富;在群体平均水平上,病菌群体具有丰富的遗传多样性(H=0.324 4,I=0.484 2),且群体间差异较大;9个种群在遗传距离为0.05水平上可分为4个类群,种群遗传谱系与地理区域分布呈一定相关性。同时,该地区的群体存在一定的遗传分化(HT=0.320 0),群体内多样性大于群体间多样性(Hs=0.179 6,Dst=0.140 4),总遗传变异的56.13%存在于群体内(Gst=0.438 7),群体间基因流动性较小(Nm=0.639 6)。本研究揭示了四川和重庆部分区域稻瘟病菌群体遗传结构、遗传多样性及其与地理分布之间的关系,为抗病育种和品种布局奠定了基础。     

QRS complexes detection using quadratic b-spline wavelet transform algorithm

Aiming at the low accuracy and low adaptability of wave detection, a QRS complexes detection algorithm is proposed based on quadratic b-spline wavelet, while combined with binary search algorithm and arc approximating curve algorithm. The signal is decomposed with quadratic b-spline wavelet through Mallat algorithm and the R wave is detected by adjusting the threshold with binary search and modulus maximumizing. The T wave and P wave are detected by using arc approximating curve algorithm based on the least square. This algorithm is certified with the ECG signals from MIT-BIH database and is demonstrated that the algorithm enhanced the adaptability of R wave detection and improved the accuracy of T wave and P wave detection. The simulation experiment shows that the improved algorithm can effectively improve the automatic detection capabilities of ECG signals.     

黑龙江省北部早熟玉米品种主要农艺性状的遗传变异和相关分析

为指导黑龙江省高寒地区玉米育种与生产,对18个早熟玉米品种的9个主要农艺性状进行变异系数分析。结果表明:秃尖长的变异系数最大,穗位高次之,容重的变异系数最小;主要农艺性状间相关分析表明:株高与穗位高、穗长与穗粗之间存在极显著的正相关关系,穗粗与产量之间存在显著的正相关关系。     

基于SSR和SRAP标记的苹果品种亲缘关系分析

【目的】用SSR和SRAP分子标记技术,分析苹果(Malus domestica Borkh.)重要栽培品种的亲缘关系,为苹果杂交育种亲本及组合的选配提供参考。【方法】用亲缘关系较近的金冠和秦冠筛选SSR和SRAP多态性引物,利用SSR和SRAP分子标记技术对37个苹果栽培品种进行遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析。【结果】筛选出了用于37个苹果主栽品种亲缘关系分析的10对SSR和10对SRAP引物,其分别产生56和64条扩增带,平均多态性比率分别为61.09%和70.8%。根据SSR+SRAP分析结果,37个苹果品种被聚为6大类。【结论】所选取的引物能够有效地揭示供试苹果品种的遗传多样性,并且苹果品种分类与传统系谱基本一致。     

杂交红麻产量性状的遗传效应与杂种优势

采用加性-显性遗传模型,分析36个杂交红麻产量性状遗传效应与杂种优势.结果表明:株高与皮厚主要受显性效应控制;现蕾天数、鲜茎重、鲜皮重、干皮重受加性效应与显性效应共同控制;始果高度、茎粗则既不受加性效应影响,也不受显性效应影响;产量性状的狭义遗传率均较低.株高、皮厚、茎粗、始果高度等产量性状的狭义遗传率较低,育种中宜在高世代中选择.除现蕾天数外,其他产量性状的平均优势(Hpm)与超亲优势(Hpb)预测值均有正值,其中鲜皮重、干皮重杂种优势明显.F1代的生育期与产量呈负相关.株高与始果高度、茎粗、鲜茎重、鲜皮重、干皮重等性状以及鲜茎重、鲜皮重、干皮重与其他性状间均呈显著或极显著相关.     

籼稻C84和粳稻春江16B重组自交系遗传图谱构建及籽粒性状QTL定位与验证

【目的】本研究旨在挖掘水稻粒型新基因、探索其分子机理,解析籽粒发育调控遗传网络奠定基础,并为通过分子标记聚合有利基因开展超级稻分子设计育种提供理论依据。【方法】以植株和籽粒形态差异较大的晚粳稻品种春江16B(CJ16B）和广亲和中籼稻背景恢复系C84为亲本构建含有188个家系的重组自交系为作图群体,利用158对在双亲中存在多态性差异的分子标记,构建了遗传连锁图谱,总遗传距离为1428.40cM,平均标记间距为9.04cM。在构建遗传图谱的基础上,完成RIL188个株系籽粒的粒长、粒宽、粒厚、长宽比和千粒重等5个性状考查并进行QTL定位。【结果】在海南陵水和浙江杭州两地共检测到籽粒相关主效QTL30个,包括籽粒QTL新座位18个,解释遗传变异3.51%~17.25%。其中粒长、粒宽、粒厚和长宽比QTL位点分别为9个、5个、5个和6个,千粒重QTL位点5个。经基因座位比对,发现有5个QTL区间与已克隆的调控籽粒形态相关基因座位相近,我们通过对双亲目标基因的测序并根据差异位点设计dCAPs分子标记进行验证。【结论】该RIL群体及其遗传图谱可用于水稻重要农艺性状主效QTL基因的定位和克隆,新定位的18个粒型QTL可以为水稻籽粒发育调控网络提供补充和资料积累。