病菌侵染对番茄果实乙烯生成,ACC合成酶和脂氧合酶活性的影响

 本文以红熟期的番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)果实为材料,主要研究病菌侵染与果实中乙烯生成,ACC合成酶和脂氧合酶(LOX)的关系,以及不同乙烯处理对感病果实ACC合成酶和脂氧合酶(LOX)活性的影响。结果表明:用葡萄孢菌(Botrytis cinerea)接种采后番茄果实在25℃下存放7d后,感病果实的乙烯释放量显著增加,ACC合成酶和脂氧合酶(LOX)活性也明显提高。在贮藏环境中增加乙烯吸收剂可明显地延缓葡萄孢菌的发病,而且ACC合成酶和LOX酶的活性也相对较低。由此证明病菌侵染与果实乙烯释放量,以及与ACC合成酶和LOX酶之间存在明显的正相关     

Induced Resistance to Rice Blast by Antagonistic Bacterium, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Serratia marcescens </Emphasis>Strain B2

An antagonistic bacterium, Serratia marcescens strain B2, controlled rice blast after being sprayed onto rice phylloplane, as did the bacterial suspension when poured into rhizosphere soil of rice plants. Three days after root treatment, rice blast conidia were sprayed onto rice foliage. A week after pathogen inoculation, rice blast was suppressed and lesions caused by the pathogen decreased in size. Brown deposits were observed around sites of pathogen infection after root treatment. Induced resistance was not associated with an increase in the activitiy of peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, tyrosine ammonia lyase, β-1,3-glucanase, β-1,4-glycosidase, N-acetylhexosaminidase or chitinase. However, lipoxygenase levels were elevated after the root treatment with strain B2 following inoculation with the pathogen. Strain B2 was not detected in rice foliage after root treatment. These data suggest that strain B2 induced resistance against rice blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae. Received 1 November 2001/ Accepted in revised form 25 January 2002     

Biocontrol strain of Bacillus subtilis AF 1 rapidly induces lipoxygenase in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) compared to crown rot pathogen Aspergillus niger

Metabolic products of polyunsaturated fatty acids have been variously implicated in control of microbial pathogens. Induced resistance has been shown as one of the mechanisms of biological control by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). This paper reports a significant lipoxygenase (LOX) activity in groundnut seedlings with production of 13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HPODE) and 13-hydroperoxyoctadecatrienoic acid (13-HPOTrE) as major products with linoleic acid (LA) and -linolenic acid (ALA), respectively. Both the hydroperoxides are inhibitory to the growth of Aspergillus niger as measured in micro titer plates. Ours is the first report on induction of LOX activities in groundnut on treatment with a PGPR strain Bacillus subtilis AF 1, and with crown-rot pathogen, A. niger. Treatment with B. subtilis AF 1 enhanced LOX levels in groundnut similarly but earlier to A. niger – treatment. This induction of LOX during activation of growth and pathogen infection was discussed in light of the reported involvement of LOX both in growth and development as well as in plant-pathogen interaction, particularly induced disease resistance.     

高等植物脂氧合酶研究进展

脂氧合酶是植物十八碳酸代谢途径的关键酶,在不同高等植物中脂氧合酶生理特性略有不同。该酶作用的产物对植物的生长发育及其对环境胁迫的反应具有重要的影响,一直是人们研究的热点。因此,文章就高等植物脂氧合酶酶学特性、生理学功能及分子生物学方面的研究进展进行了综述。     

脂氧合酶在香蕉果实成熟过程中的作用

[目的]探讨脂氧合酶(LOX)在香蕉果实成熟过程中的作用.[方法]选取1 000 μ L·L-1丙烯处理采后不同时间(采后10 h和48 h)的香蕉果实,并分析果皮中MaLOX、MaACS和MaACO等基因表达,LOX活性变化,乙烯释放及其与果实成熟的关系.[结果]采后48 h的香蕉果实,经丙烯处理后果皮中LOX活性及...     

