冬小麦黄矮病防治

冬小麦因品质好、产量高、适应性强,近几年在我省河湟温暖区麦类作物结构调整中种植面积迅速扩大,但是,北方冬小麦种植区普遍存在黄矮病,而且有些地区非常严重,为此加强冬小麦黄矮病的防治与研究,是扩大冬小麦种植面积和增产稳产的关键所在。     

四翅滨藜在干旱荒漠区的引种表现

对引种到河西走廊地区的四翅滨藜生态适应性进行了研究,结果表明,四翅滨藜不仅具有饲料营养价值高、生长速度快、生物量大等多种优良特性,而且是适合在甘肃河西乃至西北荒漠、半荒漠地区栽培的耐干旱、耐寒冷和耐盐碱的一种饲料灌木,将在改善生态环境和发展畜牧业等方面具有很大的发展潜力。     

东北东部山区次生林经营技术研究

文章以东北林业大学帽儿山林场为例,对东北东部山区次生林经营技术进行了研究,结果表明,森林蓄积量的增长必须长期坚持合理采伐,通过人工和天然的途径,采取多种综合技术和措施,使林地面积、活立木蓄积、动植物资源储备量等系统资源大幅度增加。提出了效果显著的10项技术措施。     

晋西黄土区林草复合系统土壤养分分布特征及边界效应

以晋西黄土区典型刺槐×天然草复合系统为研究对象,分析复合系统土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷和速效钾含量的分布特征及边界效应,旨在为该地区植被恢复、土地合理利用和林草复合系统的可持续经营提供一定的科学依据.结果表明:1)复合系统内土壤养分分布不平衡,不同斑块类型土壤养分含量存在差异,在0～20 cm土层体现得尤为明显;2)土壤...     

基于农作制分区的1985—2015年中国小麦生产时空变化

Comparing spatio-temporal variation characteristics of China’s wheat production, yield, sown area and yield-area-contribution in different farming zones in the past 30 years could help improving wheat planting layout and adjusting planting structure. Concentration index, rate of change, moving of gravity and resolution of yield-area-contribution were used to analyze spatio-temporal changes of China’s wheat production and yield-area-contribution based on county wheat production statistics including sown area, production and yield from 1985 to 2015. The wheat sown area decreased obviously in Northeast farming region, Northwest farming region and South farming region and increased rapidly in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region and Yangtze Plain farming region. In Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, the concentration indexes of Haihe Plain farming region, Huang-huai Plain farming region and Fenwei Basin farming region reached to 20.64%, 25.77%, and 21.65% respectively in 2015. Wheat production increased significantly by more than 48 milliontons in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, and nearly 8 million tons Yangtze Plain farming region but decreased by more than 2.6 million tons in Northeast farming region. In Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, wheat production was concentrated in Haihe Plain farming region, Huang-huai Plain farming region and Yuxi Hill farming region. The average wheat yield continuously improved during the study period, Huang-Huai-Hai farming region and Northwest farming region had the yield increase up to 103.5 kg hm ^-2 and 92.9 kg hm ^-2 each year. Wheat yield in Yuxi Hill farming region, Fenwei Basin farming region and Haihe Plain farming region was relatively high in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region. The yield-reduced area was mainly caused by the decreasing of sown area, while the yield-area-contribution rate was different in yield-increased area. Yield-dominant counties were reduced, area-dominant counties were increased and yield-area-dominant counties were relatively steady. In production increased area, yield-dominant and yield-area-dominant counties were the main types in Huang-Huai-Hai Farming region, area-dominant and yield-area-dominant counties were the main types in Yangtze Plain farming region. Chinese wheat production was increasingly concentrated in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region which has high and rapid increase of wheat yield over the past three decades. Haihe Plain farming region, Huang-huai Plain farming region and Fenwei Basin farming region were the most concentrated areas in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region for wheat production during this period. Wheat yield and sown area jointly promoted the increase of wheat production in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, wheat sown area was the crucial factor to increase wheat production in Yangtze Plain farming region, especially in the north of Jiangsu, Anhui province and greater part of Xinjiang.     

