新疆天山西部岩面生地衣群落最小面积的初步研究

我们采用Sφrensen和Kulcinsky平均相似性系数，研究了分布在天山西部山脉的岩面生地衣群落的最小面积。结果表明，岩面生地衣群落的定性和定量最小面积分别为30－60cm^2和40－70cm^2，同时证明了整体取样技术适合岩面生地衣的植物群落学研究。     

新疆哈熊沟森林公园岩面生地衣生态位的研究

为了查明新疆哈熊沟森林公园岩面生地衣对环境资源的利用特点，设置16个样点，利用生态位宽度和生态位重叠值指数，分析40种岩面生地衣的生态位。结果表明，地衣种群之间的重叠现象比较普遍，但大部分重叠值偏低，重叠值较高的物种大都分布于相同样点，且相同样点盖度相似，聚类分析也发现海拔分布相近的种群聚在一起，它们对生境要求有很大的相似性。从生态位宽度值可知，亚分枝黄梅、蓝灰蜈蚣衣、淡肤根石耳、碎茶渍、包氏平茶渍等的Shannon-Wiener和Levins生态位宽度较宽，对环境适应能力强，但是大部分地衣种群的生态位宽度偏窄，分布范围小。生态位宽度与生态位重叠值之间无明显相关。此外，地衣对环境的变化比较敏感，不同的环境资源会影响地衣的生态分布，应重视地衣在不同环境资源梯度上的生态位的研究，从而为保护地衣多样性提供可靠依据。     

Moss and lichen decomposition in old-growth and harvested high-boreal forests estimated using the litterbag and minicontainer methods

Bryophytes and lichen are important components of many boreal forest ecosystems, making the quantification of moss and lichen decomposition rates critical to understanding the C cycle of these forests. Cryptogam decomposition has been predominantly studied in wetlands, while few studies exist for forest-habitat mosses and even fewer for foliose ground lichen. We used a) the litterbag and b) the minicontainer (MC) method to quantify the decomposition rates of i) feathermoss, ii) forest peatmoss, iii) foliose ground lichen, and iv) alder leaves (reference litter) in cool, wet high-boreal Labrador black spruce forests. A total of 1560 litter samples (360 litterbags, 1200 MCs) were incubated for two years in six forest stands of different disturbance origin: three old-growth stands of wildfire origin, and three recently clearcut stands. Litter samples were retrieved after 6.5, 13, 47, 57 and 109 weeks of field incubation, and analysed for mass loss, C, N, nutrient, and fibre content.While clearcut harvesting had no significant effect on litter decomposition at all, decomposition rates significantly differed between litter types, with residual mass increasing in the order alder ≤ lichen < feathermoss ≤ peatmoss. Compared to wetlands, forest moss litter was more labile in the studied forest types, with lichen producing especially fast-decomposing litter. Litter type was a better predictor of decomposition rates than individual chemical parameters, indicating that, even in extreme climates like in Labrador, substrate quality is more important in determining decomposition rates than environmental factors. For all litter types, decomposition models accounting for the seasonality of decay dynamics performed better than models assuming constant or continuously decreasing decay rates. Compared to the litter bag method, which yielded decomposition rates comparable to previous studies, the MC method overestimated decomposition rates for alder and lichen due to fragmentation artefacts. The small sample size of the MC method therefore outweighs its statistical advantages arising from ease of replication. In order to derive reliable estimates of litter decomposition, both the field incubation method and the applied decomposition model must therefore be selected to suit the studied litter types.     

贵州省珍稀濒危地衣的初步研究

对贵州省珍稀濒危地衣资源进行研究,报道了珍稀濒危地衣5种,隶属于5属5科,分别为:多根皮果衣(Dermatocarpon intestiniforme( K(o)rb.) Hasse.)、武陵鸡皮衣(Pertusaria wulingensis Z.T.Zhao&Z.S.Sun)、大维氏斑叶(Cetrelia davidiana W.L.Culb.&C.F.Culb.)、东亚疱脐衣梵净变种(Lasallia asiae-orientalis Ashaina.var.fanjingensis Wei.)、丛生树花(Ramalina fastigiata (Pers.)Ach.).并描述了各种的形态、化学特征、地理分布、保护价值等.     

