水稻两用核不育系育性转换与温度的相关分析

在贵阳对8个籼型水稻两用核不育系进行了间期为10－15d的分期播种，以套袋自交结实性作为育性考查指标，结果所有核不育系都有稳定不育期和可育或部分可育期表现，且育性转换明显。稳定不育期的长短因不育系不同而有差异，范围在5－33d。自交结实率与日平均气温之间的相关性表明，所有不育系都在幼穗发育的一定阶段内对温度表现敏感，大多数不育系的温度敏感时期在抽前7－24d，培矮64S在抽穗前17－30d。不同不育基因供体来源的不育系对温度敏感时期和持续时间长短存在着差异，同一不育基因供体来源的不同不育系之间，其育性对温度敏感时期和持续时间长短也不相同。     

渝矮籼型水稻核不育花粉细胞学观察

渝矮籼型核不育水稻,由于花药毡绒层细胞在单核期间迅速解体,造成花粉营养供应障碍而导致败育,属典败型花粉。     

Male sterility in soybean: Occurrence,molecular basis and utilization

In plants, male sterility (MS) is a specific breeding target trait. With the advancements in agriculture, utilization of heterosis breeding in hybrid production through MS lines has become the main breeding tool of various cross‐pollinated and even self‐pollinated crops. Soybean is an essential source of oil and protein; however, the low yield is a major factor limiting its development. Soybean MS mainly comprises cytoplasmic‐nuclear MS and nuclear/genic MS (NMS/GMS), which can effectively utilize heterosis to improve soybean yield. This review outlines the recent research progress on the development of new genetically MS lines, exploring the underlying molecular mechanism of MS, identification and cloning of MS and fertility restoration genes, and the application of MS lines. We further discussed and prospected the future developmental scenario direction of the soybean MS, based on the previous studies of other crops sterility system. Moreover, this review also provides comprehensive information for better application of MS to soybean breeding programme.     

萍乡显性核不育水稻临界温度值及其温度敏感期的研究

利用人工气候箱研究了萍乡显性核不育水稻临界温度值及其温度敏感期。试验结果表明高温诱导萍乡显性核不育水稻纯合不育株和杂合不育株育性转换的临界值均为27℃～ 28℃, 说明高温诱导萍乡显性核不育水稻育性转换不存在显性不育基因的剂量效应; 萍乡显性核不育水稻育性转换温度敏感期在花粉母细胞形成期至减数分裂期, 即抽穗前18～ 12 d;同时, 讨论了该不育材料的实际应用问题。     

Introgression of Gene for Non-Pollen Type Thermo-Sensitive Genic Male Sterility to Thai Rice Cultivars

For the two-line hybrid rice system, pol en sterility is regulated by recessive gene that responds to temperature. The recessive gene controlling thermo-sensitive genetic male sterility （TGMS） is expressed when the plants are grown in conditions with higher or lower critical temperatures. To transfer tgms gene（s） control ing TGMS to Thai rice cultivars by backcross breeding method, a male sterile line was used as a donor parent while Thai rice cultivars ChaiNat 1, PathumThani 1, and SuphanBuri 1 were used as recurrent parents. The BC2F2 lines were developed from backcrossing and selfing. Moreover, the simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers were developed for identifying tgms gene and the linked marker was used for assisting selection in backcrossing. The identification lines were confirmed by pol en observation. The results showed the success of introgression of the tgms gene into Thai rice cultivars. These lines will be tested for combining ability and used as female parent in hybrid rice production in Thailand.     

染色体工程技术在小麦雄性不育研究和杂种优势利用中的应用

染色体工程技术主要包括染色体的添加、削减和代换。随着科学技术的不断发展，现代生物技术亦融入到染色体工程技术，赋予染色体工程以新的内容，不仅包括在染色体组、染色体和染色体片段水平上所进行的染色体遗传操作，而且涵盖了染色体原位杂交、染色体微切割和人工染色体等新技术。本文阐述了染色体工程技术在小麦雄，巨不育研究和杂种优势利用中的应用，其主要有：(1)育性基因的定位，如育性基因的单体、缺体、端体和缺四体分析等；(2)外源育性基因的染色体鉴定；(3)核型雄性不育的染色体保持技术；(4)育性载体染色体的定向替换等。本文还对染色体工程技术研究应用进展进行了分析与展望。     

爪哇稻Wanilava细胞质雄性不育系的创建及AFLP指纹图谱分析

初步鉴定了爪哇稻Wanilava细胞质雄性不育系的特征特性,并以2套水稻（Oryza sativa）同核异质材料273JW（爪哇型胞质不育系）、273D（D型胞质不育系）及其对应的保持系273B, 803JW（爪哇型胞质不育系）、803WA（野败型胞质不育系）及其对应的保持系803B为研究对象,利用AFLP 分子标记技术构建了JW型不育胞质的指纹图谱,分离了JW型胞质与野败型胞质及保持系的差异片段。     

水稻雌雄不育突变体Osfma2的细胞学观察及基因图位克隆

【目的】通过构建分离群体定位并克隆水稻雌雄不育基因OsFMA2,并对其在水稻育性调控中的功能进行探究。【方法】通过EMS诱变水稻宁粳4号得到稳定的不育突变体,对突变体进行表型及细胞学观察,利用精细定位和Mut-map相结合的方法克隆了水稻雌雄不育基因OsFMA2,通过实时荧光定量PCR检测其在各组织表达水平差异,利用水稻原生质体表达系统进行OsFMA2蛋白的亚细胞定位。【结果】细胞学观察发现突变体为雌雄不育。利用极端个体将其精细定位于水稻第6染色体长臂448 kb的区间内。结合全基因组重测序结果,最终确定OsFMA2为目标基因。该基因编码一个复制蛋白,在单子叶植物中高度保守。OsFMA2具有组织特异性,在幼穗中高表达。亚细胞定位结果显示OsFMA2蛋白定位于细胞核中。【结论】OsFMA2在幼穗中高表达,可能参与了水稻雄配子第一次减数分裂前期同源重组过程,同时,OsFMA2的表达对雌配子发育也产生了不利影响。