Major histocompatibility complex and mate choice in the polygynous primate: the Sichuan snub‐nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana)

The highly polymorphic genes within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) not only play a major role in immunity resistance, but also seem to provide hints for mate choice in some animal populations. In the present study we investigated MHC‐related mate choice in a small natural population (group size 40–55 individuals) of a polygynous primate, the Sichuan snub‐nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana). We found that there was no evidence either for MHC‐disassortative mating, or for females to mate with males based on MHC heterozygosity or specific alleles. Nevertheless, of the 11 alleles identified, we found that the frequencies of 2 alleles, Rhro‐DRB2 (P < 0.01) and Rhro‐DRB5 (P < 0.05) were higher in offspring than in their parents. These findings suggest that MHC‐DRB in this population of R. roxellana is unlikely to be associated with mating preferences. Limited female opportunities for mate choice are likely due, in part, to the harem breeding structure present in R. roxellana, and the relatively small number of resident adult males in our study band (N = 4–6). In addition, we suggest that differences in the frequency of particular alleles across generations may be linked to parasite resistance in a fluctuating environment; however, confirmation of this finding requires further study.     

真鲷幼鱼狂游症病毒病原学初步研究

应用电子显微镜观察真鲷幼鱼内脏组织超薄切片。发现真鲷幼鱼脾脏存在大量病毒颗粒。病毒颗粒直径约１２０ｎｍ，呈六角形，有一层蛋白质外壳。核心主要为核心酸。病毒颗粒主要位于细胞核内。感染的细胞肿胀，比正常细胞增大５－６倍。在肠组织超薄切片中也发现少量形态相同的病毒颗粒。     

园林测量实践教学体系的构建与运用

从剖析实践教学过程中存在的现实问题出发,结合学校及专业实际情况,以重庆三峡职业学院园林技术专业为例,提出了一套完整、专业特色鲜明,可操作性强的实践教学体系,并取得了一定的教学成果,也为我国部分地方本科院校相关专业由学术型教育转向应用型教育提供了一定的借鉴意义。     

农林经济管理专业会计学课程的教学模式创新研究

分析了非会计专业和会计专业的教学差异,在此基础上提出了提高农林经济管理专业的会计学课程教学效果的几点建议。旨在通过改进和调整课程教学方法和策略,培养符合专业要求的专门人才,构建符合特点的教学模式。     

渝东南土壤pH值与烟叶主要元素相关性分析

通过对渝东南烟区植烟土壤及烟叶成分进行分析,明确土壤pH值对渝东南烟区烟叶质量风格的影响.以渝东南典型烟区彭水、武隆两县149份土壤样品及其对应的烤后中部烟叶样品为材料,分别对植烟土壤pH、中部烟叶全钾、全磷、全氯、B 、Mn、Fe 、Cu、Ni、As等元素含量分布特性及相互关系进行研究.结果表明:(1)彭水、武隆两县植烟土壤以酸性土壤(4.5＜pH≤5.0)为主,最适宜烤烟种植的pH所占比例分别为26.2％ 、36.8％,不同乡镇间土壤pH值总体差异性不大;(2)两县烟叶中各元素含量具有差异性,总体变异幅度以Cu、As、全氯、Mn较大,以全磷最小,且不同乡镇之间烟叶各元素含量不尽相同;(3)土壤pH值与中部烟叶各元素含量之间存在相关性,其中全磷含量与土壤pH显著正相关,Mn、Cu含量与土壤pH值显著负相关,Ni含量与土壤pH值极显著负相关.渝东南烟区植烟土壤酸化现象较为严重,通过改良酸化土壤在一定程度上可改善当地烟叶品质.     

基于生态视角的粮食主产区利益补偿估算研究

为了更加有效地衡量粮食主产区发展粮食生产支付的成本,改变现行的与过去农业税计税面积挂钩的各项经济补偿方法提供帮助,采取从生态视角人手的方法,在虚拟水补偿、碳吸收补偿和土壤有机质含量下降补偿三者相结合的基础上,构建了粮食主产区利益补偿估算模型.利用全国最大的粮食生产省份黑龙江省2011年的数据,带入估算模型得到了水稻、小麦、玉米、大豆的单位重量补偿金额,进而换算成单位面积补偿金额,对估算数据进行了简要说明,并对今后的进一步研究提出了展望.     