香樟树上的地衣状况对杭州市空气污染梯度的指示

在过去的25年,树木上的地衣已被广泛地用作空气污染状况的指示物,并已有大量的报道,主要在欧洲和北美的温带地区使用这一技木,在其他地区(包括香港)也可广泛应用。1987年5月11日至17日,英中双方于中国林科院亚林所举办了“应用真菌学教程”培训班,在此期间,安排了这一实验。     

Nepalese non-timber forest products: An analysis of the equitability of profit distribution across a supply chain to India

The collection and sale of non-timber forest products is a major source of livelihood in some regions of Nepal. The research reported in this paper compares the resource rent or contribution margin of collectors, village traders, Nepali wholesalers and Indian traders for two highly traded non-timber forest products of Nepal, namely asparagus and lichen. The causes of inequitable margins are investigated, and measures for increasing equity within the supply chain are identified. The research revealed that the margin of asparagus collectors was higher than for the lichen collectors, as lichen was subjected to the high transaction costs of illegal exports. Furthermore, collectors who stayed overnight in the forest during the collection period (overnight-stayers) to reduce travelling time had a higher margin than those who went home every day after collection (non-overnight-stayers). In four distinct trading chains analysed, Nepali wholesalers and Indian traders captured most of the resource rent. The difference in collection costs between overnight-stayers and non-overnight-stayers does not affect the margin of other stakeholders in the value chain. It was hypothesised that the inequity is exacerbated by a low level of understanding of marketing among collectors, and this is confirmed by survey results. It is argued that the margin of collectors could be increased by providing training, technical support, market and price information, and other forms of institutional support.     

两种南极地衣提取物抗氧化能力的初步研究

探讨2种南极地衣--夹心果衣和Ramdina terebrata甲醇提取物的体外抗氧化能力,采用亚油酸氧化体系、二苯代苦味酰自由基体系、还原力试验对其抗氧化活性进行测定,并同VC、丁基甲氧基苯酚进行比较.结果显示,供试南极地衣具有相当高的抗氧化活性,且呈剂量依赖关系.其中,夹心果衣的脂质过氧化抑制率和自由基清除率很高;Ramalina terebrata的DPPH自由基清除能力很大.这表明夹心果衣中含有活性较高的物质,有待于进一步研究.     

新疆特殊生境下微生物资源

概述了新疆大型真菌、新疆豆科植物根瘤菌、新疆陆生固氮蓝藻、新疆地衣、新疆极端环境微生物等5类微生物资源的研究进展和研究意义,同时指出了新疆微生物资源研究目前存在的两个重要盲区,即新疆非豆科植物共生固氮菌和新疆菌根真菌资源的研究,提出了这两个盲区研究的价值、意义、必要性和紧迫性。     

新疆博格达山岩面生地衣物种多样性

为了查明新疆博格达山岩面生地衣物种多样性及其分布特征,在研究区内的不同垂直带随机设立样方采集地衣标本,使用形态解剖观察和化学检测法鉴定地衣种类;以地衣的盖度为指标计算多样性和相似性系数。结果表明:博格达山地区共有岩面生地衣37种,隶属于11科21属,其中壳状地衣种类占优势,充分体现了岩面生地衣对干旱环境的适应特征。通过相似性指数的分析得知,山地荒漠带和高山垫状植物带的岩面生地衣相似性最高,为0.682和0.517。山地针叶林带和高山垫状植被带岩面生地衣相似性最低,分别为0.250和0.127。多样性指数显示岩面生地衣的多样性在低海拔和高海拔带较低,而中海拔带较高的特征。研究表明,博格达山独特而复杂的环境为地衣提供多种栖息地,从而丰富了地衣多样性。其中山地森林带微环境多样,岩面生地衣物种多样性最为丰富,是岩面生地衣的核心分布区。山地荒漠和草原带人为干扰较多,导致地衣种类的减少。     

托木尔峰自然保护区朽木生地衣物种分布特征

为进一步确定影响朽木生地衣物种分布的环境因素,在托木尔峰自然保护区的北坡海拔1 950~2 750 m地带选择18个样地对朽木生地衣物种多样性及其物种分布格局进行了研究。结果表明,地衣种类的多样性和朽木径阶、海拔和腐蚀阶段之间有显著的相关性。地衣种类与朽木径阶的相关性系数R~2为0.624 7,50~75 cm径阶的朽木上地衣的多样性最大。地衣群落的结构和物种组成随着海拔高度发生变化,其相关性系数R2为0.776 8,一般在海拔1 950~2 150 m的地带朽木上地衣群落的物种丰富度最高。不同腐蚀阶段的朽木上地衣种类和丰富度间存在显著性差异。