大豆脂氧化酶与种子劣变关系的研究

大豆存在和缺失脂氧化酶同功酶近等基因系种子,含水量分别为14％和12％左右,在冰箱（0－2℃）和室温下贮藏3－6个月。结果表明,在冰箱贮藏条件下,无论脂化酶存在或缺失,含水量高（14％左右）或低（12％左右）种子油脂酸、碘价及种子活力均变化不大。在室温条件下贮藏,脂氧化酶存在比缺失近等基因系种子酸价明显高,碘价降低,活力指数也降低较大,这种变化在含水量较高的情况下更加明显。由此可见,脂氧化酶在贮藏温度较高、含水量较高的条件下,对种子劣变有促进作用。     

Diversity and geographical distribution of seed lipoxygenase‐1 thermostability types in barley

To understand the diversity in the thermostability of the seed lipoxygenase‐1 (LOX‐1), 1040 cultivars of worldwide barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare) genetic resources were investigated. The relative thermostability of LOX‐1 (LOX‐RTS) in these lines showed a bimodal frequency distribution and these lines were categorized into the high and low thermostability types (H‐type and L‐type, respectively). The H‐type lines predominated in the wild progenitor, ssp. spontaneum. The geographical distribution of these types in the cultivars was surveyed. The frequencies of the H‐ and L‐types were almost equal to one another in southwestern Asia. The occurrence of the H‐type predominated in eastern Asia and Africa, whereas in Europe and Turkey, the L‐type did. The predominance of the L‐type in Europe and Turkey can be understood through the hypothesis that the Fertile Crescent domestication contributed the majority of diversity in Europe. The uneven geographical distribution of the LOX‐1 thermostability types in the cultivars may reflect a polyphyletic origin of barley.     

Response dynamics of three defense related enzymes in cotton leaves to the interactive stress of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) herbivory and omethoate application

In order to explore the response dynamics of the activities of defense related enzymes in cotton leaves towards the interactive stress of Helicoverpa armigera herbivory and omethoate application, the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), lipoxygenase (LOX), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) were examined from 6 to 126 h after cotton leaves were treated 12 h of H. armigera herbivory, and then sprayed with 800 mg L–1 omethoate. The results showed that the changes in the activities of PAL, LOX and PPO that occured under the interactive stress of H. armigera herbivory and omethoate application reflected the interactive effects of the two stresses on cotton defense. The similarity between the response dynamics of PAL, LOX, and PPO activities in cotton leaves under the interactive stress and that under H. armigera herbivory treatment alone showed that the induction of H. armigera herbivory on the activities of PAL, LOX and PPO in cotton leaves played a leading role in the interactive effects, and the effect of omethoate application played only a minor role. A joint factor analysis was performed according to a method which has been used to analyze the joint toxicity of pesticides; this analysis sought to clarify if there was a synergistic, antagonistic, or additive effect on PAL, LOX, and PPO activity in cotton leaves resulting from the interactive H. armigera herbivory and omethoate treatment. In the interactive effect on the response of PAL activity in cotton leaves, antagonistic effects of the omethoate application towards H. armigera herbivory were observed at 6 and 12 h. Synergistic effects were then observed at 18 and 30 h. Antagonistic effects were observed from 54 to 78 h and synergistic effects were finally observed at 126 h. The correlation between H. armigera herbivory and omethoate application in the interactive effect on cotton defense responses of LOX activity also fluctuated from synergism to antagonism during the time course. In the interactive effect on PPO activity, only antagonism was observed between H. armigera herbivory and omethoate application. In the interactive stress of H. armigera herbivory and omethoate application on cotton defense responses, omethoate affected the defense responses of cotton to H. armigera herbivory by producing antagonistic and synergistic effects. These results will be useful to understand the relationship between host plant and herbivorous pest.     

大豆种子脂肪氧化酶的缺失对其农艺性状的影响

为探明大豆种子脂肪氧化酶的缺失是否会对大豆的农艺性状造成影响,对从中国南方10省（市）征集的174份大豆种质资源中筛选出的种子脂肪氧化酶缺失体与非缺失体材料和从国外引种的缺失体近等位基因系农艺性状间的差异进行了研究,结果表明,大豆种子脂肪氧化酶的缺失对开花期、生育期、株高、节数、分枝数、单株荚数、单株粒数、单株产量、百粒重、害虫危害种子程度、脂肪和蛋白质含量等主要农艺性状都没有明显影响,对大豆资源的统计分析结果表明,大豆种子脂肪氧化酶的缺失频率与生态类型无关,与籽粒颜色、形状和脐色有关。     

鲫的挥发性成分

新鲜鲫具有以草腥味、泥土味等混合的气味,其强度以内脏最强,皮次之,肌肉最弱。采用GC－嗅觉感官试验和GC－MS鉴定分析结果表明：同鲫特征气味最为相关的成分为己醛;其他相关物质有1－戊烯－3－酮、2,3－戊二酮、1－戊烯－3－醇、反－2,顺－4－庚二烯醛、1－门牌烯－3－醇、1,5－辛二烯－3－醇等C5－C8的羰基化合物和醇类。鲫的鱼皮和鳃的粗酶液中存在着类脂肪氧化酶活性,由底物花生四烯酸生成3种C8挥发性成分。