内置式秸秆生物反应堆技术对寒地大棚香瓜产量及品质的影响

为了解决燃烧秸秆所造成的环境污染问题,提高寒地大棚香瓜的产量和品质,采用内置式秸秆生物反应堆技术处理与常规种植进行对比研究。结果表明:在寒地香瓜大棚采用内置式秸秆生物反应堆技术比对照气温增加2.39℃、地温增加3.13℃,CO2浓度比常规对照多750mg·kg-1,是常规对照的2.81倍,产量增加28.46%,效益增加74.01%,香瓜品质和土壤养分含量也得到大幅度提升。     

不同砧木嫁接对甜瓜抗病性及生长发育的影响

为促进甜瓜产业的发展,增加瓜农收入,选用6种常用嫁接砧木作为试验材料,以薄皮甜瓜金妃作为接穗,研究不同砧木嫁接对甜瓜抗病性及生长发育的影响。结果表明:各砧木均能显著增强枯萎病防治效果,并具有显著的增产作用。其中尤以京欣砧3号表现出色,其枯萎病和白粉病发病率相比自根嫁接植株分别低了38.1和8.2个百分点,产量提高了17.89%,且亲和性及果实品质等指标均接近于自根嫁接植株,是黑龙江省金妃甜瓜保护地栽培的理想砧木。     

Evaluation of commercial traps of various designs for capturing the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Abstract

The attractiveness of six different traps, one hand-made and five commercially available, on olive fruit fly adults, was compared in the field. Experiments were undertaken at three different localities of Messinia Co., SW Greece, with varying conditions of fruit load and pest population density. The Glass-Plastic Elkofon Trap attracted more adult flies than any other type of trap. Satisfactory catches were also given by the Glass McPhail trap, the Plastic McPhail trap and the Plastic Elkofon trap, whereas low attractiveness was demonstrated by the Bottle trap and the Pouch trap. It is clear from the findings of this study that trap captures of the olive fruit fly are significantly influenced by trap design (e.g. shape, materials, special features), especially during the period of the high population peak (mid-September – early November) as well as in olive orchards with a high pest population density. In olive orchards with a low pest population density no significant differences were recorded among captures of different trap types. We discuss ways of improving the mass-trapping technique as a control method against olive fruit fly.     

CO2超临界萃取法提取苦瓜籽油及其GC-MS分析

一种野生品种苦瓜的籽用索氏提取法提取苦瓜油,测得含油率为38.0％;苦瓜籽仁粉末在CO2超临界状态下,通过正交试验法对萃取压力、温度、时间和CO2流量等因素进行筛选,确定苦瓜籽油萃取工艺参数为萃取压力37 MPa、萃取温度40℃、CO2流量40 L/h、萃取时间为2h时苦瓜籽油得率为97.2％;超临界状态下萃取的苦瓜籽油经GC-MS分析结果表明,苦瓜籽油多种不饱和脂肪酸含量达79.60％,高含量多不饱和脂肪酸的存在使其具有生物活性产品的开发价值.     

超声辅助CaO改性粉煤灰对Mn2+吸附性能研究

以CaO和粉煤灰为原料,超声辅助制备改性粉煤灰,利用SEM、FTIR对其微观形貌进行观察及结构表征,考察其制备及吸附条件对锰离子的吸附性能的影响。结果表明:制备时,当CaO与粉煤灰的质量比为1:10,超声时间为15min;吸附时,废水pH为6,吸附时间为120min,吸附剂用量为20g/L时,Mn2+去除率达91.2%。     

