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The distribution of olive fruit fly captures with McPhail traps within an olive orchard 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ioannis?DimouEmail author Constantin?Koutsikopoulos Aristidis?Economopoulos Josef?Lykakis 《Phytoparasitica》2003,31(2):124-131
The spatial distribution of olive fruit flyBactrocera (Dacus) oleae (Gmelin) (Diptera: Tephritidae) field captures with McPhail traps within an experimental orchard was evaluated. Contour maps
were constructed to examine the patterns in the 3-year trapping data. Captures varied widely inside the olive orchard, with
traps suspended on wild olive trees exhibiting the poorest performance. Favorable microclimate, created by a standing water
pool, appeared to be responsible for increased trap captures during the hot summer months. The positive role of the olive
tree fruit load is also discussed.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Feb. 2, 2003. 相似文献
84.
The field efficacy of a bait containing phloxine B, uranine and Provesta 621 protein was tested against Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata; Medfly) by aerial and ground spraying in about 84 ha of coffee fields in Kauai, Hawaii, USA. Concurrently, soil and crop samples were collected from the aerially sprayed field and its unsprayed control field for residue studies. Efficacy of the sprays was assessed through trapping with both protein-baited and trimedlure-baited traps and through the infestation level of coffee cherries collected at least three-quarters ripe. The C capitata population was low at the start of the aerial and ground spray studies, but dramatically increased in the control fields. This increase coincided with initial ripening of coffee cherries. During times of peak population levels, C capitata populations were reduced by more than 91% in the ground-sprayed field and 99% in the aerial-sprayed field, relative to the populations in their respective control fields and based on protein-baited trap catches. Results of residue analyses indicated that uranine dissipated quickly compared with phloxine B on coffee and soil. Coffee samples collected at pre-spray periods had phloxine B residues of 7.2-25.5 ng g-1 on berries. Phloxine B concentrations were much higher on coffee leaves (163-1120 ng g-1). Lower concentrations of the dye were found from coffee samples collected during rainy days. Average phloxine B concentrations immediately after spraying were 56 and 2840 ng g-1 in coffee berries and leaves, respectively. Dissipation of phloxine B on berries was fast, with a half-life (t1/2) of 3 days. Dissipation of phloxine B on leaves was fitted to two linear phases: the initial (0-4 days) with a shorter t1/2 of 3 days and the later phase (4-28 days) with a longer t1/2 of 15 days. Average concentrations of phloxine B in the top soil ranged from 50 to 590 ng g-1 at pre-spray. Phloxine B initial concentration (770 ng g-1) reached a plateau immediately after the last spraying, but showed a steady decline over time with t1/2 of 16 days. Fast dissipation of the dyes in the field indicates that these chemicals may be environmentally compatible and therefore a promising alternative for fruit fly control. 相似文献
85.
John H. Rossmeisl Jr. DVM MS DACVIM Michael A. Higgins DVM Dennis J. Blodgett DVM PhD DABVT Matthew Ellis DVM Delbert E. Jones MS 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2006,16(3):208-214
Objective: To report the manifestations, history, and pathophysiologic basis of disease in 2 dogs with Amanita muscaria toxicosis. Case summaries: Two dogs were evaluated for an acute onset of gastroenteritis and seizures. A. muscaria toxicosis was suspected in each dog after confirmation of environmental exposure and visualization of ingested mushrooms in vomitus. The diagnosis was confirmed following identification of toxic Amanita metabolites in the urine and serum of each dog. Administration of supportive and symptomatic therapies resulted in the complete recovery of each animal. Unique information provided: Ingestion of the mushroom, A. muscaria, by dogs can result in acute gastrointestinal distress that precedes a potentially life‐threatening central neurologic syndrome characterized by seizures, tremors, and somnolence. Central nervous system dysfunction results primarily from the actions of ibotenic acid and its decarboxylation product, muscimol, which are analogues of the neurotransmitters glutamate and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), respectively. Identification of these toxins in the urine and serum of affected dogs using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) provides a definitive diagnosis. 相似文献
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应用反义RNA技术抑制甜瓜成熟过程中内源乙烯的合成,从而培育耐贮运品种是解决甜瓜延熟保鲜难题的可行新方法。根据GenBank中甜瓜、黄瓜ACC合成酶基因氨基酸保守序列设计引物,从成熟的薄皮甜瓜(齐甜1号)果肉组织中提取总RNA,经RT-PCR扩增得到约0.7kb的ACC合成酶cDNA片段,将其克隆到质粒载体pGEM-TEasy中,测序表明,该基因为777bp,编码258个氨基酸;从番茄(东农706)叶片组织中提取总DNA,经PCR扩增得到约2.2kb的E8基因片段,将其克隆到质粒载体pGEM-TEasy中,测序表明,该基因为2192bp;以pCAM2301为起始植物表达载体,pCAM-GT为中间载体,成功构建了果实特异启动子(E8)调控薄皮甜瓜ACC合成酶cDNA反义表达载体,采用冻融法将其转入根癌农杆菌LBA4404,得到了完整的Ti质粒表达载体系统。 相似文献
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89.
