日本落叶松种子园结实母株种实性状对氮磷钾配比施肥的响应

为提高日本落叶松种子园肥料利用率,有效改善种实性状,提高种子产量和品质;在甘肃省沙坝落叶松/云杉国家良种基地,以30年左右正常开花结实的日本落叶松嫁接无性系分株为研究对象,采用随机试验设计,设置了N₁P₁K₁、N₁P₂K₁、N₁P₁K₂施肥配比水平,以不施肥（N₀P₀K₀）作为对照,研究N、P、K不同配比水平施肥对种实性状的影响。数据采用SPSS 16.0进行方差分析和多重比较,结果表明：N、P、K不同配比水平施肥对日本落叶松结实母株种实性状的影响具有显著差异（P<0.05）,不同配比施肥均能促进球果和种子性状的有效改善,N₁P₂K₁、N₁P₁K₁、N₁P₁K₂配比水平施肥千粒质量分别比对照提高了38.1%、32.1%和30.0%;尤其以N₁P₂K₁的效果最为显著,球果鲜质量和单个球果平均生产种子质量是对照（N₀P₀K₀）的2.08倍和2.26倍,也是N₁P₁K₂施肥配比水平的1.53倍,高出N₁P₁K₁施肥配比水平的9.4%和30.0%。30年左右日本落叶松种子园能有效改善种实性状,提高种子产量和品质的N、P、K施肥配比水平为N₁P₂K₁。     

ASR蛋白与植物的抗逆性研究进展

 ASR蛋白（the abscisic acid,stress,ripening protein）是生物体中广泛存在的一类与渗透调节有关的家族蛋白,植物受到逆境胁迫（如干旱、低温、盐胁迫、ABA等）后,ASR蛋白大量表达,可以减轻逆境引起的伤害。ASR蛋白在细胞中可以稳定细胞膜结构,作为分子伴侣,具有结合离子和防止氧化等作用,被认为是在胁迫过程中对植物起保护作用的物质之一。针对这些重要特性,综述了ASR蛋白分类、结构和编码基因及其表达调控方式及ASR基因表达、ASR蛋白积累与植物抗逆性的关系等方面的研究进展。     

水稻矮缩病毒基因组及毒粒三维结构的研究进展

水稻矮缩病毒(Rice dwarf virus,RDV)为双层壳、二十面体的双链RNA病毒,是水稻的重要病原物之一.文中比较了RDV中国福建分离物与日本分离物基因组各片段核苷酸序列的相似性,发现RDV两个不同分离物基因组相应片段的相似性均在92%以上,最高可达96%;分析了相应基因组片段编码的结构蛋白P1、P2、P3、P5、P7、P8及以前一直被认为是非结构蛋白的P9和非结构蛋白Pns4、Pns6、Pns10 、Pns11和Pns12在RDV复制、组装过程中的功能;回顾了RDV粒子三维结构的研究概况,对RDV粒子内、外层衣壳的晶体学结构作了较详细的描述;简要介绍了RDV复制与组装的机制,发现核心蛋白与dsRNA间相互作用成为一个单元是病毒RNA的分拣及包装到病毒粒子核心内的可能机制.同时,指出基于PDR的植物抗病毒基因工程在水稻矮缩病毒防治上的可能性.     

美洲黑杨基因资源收存及其遗传评价的研究

从１７个国家引进３３１个黑杨派无性系（其中５２个美洲黑杨无性系）,在山东省长清县营建我国第一个黑杨派无性系基因库。连续１０年对基因库内美洲黑杨无性系进行了多性状系统研究,结果表明各无性系间在物候期、生长、生根、抗寒和抗病虫等方面均存在着显著的差异,遗传变异丰富;系间的主要性状与无性系起源纬度及各性状间存在一定相关性。主要材料性状变异的研究结果表明,３８个８年生美洲黑杨无性系在木材基本密度、纤维长度无性系间变异达到极显著水平;木材密度和纤维长度与树高和胸径呈一定相关性;木材密度和纤维长度这两个性状在遗传上相互独立,受不同遗传机制控制。利用分子遗传标记ＲＡＰＤ技术研究库内美洲黑杨无性系ＤＮＡ多态性,结果表明本库美洲黑杨ＤＮＡ多态率为８６％,再次证明本库美洲黑杨遗传多样性高,可为我国杨树改良提供丰富的育种材料。     

Evaluation of cultivation methods and sustainable agricultural practices for improving shallot bulb production – a review

Abstract

Shallot is an economically important nutritive bulb vegetable and medicinal plant from Alliaceae family. Distributed in limited regions worldwide, in most cases, shallots widely grow in very cold to moderate cold temperate climates at high elevations required to induce bolting and overcome their bulbs and true seeds dormant period. Shallot responses to agricultural management and environmental conditions vary among different species and genotypes and, thus, selection of the elite genotypes is a prerequisite for obtaining desired yield and quality of bulbs and true seeds. Plant material (seed or bulb), plant selection, as well as cultivation and agricultural practices (importantly fertilization, spacing, planting date, and irrigation in greenhouse or farmland) critically affect productivity, phytonutrient value, and economic profit of the shallot produces. The knowledge of using biofertilizers and mulching techniques on shallots are currently evolving, but the information on the efficiency of nanobiofertilizers and eco-friendly and biodegradable mulching materials on shallots farming are still lacking. With the emphasis on sustainable agricultural systems, the efficiency of combined organic and inorganic fertilization is discussed and the potential biofertilizer agents are recommended. This review highlights the importance of using the integrated fertilization (organic and inorganic methods combined with biofertilizers) and irrigation methods (such as two-line spray hose irrigation combined with mulching), and the practices with the highest potential to further improve shallot farming are suggested. The information on shallots breeding is still lacking and requires extensive researches in the future.     