Photoperiod influences the growth, food intake, feed efficiency and digestibility of red sea bream (Pagrus major)

Two consecutive trials were conducted to investigate the effects of photoperiod manipulation on growth rate, food intake and feed conversion efficiency (Trial 1), and the digestibility of nutrients and energy (Trial 2) in red sea bream, Pagrus major (body weight 19–120 g). Fish were exposed to four photoperiods (6L:6D, 12L:12D, 16L:8D and 24L:0D) with light intensity 1500 lx on the water surface. The fish were fed with a commercial diet to apparent satiation. In Trial 2, 0.5% chromic oxide (Cr₂O₃) was used as an inert marker. Significantly higher weight gain and specific growth rates were observed in fish exposed to a 24L:0D photoperiod followed by 16L:8D, 6L:6D and 12L:12D photoperiods (P < 0.05). Food intake and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) were also significantly higher in fish exposed to 24L:0D followed by 16L:8D, 6L:6D and 12L:12D photoperiods (P < 0.05). Fish exposed to 24L:0D and 16L:8D photoperiods showed significantly higher lipid and energy digestibility than those exposed to a 12L:12D photoperiod (P < 0.05). The results demonstrated that the enhancement of growth performances under 16L:8D and 24L:0D photoperiods were attributed to improved appetite, greater food intake and higher feed conversion efficiency as well as higher digestibility.     

鼓浪屿重点历史风貌建筑植物资源及外来入侵植物的调查分析

福建省鼓浪屿于2017年获准列入世界文化遗产名录。为保护鼓浪屿岛上117栋重点历史建筑及其植物资源,本文通过实地走访、标本收集与鉴定,针对建筑周边（围墙、墙体和院子）的植物资源及岛上的外来入侵植物进行了调查分析。结果表明：建筑周边植物有97科292种,资源总数比较丰富,但以常见的绿化苗木居多。其中,出现频次高的科依次是桑科、凤尾蕨科、菊科、酢浆草科、大戟科、紫葳科、荨麻科、茄科、禾本科、无患子科。出现频次最高的种是小叶榕（Ficus microcarpa L.f.）,分布在90栋建筑,占建筑总数的76.92%。出现在50%以上建筑内的植物还有蜈蚣凤尾蕨（Pteris vittata L.）、酢浆草（Oxalis corniculata L.）、猫爪藤[Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.) A. Gentry]、冷水花（Pilea notata C. H. Wright）等。周边植物最丰富的是黄荣远堂（39科59种）,其次为褚家园（35科48种）。岛上主要入侵植物有25科42种,其中,菊科种类最多,占16.67%,原产美洲的种数量达29种,属于有意引入的外来入侵植物31种,占73.81%。外来入侵植物优势种有猫爪藤[Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.) A. Gentry]、红瓜[Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt]、鸡矢藤（Paederia foetida L.）、爬山虎[Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Sieb. et Zucc.) Planch]、五爪金龙（Ipomoea cairica Hand.-Mazz.）等5种。小叶榕及几种外来入侵植物优势种对建筑的墙体、围墙甚至全岛具有入侵蔓延趋势。     

“四念四化”构建校企合作育人模式的探索与实践——以内蒙古商贸职业学院食品加工技术专业为例

食品加工技术专业是典型的应用型专业,人才培养目标是应用型高技能人才,其培养目标的关键是强化实践教学,搭建好校企合作平台,从而达到实践育人、协同育人的目的。内蒙古商贸职业学院食品加工技术专业以选择具有管理水平一流、生产工艺先进、研发能力领先的食品制造类高端企业,通过引企入校、工学交替、理实一体教学提高了学生的培养质量,同时创新形成了“四念四化”的教育教学模式。