浅议家庭环保教育

家庭作为国家的重要组成部分 ,是环保教育不容忽视的角落 ,环保教育深入开展可以提高家庭成员的环保素质 ,维护公民的环境权益 ,推动其他学科和我国环境保护事业的迅猛发展 ,同时孩子是家庭环保教育的受益者 ,而且开展家庭环保教育同样可以在全社会进行爱国主义教育。     

丽江云杉家系苗期性状通径分析与优良家系初选

对91个丽江云杉(Picea likiangensis)2年生实生苗的苗高、地径、侧枝数、根系长和干重5个生长性状进行遗传分析和通径分析,并采用综合选择指数法对丽江云杉进行优良家系的评选。结果表明：2年生丽江云杉实生苗家系间各性状存在极显著差异(P＜0.01),其中侧枝数的遗传力最大,根系长的遗传力最小;性状的遗传变异系数干质量最大,苗高最小;地径对苗高的直接贡献最大,根系长通过地径对苗高的间接作用最大。通过综合选择指数法,评选出12个优良家系,这些家系的苗高实际增益为13.10%～29.58%,遗传增益为11.17%～25.24%。     

Efficiency of bunch-planted and single-planted seedlings for selecting superior families in sugarcane

Summary The efficiency of family selection in bunch-planted sugareane seedlings was investigated by planting 40 families (20 proven and 20 experimental) as bunches and as single seedlings in adjoining replicated trials. A replicated trial planted the following year. using stem cuttings from random seedlings of each family. provided an independant estimate of the value of each family.Five methods were used to compare bunch and single planting, namely theoretical and realized gains from selection, correlations between the seedling and evaluation trials, discrimination based on proven cross classes, and discrimination based on production of advanced selections. Overall, bunch planting was inferior to single planting for family selection. It was promising for only one method of evaluation (proven cross classes) but this, combined with the relatively small area required for bunch-planted seedlings, indicates that family selection may be possible in such plantings. The use of a number of methods of evaluation showed that incorrect conclusions were likely if only one method were used, and revealed deficiencies in methods which would otherwise be considered satisfactory. The project provided a basis for the design of more critical experiments.The components of weight of cane, namely number of stalks and weight per stalk, are negatively correlated, and showed different relationships with yield in the seedling and evaluation trials. Weight per stalk was an important component in seedling trials, with number of stalks by far the main component in the evaluation trial which was planted by the commerical method using stem cuttings.Family selection based on number of stalks and sugar content, preceding mass selection, is likely to provide a better selection system than the usual mass selection in bunch-planted seedlings.Families do not express their full genetic potential in original seedlings. whether bunch or single planted: trials planted from stem cuttings give more effective family selection. Furthermore, family selection for the most important characters (net merit grade and weight of sugar) was much more effective in ratoon than in plant crops. These results have important implications for the practical selection program, further experimental work being necessary to specify the most efficient system.     

玉米BEL1-like基因家族的鉴定、表达和调控分析

BEL1-like(BELL)家族蛋白是植物中普遍存在的一类具有同源异型结构域的转录因子。拟南芥中BELL家族蛋白能与KNOTTED1-like蛋白互作形成异源二聚体,并结合到特异顺式作用元件来调控基因的表达,从而影响植物生长发育进程。本文采用隐马可夫(HMM)模型,在玉米基因组中鉴定到15个BELL家族基因(Zm BELL),分布于7条玉米染色体。通过与拟南芥BELL基因的序列比较将这些基因分为两大类。在玉米8种组织中Zm BELL有不同的表达模式,具有明显的组织表达特异性。基于基因共表达分析及BELL-like蛋白特异结合的顺式元件分析,预测到86个可能受Zm BELL调控的下游靶标基因。这86个基因和12个Zm BELL表达模式相同,并且在基因启动子区存在与BEL1-like蛋白结合的顺式元件。这些结果为进一步解析玉米BELL家族基因的功能和作用机制积累了有价值的资料。     

柿饼的家庭制作工艺研究

以新鲜的柿子为原料,经削皮、日晒、熏硫、堆捂等工艺,可生产出一种香甜、耐嚼及具有营养和药用价值的柿饼。     

环境胁迫和激素诱导甘蔗ACC合成酶基因家族三个成员的表达

ACC合成酶（ACS）是高等植物乙烯生物合成途径中的限速酶。在克隆到甘蔗ACC合成酶基因家族3个成员Sc-ACS1、Sc-ACS2和Sc-ACS3的基础上，分别以它们作为探针，检测了激素诱导和环境胁迫对甘蔗苗期该3成员表达的影响。结果表明，乙烯利诱导Sc-ACS1在叶中表达，在根中不表达；Sc-ACS2在根、叶中表达；Sc-ACS3主要在根部表达，在叶中不表达。在甘蔗叶片中，Sc-ACS1对冷胁迫、暗培养和LiCl胁迫均有应答，并受植物生长激素IAA诱导而表达；Sc-ACS2无论是在生长激素诱导还是环境胁迫下，其mRNA均维持较低水平。     

