去势公兔腥味物质及其脂氧合酶同工酶的研究

应用改进的NPT技术提得去以兔与正常公兔兔肉腥味物质，经气－质联谱比较分析，初步确定中级醛类是兔肉腥味物质的主导成分。用非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测去势公兔与正常公兔体内脂氧合酶（LOX，亚油酸：氧氧化还原酶，EC1．33．11．12）同工酶的变化，结果显示，公兔去势后体内缺少了一种LOX同工酶，LOX同工酶Ⅰ可能与兔肉腥味的产生有关。     

稻瘟菌诱导的稻叶脂氧合酶的纯化及部分氨基酸序列测定

 作者对已报道的稻瘟菌诱导稻叶脂氧合酶CM-LOX 1和CM-LOX 2的纯化方法作了进一步改进和完善。改进后的纯化方法可缩短该脂氧合酶的纯化时间,并提高纯化倍数。利用改进的方法,作者从20 g非亲和性稻瘟菌小种接种稻叶中获得了电泳纯的酶蛋白CM-L OX 1 133 μ g和CM-LOX 2 208μg。在此基础上,采用特异性的蛋白酶endoproteinase Lys-C和溴化氰对该酶蛋白进行了裂解,回收其肽段,得到了CM-LOX 1的3个不同肽段共30个氨基酸和CM-L OX 2的7个不同肽段共87个氨基酸的序列,为最终克隆这2个酶的基因奠定了基础。     

运输中的机械损伤对贮藏初期苹果活性氧代谢的影响

通过测定红富士苹果运输损伤后的生理生化变化,发现机械损伤不仅使果实表面出现褐色斑块,果实呼吸强度迅速增加,而且细胞内促进活性氧产生的脂氧合酶的活性增加,果皮增加的幅度高于果肉;具有消除自由基作用的SOD和CAT的活性在损伤后也突然升高,但在损伤后第2～6天活性逐渐下降,同时,损伤后POD活性、MDA含量以及膜透性都有显著的增加,说明机械损伤破坏了膜的完整性、促进了脂质过氧化的产生,导致衰老性状的提前出现。本试验从理论上进一步证明减少运输中的机械损伤对延长贮藏寿命、提高果品品质具有重要的意义。     

水杨酸对采后桃果实脂氧合酶及相关指标的影响

水杨酸 (salicylicacid ,SA)是一种植物体内产生的简单酚类化合物 ,广泛存在于高等植物中。已发现 ,外源施用SA可诱导某些植物开花和产热 ,诱导烟草和黄瓜等植物对病毒、真菌及细菌等病害的抗性 ,Raskin( 1 992 )提出SA可以被看作是一种新的植物内源激素 ,其作用和机制受到人们的关注。外源SA处理对园艺产品采后的作用研究还较少 ,仍有许多问题尚待探讨。本试验以 2个不同品种的桃果实为试材 ,研究了SA处理后果肉组织脂氧合酶活性以及其他相关指标的变化 ,并测定了果肉的硬度 ,为进一步探讨桃果实采后成熟衰老机制 ,改进现有贮藏方式提…     

果实成熟软化机理分子生物学的研究进展

果实成熟软化是一个复杂的发育调控过程,其间经历了一系列生理生化变化,同时概述了果实成熟软化过程中相关酶及乙烯等因素分子生物学方面的研究进展.     

热空气处理诱导冷藏橄榄果实抗冷性及其与膜脂代谢的关系

【目的】研究热空气处理对冷藏橄榄果实抗冷性的影响及其与脂氧合酶（LOX）活性和膜脂脂肪酸组分变化的关系。【方法】采后‘檀香’橄榄[Canarium album (Lour.) Raeusch cv. Tanxiang]果实38℃热空气处理30 min,采用0.015 mm厚的聚乙烯薄膜袋密封包装,在（2?1）℃下贮藏。贮藏期间定期测定橄榄果实冷害指数和细胞膜透性,果皮LOX活性和膜脂脂肪酸组分。【结果】与对照果实比,38℃热空气处理30 min降低冷藏橄榄果实冷害指数、细胞膜透性和果皮LOX活性,提高果皮棕榈油酸（C16:1）、亚油酸（C18:2）和亚麻酸（C18:3）等不饱和脂肪酸相对含量,降低肉豆蔻酸（C14:0）、棕榈酸（C16:0）和硬脂酸（C18:0）等饱和脂肪酸相对含量,抑制果皮脂肪酸不饱和指数和脂肪酸不饱和度下降。【结论】热空气处理通过降低冷藏橄榄果实果皮LOX活性而减少膜脂不饱和脂肪酸的降解,维持较高的膜脂脂肪酸不饱和程度,从而增强橄榄果实抗冷性、减轻冷藏橄榄果实冷害的发生。     

