非定常水射流的调制原理及形成方法

从理论上论述了非定常水射流的调制原理，特别是对射流的液珠化过程以及调制后射流与靶体的碰撞作了较详细的分析。简要概括了形成非定常水射流的各种外间断法和内调制法，并分析了各种方法的优缺点。通过对这些方法进行比较，得出激振荡射流和混沌调制冲击射流是比较有发展前途的水射流技术。     

高压电场在食品物料干燥中的应用研究

高压电场干燥是一种全新的干燥技术。文章分析了高压电场干燥的机理，认为是“不均匀高压电场产生的离子风的冲击作用”．而不是“传热传质”。介绍了高压电场干燥的发展历程及进展，指出了高压电场干燥的发展潜力和前景，并提出了设想。     

多熟制水稻插秧机分插机构的研究

为了解决南方多熟制水稻移栽时对不同高度秧苗的适应性问题,对分插机构进行了研究。在选定最大适插苗高,并求得秧针端点运动轨迹后,计算确定了分插机构诸参数。经对该机构进行理论分析、验证和田间实插试验,证明对苗高10～30cm 秧苗具有良好的适应性。     

荔枝去核机理及其试验研究

去核作业是对荔枝进行精深加工的准备工作,但多年来去核后果肉的完整性问题在我国一直没能得到很好地解决,已经成为制约荔枝产品精深加工的瓶颈.为此,在分析去核机理的基础上,进行了以果肉的完整性和去核成功率为指标的手工去核试验.试验中刀具采用了旋转切入、直线切入和直线切入果核后再旋转等3种不同的运动形式.试验表明,刀具旋转切入去核的效果最佳.在此基础上,设计并制作了模拟手工作业的荔枝去核机,对结构不同的3种圆筒形去核刀具在3个转速下进行去核试验表明,刀具结构和旋转速度对果肉的完整性影响显著,但对去核率影响不明显.     

基于运动学分配性能的并联机构优化设计

根据给定的并联机构末端执行器的任务要求,在其结构参数优化设计中,为保证各分支运动学传递性能相对均较优,利用离差的性质,定义了局域和全域运动(速度)、力及功率分配性能指标,以此反映各分支共同承担负载要求的能力。对于单驱动分支功率输出,探讨了速度和力两个可变的物理量对功率的作用大小,并定义了运动、力作用系数,以此对机构的工作空间进行了分析。最后以用作姿态调整部件的3-RPS空间并联机构为例,对上述指标进行了详细的求解,在改进的设计空间中叠加性能图谱,优化了机构的结构参数尺寸,同时求出了相应的工作空间。     

分布式异构数字资源整合概述

 

对分布式异构数字资源的整合检索模式、整合协议、资源连接方式、编码等几个方面

进行了概括介绍。

     

扇贝加工废弃物蛋白酶解及其酶解产物分子量分布的研究

对用复合酶酶解扇贝加工废弃物制备水解蛋白的工艺进行了研究,通过正交试验方法确定了用两种复合酶酶解的最适水解条件。结果表明,用枯草杆菌中性蛋白酶和风味酶复合酶酶解的最佳酶解参数为:加酶量比为2∶1,温度为65℃,pH为7.0,时间为5 h,水解液氨基酸态氮含量为50.3%,蛋白质水解度为95.5%。用木瓜蛋白酶和风味酶复合酶酶解的最佳酶解参数为:加酶量比为2∶1,温度为65℃,pH为7.0,时间为5 h,水解液氨基酸态氮含量为43.2%,蛋白质水解度为85.0%。用SephadexG-15葡聚糖凝胶柱层析法对水解产物的分析结果表明,两种混合酶的酶解产物为蛋白肽和游离氨基酸,其相对分子质量均集中分布在585和150左右。     

Linkage between a major gene for powdery mildew resistance and an RFLP marker on chromosome 1R of rye

DNA samples from an F₂ progeny which segregated for resistance to powdery mildew were bulked for resistant and susceptible individuals. In a segregant analysis, genomic rye probes which had been localized previously in a linkage map of rye were systematically screened for polymorphisms between these bulks. An RFLP marker located on linkage group 1RS was found to be tightly linked to a dominant mildew resistance gene. This is the first publication mapping a major gene for mildew resistance in rye.     

Influence of the Structural Features of Carrageenans from Red Algae of the Far Eastern Seas on Their Antiviral Properties

The structural diversity and unique physicochemical properties of sulphated polysaccharides of red algae carrageenans (CRGs), to a great extent, determine the wide range of their antiviral properties. This work aimed to compare the antiviral activities of different structural types of CRGs: against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and enterovirus (ECHO-1). We found that CRGs significantly increased the resistance of Vero cells to virus infection (preventive effect), directly affected virus particles (virucidal effect), inhibited the attachment and penetration of virus to cells, and were more effective against HSV-1. CRG1 showed the highest virucidal effect on HSV-1 particles with a selective index (SI) of 100. CRG2 exhibited the highest antiviral activity by inhibiting HSV-1 and ECHO-1 plaque formation, with a SI of 110 and 59, respectively, when it was added before virus infection. CRG2 also significantly reduced the attachment of HSV-1 and ECHO-1 to cells compared to other CRGs. It was shown by molecular docking that tetrasaccharides—CRGs are able to bind with the HSV-1 surface glycoprotein, gD, to prevent virus–cell interactions. The revealed differences in the effect of CRGs on different stages of the lifecycle of the viruses are apparently related to the structural features of the investigated compounds.     

Potential Anti-Obesity,Anti-Steatosis,and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Extracts from the Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorococcum amblystomatis under Different Growth Conditions

Microalgae are known as a producer of proteins and lipids, but also of valuable compounds for human health benefits (e.g., polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs); minerals, vitamins, or other compounds). The overall objective of this research was to prospect novel products, such as nutraceuticals from microalgae, for application in human health, particularly for metabolic diseases. Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorococcum amblystomatis were grown autotrophically, and C. vulgaris was additionally grown heterotrophically. Microalgae biomass was extracted using organic solvents (dichloromethane, ethanol, ethanol with ultrasound-assisted extraction). Those extracts were evaluated for their bioactivities, toxicity, and metabolite profile. Some of the extracts reduced the neutral lipid content using the zebrafish larvae fat metabolism assay, reduced lipid accumulation in fatty-acid-overloaded HepG2 liver cells, or decreased the LPS-induced inflammation reaction in RAW264.7 macrophages. Toxicity was not observed in the MTT assay in vitro or by the appearance of lethality or malformations in zebrafish larvae in vivo. Differences in metabolite profiles of microalgae extracts obtained by UPLC-LC-MS/MS and GNPS analyses revealed unique compounds in the active extracts, whose majority did not have a match in mass spectrometry databases and could be potentially novel compounds. In conclusion, microalgae extracts demonstrated anti-obesity, anti-steatosis, and anti-inflammatory activities and could be valuable resources for developing future nutraceuticals. In particular, the ultrasound-assisted ethanolic extract of the heterotrophic C. vulgaris significantly enhanced the anti-obesity activity and demonstrated that the alteration of culture conditions is a valuable approach to increase the production of high-value compounds.