青岛百合小孢子发生和雄配子体的形成

采用石蜡切片技术和铁矾-苏木精染色方法,研究了珍稀濒危植物青岛百合小孢子发生和雄配子体形成过程。结果表明:青岛百合有6枚雄蕊,每个花药具4个花粉囊。花粉囊壁发育属基本型,由6层细胞构成,即表皮、药室内壁、中层和绒毡层,绒毡层细胞发育为腺质绒毡层。小孢子母细胞减数分裂的胞质分裂为连续型。小孢子在四分体中的排列为四面体型、左右对称型和十字型。成熟花粉粒为2-细胞型,具1个萌发沟。花粉粒在整个发育时期有不同步现象,相差1～2个时相。     

杂交水稻制种提高结实率的研究

杂交水稻制种不同于水稻栽培、其结实由柱头外露结实和非柱头外露结实两部分构成；空壳中90％以上是由于没有授粉受精造成的：90％以上的受精拉都能正常发育结实。柱头外露率和受精率与结实率呈显著正相关。后期施肥、父本大龄秧和机械授粉能有效地提高柱头外露率、花遇优度和结实率及制种产量。     

叶用型沙棘育种研究--“蒙×中”沙棘F1代雄株变异特性与选优标准的研究

通过对蒙古沙棘亚种优良品种与中国沙棘亚种优良类型F1代雄株的变异特性分析,建立了选择优 良单株的标准,为叶用型沙棘选择育种提供了科学依据。     

粳型光敏核不育系与常规粳稻杂交后代育性的遗传分析

在分析粳型光敏核不育系与粳稻品种杂交组合F_3及以后世代部分株系的育性和基因型的基础上,对分离世代各种主基因型的育性及频率分布进行了估计,验证了根据F_1、F_2和BF_1代作出的水稻光敏核不育性及其育性恢复的遗传涉及核内2对独立的主基因的遗传结论。由F_6以上高世代株系中测选出对农垦58s恢复效应有明显差异的两种纯合单显性可育株系,获得了存在两个不同恢复基因的遗传证据。     

甘蓝型油菜波里马细胞质雄性不育与隐性细胞核雄性不育的遗传比较

甘蓝型油菜波里马细胞质雄性不育与隐性细胞核雄性不育受２套完全不同的基因系统控制。所被研究的波里马细胞质雄性不育的保持系和恢复系均带有隐性细胞核雄性不育的２对主效恢复基因Ｍｓ１和Ｍｓ２。２个隐性细胞核雄性不育系均是波里马细胞质雄性不育的保持系，不带有主效恢复基因Ｒｆｃ，但带有一定数目的温度敏感基因Ｔｓ。Ｍｓ１或Ｍｓ２与Ｒｆｃ是独立遗传的     

白菜型油菜异源细胞质雄性不育的选育研究

利用甘蓝型油菜波里马细胞质雄性不育系，与白菜型油菜优良自交系进行种间杂交，轮回杂交，回交及多代选育，育成了白菜型油菜异源细胞质雄性不育系１８００Ａ，２８１８－２等。经观察，育性基本稳定。通过两年的测交，已找到了７个不同来源的恢复源，初步实现了细胞质雄性不育的三系配套。     

思茅松无性系种子园花期观察初报

通过对思茅松种子园16个无性系花期观察,结果表明:①球花在开放过程中有明显的外部形态特征和颜色变化,单个雄球花序和整个雄球花序簇开放是从基部至顶部;雌球花开放是由花顶部至基部开放,闭合时顺序相反。②不同无性系间雌雄球花期起止时间和持续时间存在一定的差异;多数无性系内散粉期与授粉期具有同步性,散粉期包含于授粉期内。③同一无性系内不同分株间花期同步性较好。④同一植株不同方位花期差异不明显,而不同层次雌球花有一定的差异,雄球花差异不大。     

暗期间断对光敏感雌性不育苎麻活性氧代谢的影响

在短日照(10 h/d)处理的光敏感雌性不育苎麻的暗期进行红光和远红光间断暗期的处理,并对叶片和雌性花器官的活性氧相关酶的活性和膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量测定。结果表明,红光处理诱导雌性败育,远红光处理则雌性可育。败育株叶片的过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均高于可育株,但败育节位的MDA含量较低;败育株各节花蕾中POD活性较高,正在发育雌蕾的SOD和CAT活性亦高于可育株,但在败育节位下降到可育株水平,MDA含量则升高并超过可育株。暗示光敏色素调节了雌花活性氧代谢的失衡,而且与诱导雌性败育相关。     

早熟松散型花椰菜新品种优松58的选育

优松58是以细胞质雄性不育系HZ-28为母本,以自交系HL-94为父本配制而成的早熟松散型花椰菜一代杂种。华北地区秋露地从定植至收获60 d(天)左右。株型半直立,生长势强,叶片椭圆形,深绿色,叶缘多波浪;花球半球形,白色,球面光滑,花梗绿,口感脆嫩、甜,品质优,单球质量1.0 kg左右。常规栽培平均每667 m~2产量2 000 kg以上,可适当密植,田间对霜霉病、黑腐病的抗性强于对照津松62,适合北京、天津、河北、河南、山东、安徽等地秋季露地栽培。     

Season-specific varietal management as an option to increase rainfed lowland rice production in East African high altitude cropping systems

Due to land expansion and an increase in productivity, rice production in sub-Saharan Africa has been growing at a rate of 6% in the past decade. Rainfed rice production systems have accounted for a large share of this expansion. In these systems, the potential growing period not only depends on the length of the rainy season and thus water availability, but is often, especially in the highlands of East Africa, bordered by the onset of the cool period of the year, when low minimum temperatures compromise rice yields. The objective of this study was to investigate the yield potential of 30 rice varieties contrasting in crop duration and cold tolerance in the highlands of East Africa, with its limited length of growing period. A field trial was conducted in the cropping seasons in 2016 and 2017 at the Fogera rice research station, Ethiopia. As a function of the onset of rains, rice was sown mid-July in 2016 and early July in 2017. Early sowing in 2017 led to an extended crop duration and significantly lower yields of the short-duration varieties, and to a shortened duration and significantly higher yields of the medium- and long-duration varieties, when compared to late sowing in 2016. Late sowing compromised yield of the medium- and long-duration varieties because of low temperatures during booting stage, which led to high spikelet sterility. Early sowing resulted in low yields of the short-duration varieties, probably due to low solar radiation during the cloudy rainy season, which coincided with the vegetative stage. Therefore, choice of variety should be a function of the variable onset of the rainy season and related sowing date. However, crop models precisely calibrated for potential varieties and the respective environmental conditions could fully support the selection of a suitable variety, depending on the date of sowing, for example with the help of online tools or smartphone applications.