Genetic characterization by fluorescent AFLP of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi strains isolated from different host species

The genetic diversity of 71 Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi strains isolated from different host species and from diverse geographical regions was determined by fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (f-AFLP) analysis. The study was carried out using three different selective primer combinations. Strains of P. syringae pv. syringae , P. syringae pv. phaseolicola , P. syringae pv. glycinea , P. syringae pv. tagetis and P. amygdali were also included as outgroups. Based on cluster analysis of f-AFLP data, all P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi strains showed a high degree of similarity, grouping in a cluster and forming a taxon clearly separate from outgroup strains. AFLP analyses failed to support placing strains of P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi , P. syringae pv. phaseolicola and P. syringae pv. glycinea in the same species. Strains of P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi formed subclusters that correlated with the host species. Strains identified within these subclusters were related to the geographical region where the strains were isolated. Strains of P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi from olive were divided into two subclusters. Strains from oleander were differentiated from those from ash and were divided into two additional subclusters, distinct from olive strains. Three strains isolated from jasmine showed a high level of similarity among them but, at a lower Dice similarity coefficient, were linked to a subcluster including olive strains. Finally, two strains isolated from privet were similar to strains from olive and were included in the same subcluster.     

果树裂果机理及防治措施研究进展

裂果是果实发育过程中经常发生的一种现象。本文综述了国内外果树裂果的研究进展,从果实的遗传因素、果实形态解剖特征、生理特性、矿质元素、环境条件、植物生长调节剂、栽培措施等方面分析了裂果发生的原因,并提出了相应的防治措施。     

现代农业园区运行机制探讨——以广东省为例

以广东省为例,阐述了现代农业园区的发展现状,分析了现代农业园区运行中存在的问题,提出了构建园区有效运行机制的对策和思路。     

水稻品种对水稻细菌性条斑病抗性鉴定和抗性机制的研究

在室内选用致病力强的水稻细菌性条斑病菌株S_2对550个水稻品种进行了三次苗期的抗性鉴定,供试品种对细菌性条斑病的抗性存在明显的差异。抗性机制初步研究结果,发现供试抗病品种健叶内过氧化物酶活性、酚类化合物和可溶性糖含量均高于感病品种,而感病品种的游离氨基酸含量却高于抗病品种:接种后3天和6天测定抗病品种的酚类化合物和可溶性糖含量下降,感病品种却有所上升;无论抗、感病品种其过氧化物酶活性均上升;感病品种的游离氨基酸下降,而抗病品种到后期才稍有下降。高抗品种杜勒的气孔孔隙比其它所有供试品种都小,但各品种的叶片气孔密度与抗性无明显关系。     

浮动平底推杆等宽凸轮机构第Ⅱ类机构综合问题

以浮动平底推杆等宽凸轮机构为研究对象,通过引入往程、返程、向径标定线和等宽映射区间套等概念,阐述了往程/返程运动角、远近休止角的内在规律性关系,运动学尺寸、行程幅值和初位参数间的内在特征关系,输出摇杆返程角位移规律的求解,主副平底容许选择区段和凸轮基圆半径取值域确定,凸轮基圆半径、压力角和宽度的变化规律等,揭示了等宽凸轮机构的设计蕴含着诸多的异质性内涵。还对等宽凸轮机构、共轭凸轮机构进行了比较,得到了两种形锁合机构相同点、差异点。最后给出等宽凸轮机构的一个综合算例。     

Molecular tracing confirms that infection with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus follows the smolt from hatchery to grow‐out farm

Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is an important restraint to production of salmonids in aquaculture globally. In order to implement efficacious mitigation strategies for control of this disease, it is important to understand infection routes under current production systems. IPN virus has been shown to be transmitted vertically in Rainbow trout, from broodstock to fingerlings in hatcheries, and there is circumstantial evidence suggesting that vertical transmission can also occur in Atlantic salmon, in addition to horizontal transmission between grow‐out fish in farms. In this study, we show that the smolt carries infection with IPN from hatchery to the marine farm. We do this by comparing sequences from fish groups taken both in hatcheries and on corresponding marine grow‐out farms. We use statistical analysis to prove that sequences obtained from the same fish group in both hatchery and marine farm are more similar than sequences obtained from random fish groups on hatcheries and marine farms.     

玉米抵御鞘腐病菌侵染的生理机制

为深入探讨玉米抗鞘腐病的机制,以高抗品种浚单20、9058及中抗品种郑单958、郑58为材料,测定了接种层出镰孢后苯丙氨酸解氨酶、过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶、多酚氧化酶、过氧化氢酶、木质素含量及抗病相关基因PR-1、PR-2a、LOX、MPI和GAPc的表达量.结果显示:接种后不同抗性材料叶鞘部位的防御酶活性均上升,多数在6h达到峰值,且高抗材料酶活性增幅较大;供试材料的木质素含量均上升,且高抗材料的含量高于中抗材料;PR-1、MPI、GAPc和PR-2a等抗病相关基因的表达呈上升趋势,而LOX的表达量变化趋势不明显.研究表明玉米对鞘腐病的抗性与防御酶活性、木质素含量及其抗病相关基因的表达量呈正相关.     

Pythium yorkensis sp. nov., a potential soybean pathogen from southeastern Pennsylvania,USA

Biodiversity surveys of natural as well as agricultural ecosystems commonly reveal novel isolates. A new species, Pythium yorkensis sp. nov., is reported here, isolated from field soil during a survey of oomycete diversity in symptomless soybean across southeastern Pennsylvania. Molecular data from both mitochondrial and nuclear loci support a unique phylogenetic position for the isolates collected, and morphological features distinguish this new species from close relatives in Pythium clade J. Pathogenicity assays suggest that this new species may be a potential agricultural pathogen, as isolates were mildly aggressive on soybean. This study highlights the continued need for culture‐based surveys in collaboration with high‐throughput sequence‐based approaches for environmental sampling.     

茶树多态性SSR分子标记引物筛选

本实验采用国家鉴定茶树品种丹桂自然杂交F1代12个新品(株)系DNA为模板,对60对茶树SSR分子标记引物进行筛选,其中12对引物PCR产物电泳结果较为理想,条带清晰、多态性丰富。其他48对引物没有多态性,或者条带模糊无法统计,或者扩增不出任何条带。从已筛选出的多态性引物中随机挑选2对引物D02、D08,对丹桂自然杂交FI代59个新品(株)系做PCR扩增,电泳检测能获得条带清晰、多态性丰富的胶图,说明筛选获得的12对多态性SSR引物可用于遗传多样性或亲缘关系等分子生物学实验。     

吉林省粮食生产投入机制演变及政策效应分析

本文在简述了吉林省粮食主产区的地位和贡献的基础上,系统分析了"六.五"以来吉林省粮食主产区建设的投入机制演变及其政策效应:在中央和地方共建政策下,吉林省在商品粮基地建设、粮食风险基金配套、农业专项建设和农业补贴配套等方面投入了巨额资金,粮食产能不断提升。指出随着商品粮的外调,吉林省地方利益流失巨大且持续不断,地方财政和农民收入均受严重影响,粮食生产后劲不足。提出亟需构建并逐步完善粮食主产区利益补偿机制,协调中央和地方、产区和销区的利益关系的政策建议。