基于CO I基因序列的11种蛀茎害虫的分子鉴定

本研究克隆了二化螟(Chilo suppressalis)、台湾稻螟(Cauricilius)、芦苞螟(C.luteellus)、甘蔗条螟(C.sac-chariphagus)、三化螟(Tryporyza incertulas)、亚洲玉米螟(Ostrinia furnacalis)、甘蔗红尾白螟(Scirpophaga ex-cerptalis)、黄纹髓草螟(Calamotrophapaludella)、桃蛀螟(Conogethes puncti eralis)、棘禾草螟(Chilo hyrax)和稻蛀茎夜蛾(Sesamia in.erens)11种常见蛀茎害虫102个个体的线粒体DNA细胞色素氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(COⅠ)基因片段.序列分析显示:该COⅠ基因片段长为709 bp,序列都未发生缺失或插入现象,碱基颠换率(55.42％)高于转换率(44.58％);种间遗传距离平均值为0.140(0.088～0.179),种内遗传距离平均值为0.004(0～0.015),两者之间没有重叠区域;聚类分析表明,不同种蛀茎害虫分别形成独立的进化分支,分支自展值均为100％.研究结果表明该COⅠ基因序列具有适宜的变异信息,种内相对保守,种间变异显著,适用于蛀茎害虫的物种识别,并为开发蛀茎害虫DNA条形码技术奠定了基础.     

黄河流域旱涝灾害的时空分布特征

本文以月降水距平为指标,根据黄河流域典型台站４０年的降水资料,对黄河流域旱涝灾害的时空分布特征进行了分析,并进行了区域划分。     

Effects of road transportation on metabolic and immunological responses in Holstein heifers

This study examined the effects of road transportation on metabolic and immunological responses in dairy heifers. Twenty Holstein heifers in early pregnancy were divided into non‐transported (NT; n = 7) and transported (T; n = 13) groups. Blood was collected before transportation (BT), immediately after transportation for 100 km (T1) and 200 km (T2), and 24 h after transportation (AT). The T heifers had higher (P < 0.05) blood cortisol and non‐esterified fatty acid concentrations after T1 and T2 than did NT heifers. By contrast, the T heifers had lower (P < 0.05) serum triglyceride concentrations after T1 and T2 than had the NT heifers. The serum cortisol and triglyceride concentrations returned (P > 0.05) to the BT concentrations at 24 h AT in the T heifers. The granulocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and the percentage of monocytes were higher (P < 0.05) after T2 in the T heifers than in the NT heifers, suggesting that transportation stress increased the numbers of innate immune cells. T heifers had higher (P < 0.01) plasma haptoglobin concentrations than NT heifers 24 h AT. In conclusion, transportation increased cortisol secretion and was correlated with increased metabolic responses and up‐regulation of peripheral innate immune cells in dairy heifers.     

陇东旱塬冬小麦复种饲草轮作系统产量和水分利用特征

在陇东黄土高原大田条件下,连续2年研究了冬小麦-饲草复种轮作系统的干物质产量和水分利用,研究采用的处理有:休闲-冬小麦-箭筈豌豆-冬小麦(F-W-V-W),休闲-冬小麦-饲用油菜-冬小麦(F-W-R-W),饲用油菜-冬小麦-箭筈豌豆-冬小麦(R-W-V-W)和饲用油菜-冬小麦-饲用油菜-冬小麦(R-W-R-W)。结果表明:麦茬复种饲草可比麦茬休闲提高系统生产力27%,蛋白质产量增加1100 kg/hm², 同时对后茬冬小麦产量无影响。R-W-R-W模式下干物质产量、粗蛋白产量、干物质水分利用效率和蛋白质水分利用效率均最优,分别为30.68 t/hm²、3.25 t/hm²、7.80 kg/(mm·hm²)和0.92 kg/(mm·hm²)(P<0.05)。复种饲用油菜较箭筈豌豆产量高,有效利用了麦茬后降雨量,但箭筈豌豆粗蛋白含量较饲用油菜高22.4%,因此确定麦茬复种模式则需权衡干物质产量与蛋白质产量的需求。     

重庆地区牛附红细胞体分子流行病学调查

根据重庆地区不同的地理条件以及不同的养殖模式,采用16S rRNA-PCR检测方法对重庆市进行了牛附红细胞体的分子流行病学调查。结果显示:重庆地区存在牛附红细胞体感染,平均感染率为11%。其中规模化养殖平均感染率(6%)低于散养(16.7%),丘陵地区平均感染率(2%)低于高山地区(25.6%)。