四川不同产区烟叶脂氧合酶活性及基因表达水平的差异

为烟叶香气物质形成机制的研究提供参考,以云烟87和红花大金元2个烤烟品种为试验材料,在四川6个产区采用田间试验研究烤烟旺长期、现蕾期和成熟期烟叶的脂氧合酶活性、基因表达量差异及其相关性。结果表明:在四川6个产区2个烤烟品种不同生育期的脂氧合酶活性及其基因相对表达量存在差异,但变化趋势相同,并多在现蕾期达最高,且各产区云烟87和红花大金元烤烟不同生育期烟叶的LOX酶活性差异多达显著水平。在旺长期和现蕾期云烟87烟叶LOX基因的相对表达量与LOX酶活性呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.96和0.97;在成熟期呈不显著正相关,相关系数为0.14。在旺长期、现蕾期和成熟期红花大金元烟叶的LOX基因相对表达量与LOX酶活性均呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.98、0.95和0.97。烟叶脂氧合酶活性与其基因相对表达量呈正相关关系,且在旺长期、现蕾期和成熟期其相关性均达到极显著水平。     

Breeding of tetra null soybean (Glycine max) for lipoxygenase,kunitz trypsin inhibitor,lectin, and 7S α' subunit proteins

Soybean seed includes various bioactive substances. Also, they contain a variety of antinutritional factors including lipoxygenase, Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI), lectin, and 7S α' subunit proteins. The genetic removal of these proteins will improve the nutritional value of soybean seed. The objective of this research was to breed new soybean with tetra recessive alleles (lox1lox2lox3/lox1lox2lox3‐ti/ti‐le/le‐cgy1/cgy1) for lipoxygenase, KTI, lectin, and 7S α' subunit proteins. Seven parents were used to breed tetra null strain. SDS‐PAGE and Western blot analysis were used to determine the presence or absence of lipoxygenase, 7S α' subunit, KTI, and lectin proteins in mature seed. Tetra null soybean line has a purple flower, determinate growth habit, tan pod, and yellow seed coat colour. Stem height of the breeding line was 62.3 cm. The 100‐seed weight of the breeding line was 27.1 g and yield (t/ha) was 2.84. This is the first soybean strain with lox1lox2lox3/lox1lox2lox3‐ti/ti‐le/le‐cgy1/cgy1 genotype (absence of lipoxygenase, KTI, lectin, and 7S α' subunit proteins).     

Distribution of Enzymes in Wheat Flour Mill Streams

The distribution of alpha -amylase, protease, lipoxygenase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase in wheat roller flour mill streams was studied. Break flours had relatively less alpha -amylase and protease activity than reduction flours both on flour weight and a protein basis. Among the different flour streams, the 5^thand 6^threduction passage had the highest alpha -amylase activity, while the 4^threduction passage had the highest protease activity. The lipoxygenase activity was concentrated mostly in the last break and the reduction streams, whereas polyphenol oxidase activity was highest in break flour streams. Peroxidase activity was distributed unevenly among the different mill streams. The lipoxygenase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase were highly concentrated in different bran fractions. Except for protease, the other enzymes were concentrated in the «atta», a milling by-product comprising refined flour, bran and shorts; and are least active in semolina (farina).     

Lipid composition and post-wounding degradation in potato slices from cultivars differing in susceptibility to autolysis

Summary The effect of cutting on lipid content and degradation were compared in tubers of potato cultivars resistant (Acresta, Aminca, Eba) or susceptible (Kastor, Pana, Tasso) to autolysis. Susceptible cultivars showed greater degradation of lipids and phospholipids as well as higher activity of lipid acyl-hydrolase. No significant differences were detected in the activity of lipoxygenase in the tissues of the studied cultivars.