Extension association analysis method for product family configuration

A product family extension configuration method based on evaluation model for customer demands, relational mapping and extension association rules is introduced to better realize rapid and effective product configuration. A demand-based evaluation model is confirmed by the information of customer demands and a mapping relationship between demand-based model and characters of product family cases is built. The similarity between evaluation model and product family cases is up to the association rules and a product family case with the highest similarity can be extracted according to association rules. According to the situation of the similarity, the extracted case is modified to meet the demands of configuration with case-based reasoning method. The method is validated by a speed reducer case.     

樟树苗期萌芽特性遗传变异初步研究

通过对樟树苗期种源／家系二水平试验研究，目的是为樟树遗传改良提供一些参考依据，研究表明，樟树的苗期萌芽率遗传变异存在于种源和家系二个层次；樟树早期芽百分率，中期萌芽百分率，晚期萌芽百分率种源层次的变异远大于家系层次的变异。方差分析表明，樟树苗期种源间在早期萌芽百分率，中期萌芽百分率上有极显差异，晚期萌芽百分率性状有显差异，家系之间在早期萌芽百分率性状上有极显差异。种源内大多数家系间在苗期萌芽率上达不到显水平，早期萌芽百分率，中期萌芽百分率，晚期萌芽百分率各性状，高于遂川种源的家系分别有84，83，104个，低于遂川种源的分别有107，108，87个，早期萌芽百分率，中期萌芽百分率，晚期萌芽百分率与地理纬度均呈负相关，其中早期萌芽百分率，中期萌芽百分率与地理纬度呈负极显相关，早期萌芽百分率，中期萌芽百分率与年均温，1月均温和绝对低温极显相关，早期萌芽百分率与干季数显相关，早期萌芽百分率，中期萌芽百分率，晚期萌芽百分率之间呈极显相关。     

草莓miR156靶基因SPL9的克隆与表达分析

 【目的】从草莓中克隆SPL(SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein-like)转录因子基因SPL9,并分析其在草莓植株不同生长时期的表达水平及与miR156的表达关系,探讨SPL9在草莓植株生长发育中的作用。【方法】根据苹果SPL基因家族的保守序列设计简并引物,以草莓叶片为试材,利用RT-PCR克隆草莓SPL9基因片段,在此基础上利用RACE方法克隆SPL9的cDNA全长。利用实时定量RT-PCR技术分析草莓叶片中SPL9及miR156的表达水平。【结果】从草莓（Fragaria×ananassa）品种‘全明星’中克隆出SPL9基因的cDNA全长序列,命名为FaSPL9。其CDS长度为1 143 bp,编码381个氨基酸,与拟南芥AtSPL9、葡萄VvSPL9、枳PtSPL9、苹果MdSPL9以及玉米ZmSPL9的氨基酸序列同源性分别为：40.30%、64.57%、56.09%、70.33%,38.35%。FaSPL9有着高度保守的SBP结构域和一个双向核定位信号KRXXXRRRK。FaSPL9基因序列中包含miR156的靶位点,实时定量RT-PCR结果表明,在草莓植株的不同生长时期FaSPL9的表达量不同,且与miR156呈现相反的表达模式。【结论】从草莓中分离出FaSPL9基因,其作为miR156的靶基因,推测FaSPL9对草莓植株的生长发育具有重要的调控作用。     

油松单亲子代苗期生长性状遗传分析

对陕西省3个油松Pinus tabulaeformis种子园和1个优良种源区的优树单亲子代苗期生长性状进行了研究分析.结果表明:油松林分、家系间具有丰富的遗传变异,家系方差分量大于林分;不同种子园和同一种子园的不同家系苗期生长差异均达极显著水平,生长最好的家系比生长最差的家系苗高生长大1倍以上;油松家系种子千粒质量之间变异较大,变异幅度为20.04～65.10 g,种子千粒质量与地径相关紧密而与苗高相关一般;油松苗高和地径的遗传力较高,运用生长量指数,评选46个优良家系,可获得苗高和地径16.32%～27.86%和6.39%～23.08%的遗传增益,增产效果十分显著.表7参12