Research Progress of Effect of Oxidative Stress on Broiler and its Mitigation Technology

Oxidative stress is ubiquitous in livestock and poultry production.When the body is in the situation of harmful stimulation in vitro or in vivo,the oxidation system and antioxidant system are in a state of imbalance,leading to metabolic disorders,which depresses the growth and development of animals,decreases disease resistance and quality of livestock products seriously,and has a negative impact on the production and health of livestock and poultry.So it is important to find an effective measure to alleviate the health of livestock and poultry.Lipoic acid,tea polyphenol,VE and other antioxidants play significant roles in reducing oxidative stress.In this paper,the effects of oxidative stress on broiler and mitigation technology research were outlined.     

Effects of calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids and rumen-protected methionine on plasma concentrations of ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (7 to 36) amide and pancreatic hormones in lactating cows

Our objective was to determine the effects of calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids (CLFAs) and rumen-protected methionine (RPM) on plasma concentrations of ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (7 to 36) amide, and pancreatic hormones in lactating cows. Four Holstein cows in midlactation were used in a 4 by 4 Latin square experiment in each 2-wk period. Cows were fed corn silage-based diets with supplements of CLFAs (1.5% added on dry matter basis), RPM (20 g/d), CLFAs plus RPM, and without supplement. Jugular blood samples were taken from 1 h before to 2 h after morning feeding at 10-min intervals on day 12 of each period. CLFAs decreased dry matter intake, but RPM did not affect dry matter intake. Both supplements of CLFAs and RPM did not affect metabolizable energy intake and milk yield and composition. Plasma concentrations of NEFAs, triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (T-Cho) were increased with CLFAs alone, but increases of plasma concentrations of TG and T-Cho were moderated by CLFAs plus RPM. Calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids increased plasma ghrelin concentration, and the ghrelin concentration with CLFAs plus RPM was the highest among the treatments. Plasma concentrations of glucagon-like peptide-1, glucagon, and insulin were decreased with CLFAs, whereas adding RPM moderated the decrease of plasma glucagon concentration by CLFAs. These results indicate that the addition of methionine to cows given CLFAs increases plasma concentrations of ghrelin and glucagon associated with the decrease in plasma concentrations of TG and T-Cho.     

几种重要饲草的脂肪酸成分分析

对紫花苜蓿、苇状羊茅、鸭茅、无芒雀麦等12个饲草样品进行了脂肪酸含量的测定,并与豆油、菜籽油和棉籽油等植物油脂肪酸成分进行了比较。结果表明,饲草中的脂肪酸以亚麻酸为主,亚油酸次之,其它脂肪酸很少。植物油中的脂肪酸以油酸和亚油酸为主,亚麻酸很少。以饲草为主配合少量植物油饲喂奶牛有利于乳脂中共轭亚油酸的合成。     

银翘天甘含药血清制备工艺的优化

本研究通过单因素试验和响应面分析设计优化银翘天甘醇提物制剂含药血清的制备工艺,研究采血时间、给药次数及给药浓度对小鼠血清中绿原酸含量的影响。结果表明,银翘天甘醇提物制剂含药血清最佳制备工艺条件为:给药浓度为0.024 g/mL,给药4次,于最后一次给药后33 min采血。此条件下含药血清中绿原酸含量达到33.34μg/mL。     

两种方法所获鸭破骨细胞数量及活性比较

对直接从鸭骨髓腔机械分离的成熟破骨细胞（osteoclasts,OC）和由鸭骨髓来源单核细胞融合成的OC样多核巨细胞（multinucleatedgiantcells,MNGCs）进行培养,分别进行抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶（tartrate-resistantacidphosphatase,TRAP）染色并计数,扫描电镜观察象牙片吸收陷窝,比较了2种方法获得0C的骨吸收功能。结果显示,2种方法均能分离培养出TRAP阳性且具有骨吸收功能的多核OC,但直接分离获得的成熟OC骨吸收功能更强。     