Andrew Y. Li Felix D. Guerrero John H. Pruett 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2007,87(2):147-155
Resistance to insecticides remains a major problem for the successful control of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans irritans (L.), one of the most important pests of cattle in many countries including the United States. The organophosphate (OP) insecticide diazinon has been used to control pyrethroid-resistant populations of the horn fly. There are only a few reported cases of horn fly resistance to diazinon in the United States and Mexico. Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) has been used successfully as a synergist of pyrethroid insecticides to control horn flies. PBO-synergized diazinon products are also available for horn fly control in the United States, although PBO is known to inhibit the bio-activation of certain OP insecticides including diazinon. A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of PBO on diazinon toxicity to horn flies using a filter paper bioassay technique. These bioassays in both the susceptible and diazinon-resistant horn fly strains revealed a biphasic effect of PBO on diazinon toxicity to horn flies. PBO inhibited diazinon toxicity when the PBO concentration used was high (5%), and no effect was observed when PBO concentration was intermediate (2%). However, at low concentrations (1% and lower), PBO significantly synergized diazinon toxicity. We demonstrated that enhanced esterase activity was associated with survivability of horn flies exposed to diazinon alone. PBO has been shown to inhibit esterase activity in other insect species. However, results of biochemical assays with esterases from this study suggest that PBO did not have significant effect on the overall esterase activity in the horn fly. The observed synergistic effect of PBO at lower concentrations on diazinon toxicity to horn flies could not be explained by reduced esterase activity due to PBO inhibition. It is likely that PBO synergized diazinon toxicity at lower concentrations by facilitating penetration of diazinon through the cuticle and/or inhibiting the oxidative detoxification of diazinon, and reduced diazinon toxicity at high PBO concentration by inhibiting the bio-activation of diazinon. 相似文献
90.
哈密瓜内生细菌菌群密度及分布动态 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
分离哈密瓜植株组织中的内生细菌,对不同品种、不同栽培环境、不同组织器官、不同生育期的哈密瓜内生细菌的菌群组成、菌群密度的动态分布特点进行研究.结果表明:哈密瓜不同品种、不同种植地区、不同组织器官、不同生育期内生细菌的菌群密度有较大差异.抗病品种中的内生细菌显著高于感病品种.哈密瓜各组织中,种子的内生细菌最多,其次为根,再次为茎、叶片、叶柄,果实中最少.在不同生长阶段,随着哈密瓜生育期的延长,内生细菌数量变化呈"高-低-高"的变化特点,即从苗期到花期,植株内生细菌总量下降,至成熟期数量显著增加的特点.对所分离的内生细菌进行菌群分析表明,哈密瓜内生细菌包括芽孢杆菌属、黄单胞菌属、假单胞菌属、欧文氏菌属、葡萄球菌属、鞘氨醇单胞菌属、黄色单胞菌属和类芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus)等,其中芽孢杆菌属出现的频率最高,在所分离的哈密瓜品种中都是优势菌群,约占总分离菌株的54.58%;但菌群多样性在不同哈密瓜品种和种植地区间差异不显著;种子中类群最少,随着植株生长,类群增加. 相似文献