长荚辣木新品种‘中林3号’

 ‘中林3号’是从缅甸引种的辣木中,经家系测定和区域化试验选育出的新品种。果荚长且粗,籽粒大。果荚平均长度49.2 cm,平均质量110 g。果肉质量与果荚质量比约83%,盛果期单位面积嫩果年产量可达30 000 kg · hm^-2。适于生产食用鲜豆荚。     

作物生长条件下农田水盐运移模型

将农田水、盐运移与作物动态生长这一大系统分解、组合,分别建立了饱和—非饱和土壤水分运动、土壤盐分运动及农作物生长３个子模型,分析了３个子模型之间的动态耦合关系,并给出了相应的求解方法,结合实例进行分析,结果表明,实测资料与计算结果吻合较好,为节水灌溉和防治盐渍化提供了新的决策途径。     

沈阳冬麦试验气候代表性研究报告

本文充分利用马氏平方距离的广义性,使之成为冬麦试验年与历史年代温度条件的气候差异的综合要素指标,并运用马氏距离的可检验性,通过辗转运算方式筛选相似年,对试验阶段的气候代表性进行鉴定。最终确定沈阳１９９１～１９９７年冬麦试验的气候代表性为８８％,为冬麦北移提供了气候依据。     

黄山松群体酶基因遗传变异的研究

应用等位酶分析法,分析了１８个林分群体（小群体）２８０多株黄山松种子胚乳的ＥＳＴ和ＭＤＨ酶的酶基因。结果表明：ＥＳＴ酶受３个基因位点调控,其中２个位占 有等位基因５个、４个,平均为３．５８个;ＭＤＨ酶受４个基因位点调控,其中３个位点各有等位基因３个、５个、５个,平均为２．８１个。基因位点均是多态的。等位基因在群体中的分布不同。ＥＳＴ酶基因位点的平均期望杂合度为０．５６２,ＭＤＨ酶基因位点的平均期望     

N mineralization parameters of sandy arable soils

The objective of this study was to experimentally investigate net N mineralization in sandy arable soils and to derive adequate N mineralization parameters for simulation purposes. Long‐term incubations at 35 °C were done for at least 200 days with 147 sandy arable soils from Northwest Germany. To cumulative net N mineralization curves the simultaneous two‐pool first‐order kinetic equation was fitted in order to differentiate between N mineralization from an easily decomposable, fresh organic matter pool (N_fast) and from a slowly decomposable pool (N_slow) of more humified OM. North German loess soils served as a reference, since available model parameters were mainly derived from those soils. Although curve patterns in sandy soils often somewhat deviated from typical double‐exponential patterns, the mineralization equation generally could be fitted. Two pools were clearly revealed, but a transfer of the standard parameters was found to be not appropriate — except maybe for the pool size of the fast decomposable N pool. The mean k_fast at 35 °C (0.1263 d^—1) is about 46% higher than the known ’︁standard’ loess value, indicating better conditions for decomposition of fresh residues at this temperature. The mean k_slow at 35 °C (0.0023 d^—1), which is 60% lower than reported earlier from loess soils, and much lower mineralization rates of the slowly decomposable N pool give reason to the presence of generally more resistant organic material in these sandy soils. The relation between N_slow and total N was found to be not close enough to derive the pool size of slowly decomposable N just from total N as done for loess soils. Reducing the variability is necessary, promising approaches exist. The eight reference loess soils revealed — on an average — the known N mineralization parameters.     

土壤-植物系统中硒的生物有效性及其影响因素研究进展

硒的生物有效性是决定硒在土壤-植物系统中转运、积累的关键因素,然而目前关于该方面研究进展还缺乏系统的总结和论述。本文结合赣南富硒脐橙调查研究结果,以硒在土壤-植物系统中的运移为切入点,系统总结和论述了硒在土壤-植物系统中的氧化-还原、吸收、转运过程,探讨了土壤理化性质、微生物、施肥、农艺管理和植物生长阶段等对硒生物有效性和迁移的影响,并提出未来硒的研究热点：土壤微生物活性与硒生物地球化学循环的耦合关系;植物生长、果实品质与硒代谢相关的分子机制;结合同位素示踪技术和薄膜扩散梯度（DGT）技术原位探究硒在生物地球化学中的归趋。本综述可为土壤硒生物有效性调控、植物体系中硒的有效积累和农艺生物强化富硒措施方面的研究提供理论参考。     

施肥方法对改善肥料氮素运移及肥效的影响

通过改进宁南黄土丘陵区旱作农田施肥的三种方法与现行两种施肥方法的对比试验研究,结果表明.改进后的施肥方法不仅能减少农田春麦系统中氮素NH3挥发,土壤残留,和不明途径损失,而且能显着提高氮肥利用率,从而使“三高一低”的氮素运移特征得到明显改善,同时还能提高肥料的增产作用.在三种改进的施肥方法中以1/4基肥+1/2深追+1/4叶喷的方法,效果更好.     

Is Guam a regional source,destination, or stepping‐stone for larvae of three fisheries species?

The pelagic larval duration (PLD) period of fish can influence dispersal, recruitment, and population connectivity, thereby potentially informing best strategies for fisheries management. Computer models were used to simulate the dispersal of larvae of three species, representing a range of PLDs, from the Pacific island of Guam and neighboring islands for a 9‐year period (2004–2012) to gain insight into the best management strategies for these species. The species included two springtime spawners with shorter and longer PLDs, scribbled rabbitfish (Siganus spinus; 33 days) and yellowfin goatfish (Mulloidichthys flavolineatus; ~90 days maximum), and a fall spawner with a similarly long PLD, bluespine unicornfish (Naso unicornis; ~94 days maximum). An ocean circulation model coupled with a particle dispersal model provided simulated numbers of larvae settling at each island in relation to the island where they were spawned. Graph analysis was used to examine generational connections between islands. For S. spinus, self‐seeding was the dominant means of replenishment at Guam. Local management actions to maintain adequate spawning stock may be a primary control on long‐term sustainability for that fishery. In contrast, N. unicornis and M. flavolineatus populations at Guam were reliant on outside sources for 92%–98% of larval supply. For them, identifying and negotiating the preservation of upstream spawning potential in the Marshall Islands and Federated States of Micronesia will be needed. Guam played a relatively minor role in generational connectivity across the region. Shortest paths spanning the region often did not pass through Guam, or there were equally short paths through other islands.     

Factors influencing fallback by adult Atlantic salmon following transport into a novel river reach

Transport of salmonids allows upstream migrating adults to bypass barriers to migration, for example hydroelectric dams or adverse habitats. Downstream movement (“fallback”) after transport is common and removes individuals from spawning populations, with possible detrimental consequences for population productivity. Time‐to‐event analysis was used to determine effects of fish characteristics, transport conditions and environmental variables on fallback by adult Atlantic salmon transported to an inaccessible river reach as a population enhancement strategy on the Rivière Sainte‐Marguerite Nord‐Est (Québec, Canada). Of 68 salmon transported, 19 exhibited post‐transport fallback within seven days of transport. Fork length (FL) was the only factor that increased risk of post‐transport fallback; there was a 5% increase in the proportion of large salmon (≥780 mm FL) exhibiting post‐transport fallback relative to individuals of median size (750 mm FL). Although the present study was limited by small sample size, the findings will help inform design of transport programmes in freshwater systems.