瓜类褪绿黄化病毒p22 基因在大肠杆菌中的表达及抗血清的制备

 以被瓜类褪绿黄化病毒（Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus,CCYV）侵染的甜瓜叶片为供试材 料,采用RT-PCR 方法克隆其P22 蛋白基因,并将其连接到原核表达载体pGex-4T-3 上,PCR 验证及克隆 测序确定开放阅读框的正确性。将重组载体pGexp22 转化大肠杆菌BL21 菌株,诱导表达,SDS-PAGE 分 析表明,经IPTG 诱导,p22 基因在大肠杆菌BL21 中得到了高效表达。以表达的蛋白作为抗原,免疫家 兔,制备了CCYV P22 的特异性抗血清。ACP-ELISA 检测结果表明,血清效价高达1.28 × 10⁵。Western blot 检测甜瓜叶片,结果表明抗血清能够特异性地检测CCYV 侵染的甜瓜叶片中的CCYV P22 蛋白。     

脆肉厚皮甜瓜新品种‘甬甜 7 号’

 ‘甬甜7 号’为脆肉型厚皮甜瓜,果实椭圆形,平均单果质量约1.8 kg;果皮米白色,布细密网纹;果肉浅橙色,中心折光糖度15%以上,口感松脆、细腻;适宜华东地区春季和秋季设施栽培,较抗蔓枯病,综合抗性好,产量16.2 ~ 36.5 t · hm^-2。     

A new pathotype of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudoperonospora cubensis</Emphasis> causing downy mildew in cucurbits in Israel

Downy mildew, incited by the comycetePseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk.et Curt.) Rost., was recorded in Israel during the years 1979–2001 on cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and melon (Cucumis melo) and classified as pathotype 3. In July 2002 severe outbreaks of downy mildew occurred on pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) and summer squash (Cucurbita pepo subsp.pepo). Host range pathogenicity studies revealed high compatibility of the new population with cucumber, melon, pumpkin and summer squash but low compatibility with watermelon. This new population was therefore designated as pathotype 6. The possible origin of this new pathotype in Israel is discussed. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Oct. 9, 2003.     

蔓枯病菌侵染影响抗感甜瓜品种及杂种的光合特性分析

 以抗病的甜瓜“PI157082”、“PI482398”和杂种1代“PI157082×PI482398”以及感病品种“白皮脆”为材料,研究了蔓枯病菌接种对甜瓜幼苗叶片叶绿素含量、气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明:蔓枯病菌接种后,不同抗性甜瓜的叶绿素含量、净光合速率、气孔导度、Fv/Fm、Fv′/Fm′和ΦPSII均有不同程度的降低,CO₂浓度均有不同程度的上升。感病品种“白皮脆”的净光合速率、Fv′/Fm′、ΦPSII早于抗病材料达到显著水平;叶绿素含量、Fv/Fm显著低于接种前的时间跨度比抗病材料长;CO₂浓度变化幅度比抗病材料大。在抗病材料中,杂种1代PI157082×PI482398的净光合速率、Fv′/Fm′显著降低的时间晚于亲本PI157082和PI482398;叶绿素含量、气孔导度、Fv/Fm一直与接种前差异不显著;CO₂浓度变化幅度比亲本PI157082和PI482398小,说明杂种1代PI157082×PI482398可能比双亲有更严密的防御机制,使幼苗叶片保持较高的光合速率,体现出一定的杂种优势。     

Response of some horticultural crops to irrigation in the semi-arid region of Tunisia

Response to a limited water supply was determined for 3 horticultural crops, pepper, melon (cantaloup) and tomato, in the Nebhana Valley, Tunisia. Varying fractions of potential evapotranspiration (PET), as calculated by Penman, were used to define 4 irrigation treatments which were replicated 4 times. The study was conducted on a shallow sandy loam soil in the lower Nebhana Valley, near Monastir. For each of the crops the following production parameters were evaluated: marketable yield; average fruit weight; number of fruits per unit land area. For socio-political reasons, the cost price of the irrigation water to the farmers in the Nebhana Valley is of negligible importance, and thus the economic threshold could be drawn from the relationship between yield and total available water. The marketable yield for pepper, melon and tomato crops was not significantly affected by rationing the seasonal water application volumes to 57, 47 and 67%, respectively, of the calculated PET. To increase the water-use efficiency for the crops studied, limited irrigation is advisable.