不同灌溉方式对棉田土壤物理性质的影响

以新疆生产建设兵团125团滴灌、沟灌、漫灌的棉田土壤为研究对象,分别测定不同灌溉方式棉田土壤的比重、容重、孔隙度以及团聚体结构和机械组成等物理性状.结果表明:棉田不同灌溉方式对其土壤各种物理性状产生了不同程度的影响.比重、容重表现为漫灌＞沟灌＞滴灌,而孔隙度则反之;土壤团聚体中粒径小于0.25 mm的微团聚体占了较大比重,良好结构团聚体的含量表现为滴灌＞沟灌＞漫灌,而微团聚体则相反;土壤机械组成中砂粒的含量占了较大比重,而砾石没有,砂粒、粉粒的含量均表现为漫灌＞沟灌＞滴灌,而粘粒则表现相反.     

浅谈寒带植物基因资源的基因库保存

分析黑龙江寒带植物基因资源保存的现状,寒带植物基因资源保存中存在的问题及原因,阐述黑龙江植物基因库保存基因资源的必要性。     

西部12省市农村居民生活消费支出现状的比较研究

选取西部12省市的农村居民和各地区农村居民家庭平均每人生活消费支出的数据,采用面板数据模型分析居民收入结构对生活消费支出的影响实证研究。结果表明：农村居民的工资性收入、家庭经营纯收入、财产性收入和转移性收入对生活消费支出都有显著影响,且财产性收入和转移性收入的边际消费倾向都大于1。     

土地利用对亚热带红壤区典型景观单元土壤溶解有机碳含量的影响

 【目的】在亚热带典型景观尺度上系统分析土地利用方式对土壤溶解有机碳（DOC）含量的影响。【方法】分别以广西肯福和湖南盘塘作为亚热带红壤低山与红壤丘陵典型景观单元,对两个景观单元进行密集采样（0～20 cm）分析。【结果】红壤低山和红壤丘陵景观单元土壤DOC的平均含量分别为（159.2±75.8） mg•kg-1和（90.035.4） mg•kg-1,其中低含量样本均以稻田土壤为主,其平均值分别为（46.7±14.9） mg•kg-1和（68.023.1）mg•kg-1。高含量样本以旱地、果园和林地土壤为主,红壤低山景观单元旱地、果园和林地土壤DOC含量分别比稻田土壤高271%、278%和315%,红壤丘陵景观单元比稻田土壤高37%、69%和77%。土壤溶解有机碳与土壤总有机碳的比值（DOC/TOC）显示,两个景观单元稻田土壤DOC/TOC值（0.24%和0.44%）亦明显低于其它利用方式土壤（0.90%～1.50%）。【结论】土地利用方式影响土壤DOC含量,同一景观单元长期处于淹水条件下的稻田土壤DOC含量明显低于旱作土壤（如旱地和果园）,林地开垦为旱地或果园后土壤DOC含量降低。同时土壤DOC含量存在区域差异,位于亚热带南部的红壤低山景观单元土壤DOC的含量明显高于北部的红壤丘陵景观单元。     

不同生态环境条件下豌豆的结瘤状况

[目的]研究不同生态环境条件下豌豆的结瘤特性。[方法]通过野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法,研究甘肃的武威、临夏、庆阳、定西,青海的格尔木、互助,陕西的子洲、延安8个生态类型区豌豆的结瘤状况。[结果]结果表明：青海的格尔木、甘肃的临夏豌豆的总根瘤数较多,临夏的有效根瘤数及有效根瘤率较高;陕西子洲的结瘤状况最差,有效根瘤数最少。[结论]旱作区的长期干旱和灌溉区的间隙性干旱不利于根瘤菌的侵染和结瘤。