利用析因法测定产蛋鸡必需氨基酸需要量、模式及模型

本研究是3期饲养试验内容的概括和总结，目的是使所建立的估测产蛋鸡必需氨基酸（EAA）需要模型具有广泛的适应性和准确性。对394只罗曼蛋鸡的试验数据进行多元回归分析。根据食入的每个EAA（主要包括赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、色氨酸、苏氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、缬氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、胱氨酸、酪氨酸）与产蛋、维持和增量所需的相应EAA的回归关系，测定相应的回归系数，建立了估测每个EAA需要的数学模型，可估测产蛋鸡在任何生产条件下每个EAA的需要量及模式。另外．本试验还建立了指数曲线模型（R2为0．71），唐它来描述食入EAA与产蛋量间的关系比较恰当，不过，用来估测产蛋鸡EAA需要量时，其估测值与实测值的吻合度没有桥因法好（R2为0．80）。     

酚酸类物质对黄瓜幼苗生长及保护酶活性的影响

 以对羟基苯甲酸和苯丙烯酸为代表性酚酸类物质 ,研究其对黄瓜幼苗生长和保护酶活性的影响。结果表明 ,该 2种酚酸物质对黄瓜幼苗的生长有抑制作用 ,鲜重、株高、茎粗、叶面积均有减小 ,随处理浓度的增加抑制作用增强 ,苯丙烯酸比对羟基苯甲酸具有更强的抑制作用 ;与对照 (CK)相比 ,2种酚酸物质对过氧化物酶 (POD)活性的影响呈现出先升高、然后下降 ,最后低浓度处理有回升趋势而高浓度无回升趋势 ;对过氧化氢酶 (CAT)活性的影响则呈现出低浓度处理其活性先升高、然后下降、最后回升的变化趋势 ,高浓度处理首先表现为活性降低、然后略有升高、最后下降而无回升趋势 ;对超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性的影响表现出首先高于CK ,然后逐渐下降低于CK ,最后低浓度处理逐渐回升趋于CK ,而高浓度处理无回升趋势。高浓度酚酸类物质使丙二醛 (MDA)含量增加     

Secretion of Homoarginine into the Gut of Chickens

Angkanaporn, K., Ravindran, V., Mollah, Y. and Bryden, W.L., 1997. Secretion of homoarginine into the gut of chickens. Veterinary Research Communications, 21(3), 161-167A technique, based on the homoarginine present in guanidinated proteins, has been used to distinguish between endogenous secretions and exogenous dietary amino acids in the ileal digesta of monogastric animals. This technique assumes that the ingested homoarginine is not recycled into the small intestine after absorption, but this assumption is yet to be experimentally validated in chickens. The secretion of homoarginine into the gut of broilers that were intravenously infused with 20 and 40 mmol/L homoarginine solutions was assessed. The plasma concentrations of homoarginine increased with increasing concentrations of homoarginine infused. However, only negligible levels of homoarginine (7.0 to 45.2 µg/g dry matter) were found in the digesta. Less than 0.01% of the intravenously infused homoarginine was recovered in the intestinal digesta, indicating that the secretion of homoarginine into the gut of chickens was insignificant.     

天蚕素类抗菌肽抗菌性能测定及其性质研究

利用天蚕素类抗菌肽产品(有效成分为10%)检测其抗菌性能及各项抗菌性质,为今后将其应用于饲料工业打下基础。结果表明:该产品对于大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈分别为11mm、10mL、14.5mm,三者最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为4500ug/mL、3500μg/mL、3500μg/mL,此外,该产品耐热性和耐酸性效果较佳,在100℃水浴15min后或pH值为1.0仍表现出对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗性。据此试验,推荐其在试验动物日粮中添加量为3500μg/mL。     

日粮营养对动物脂肪组织基因表达的影响

脂肪组织是一个强大的分泌器官,它能分泌许多与能量、脂肪代谢相关的酶、激素等.调控能量代谢和脂肪组织生长.本文综述了日粮对动物脂肪组织中基因表达作用的研究状况.并阐述了营养成分对这些基因上下游表达的作用机制.