Foliar lifespan,phenology and seasonal dynamics of the invasive shrub Schinus terebinthifolia

Schinus terebinthifolia is a dioecious tree native to South America that has become an invasive weed in Florida, southern California, southern Arizona, Texas and Hawaii and has been naturalised in over 20 countries. Biological control is considered a viable long-term control option for S. terebinthifolia because release from natural enemies appears to be at least partly responsible for its success in Florida. We examined leaf phenology of S. terebinthifolia over a period of 15 months at five sites in central and southern Florida to provide information that may help in predicting the impacts of potential biocontrol agents for this weed. We documented leaf lifespan, the seasonality of leaf development and abscission and the survivorship of leaves that emerged during either spring, summer or autumn. Average leaf lifespan was >4.5 months at all sites, and leaf phenology followed the seasons closely. Although S. terebinthifolia possesses leaves throughout the year, leaf production was greatest from April to September, and most leaves were abscised in February and March. Spring- and summer-emerging leaves were also longer-lived than leaves produced during autumn. These results suggest that leaves of S. terebinthifolia would be most vulnerable to herbivory during the spring and summer months when newly growing leaf tissue is most plentiful. Biocontrol agents capable of damaging these tissues during spring/summer might be an effective means of controlling this invasive weed.     

温室内赤苞花和黄虾花叶片解剖结构及光合特性研究

为研究温室内两种爵床科植物叶片解剖结构及光合特性,本试验选取青岛世界园艺博览会植物馆内的两种爵床科植物,赤苞花(Megaskepasma erythrochlamys Lindau)、黄虾花(Pachystachys lutea Nees)为研究对象,用石蜡包埋法对两种植物的叶片进行解剖分析,使用CIRAS-3便携式光合仪测定其光合特性。结果表明,爵床科的两种植物在相同的环境中,叶片的内部结构相似,上表皮均厚于下表皮,海绵组织均厚于栅栏组织。光合指标存在差异,赤苞花的蒸腾速率、气孔导度、细胞间CO₂浓度均大于黄虾花,但黄虾花的水分利用率、净光合速率大于赤苞花。     

桑叶对动物健康的作用及在动物生产中的应用

桑树作为传统中药材的来源,具有抗炎、杀菌等作用,这与桑树各部位中含有多糖、多酚、生物碱等生物活性成分有关。桑叶具有易采集及生物量大的优点而得到了最多关注。桑叶中多糖、多酚等生物活性物质具有降血糖、降血脂、增强免疫、增加抗氧化能力的作用,因此桑叶或其提取物应用于动物生产中对动物的健康有积极影响。桑叶粗蛋白含量高、氨基酸比例均衡,可替代一部分蛋白原料应用于畜牧生产中。但桑叶中抗营养因子含量较高,因此以发酵或青贮后饲喂动物为宜。综述了桑生物活性成分对动物糖脂代谢、抗氧化能力及免疫力的影响,并通过总结桑叶在畜禽及水产动物生产中的研究进展,阐述了桑叶在改善肉质、调节动物机体免疫及提高动物抗氧化能力等方面的作用。     

激素和热水处理对姜荷花种子发芽的影响

【目的】以姜荷花杂交种子为研究对象,通过不同浸种处理试验,打破姜荷花种子休眠,缩短姜荷花育种周期。【方法】利用激素、热水组合处理的方式,设置不同的浓度和浸种时间,以清水为对照,在 28 ℃条件下采用培养皿滤纸法催芽 60 d,统计发芽势和发芽率。【结果】与对照相比,外源激素和热水处理均能有效打破姜荷花种子休眠,使其提前 1 个月开始发芽。外源激素浸种试验中,400 mg/L GA3 浸种处理效果最好,发芽势和发芽率分别为 29.3%、50.7%;80 ℃热水浸种 5 min 效果最好,发芽势和发芽率分别为 10.3%、17%,但部分种子出现烫死现象;在组合浸种处理试验中,60 ℃热水浸种 10 min + 400 mg/L GA3 浸种 24 h 为最佳的处理组合,发芽势为 40.7%,播种 60 d 发芽率达到 64.3%。【结论】激素和热水组合处理对姜荷花种子解除休眠的效果显著优于其他处理,浸种后种子发芽提前,出苗更加整齐,适合育种实践中推广应用。     

常见景天高温胁迫细胞伤害率试验

以7种常见景天科多肉叶片为材料进行温度梯度处理,用电导率法测定细胞伤害率,观察供试材料对高温胁迫的耐受性。结果表明,55℃是姬秋丽、薄雪万年草、黄丽、胧月、八宝景天的细胞伤害率跃升临界温度,60℃是佛甲草和垂盆草的跃升临界温度。供试景天种类的叶型大小和取样方式不影响试验结果。     

抗战时期贵州茶政及其影响研究

贵州省境温暖湿润,素号山国,历史上茶业经济发达.1840年后,由于列强入侵,社会动荡,茶树多被放置或采伐,导致茶叶产量顿减.民国时期抗战军兴,茶叶成了政府维护国家安全和换取外汇的重要输出产品,在此前提下,民国政府积极要求发展茶叶.贵州省府采取了促进茶树栽培、改良制茶法,开办茶叶讲习所,以及与高校院所及研究机构合作等积极...     

Effect of the L-D1 alleles on leaf morphology,canopy structure and photosynthetic productivity in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

One of the most important objectives for breeders is to develop high-yield cultivars.The increase in crop yield has met with bottlenecks after the first green revolution,and more recent efforts have been focusing on achieving high photosynthetic efficiency traits in order to enhance the yield.Leaf shape is a significant agronomic trait of upland cotton that affects plant and canopy architecture,yield,and other production attributes.The major leaf shape types,including normal,sub-okra,okra,and su...     

Research on the modeling method of soybean leaf＇s structure simulation

Leaf is one of the most important organs of soybean. The modeling of soybean leaf structure is useful to research of leaf function. The paper discussed it from two aspects that were distilling method of leaf profile and establishing method of leaf simulation model. It put forward basic method of soybean leaf digital process, and successfully established simulation model of soybean leaf structure based on L-system. It also solved a critical problem in the process of establishing soybean growth simulation model. And the research had guiding significance to establishment of soybean plant model.     

不同熟期菜用大豆籽粒生化物质积累规律及适宜采摘期研究

选用36个菜用大豆品种(早熟品种8个,中熟品种14个,晚熟品种14个),在其荚果发育过程中分期取样,对不同时期鲜豆粒的蛋白质、游离氨基酸、脂肪、淀粉和可溶性糖、Vc等生化物质的含量及百荚鲜重进行了系统测定,分析其积累规律,进而确定不同熟期菜用大豆品种的适宜采收期.结果表明:早熟品种的适宜采摘期为花后35 d左右,中熟品种为40 d左右,晚熟品种为45 d左右.     

Rhynchosporium leaf scald disease incidence: seed source and spatial pattern

A programme of field trials for the study of the winter barley–Rhynchosporium commune pathosystem is reported. The associated seedborne disease rhynchosporium leaf scald is regarded as having an important impact on barley yields. The analysis in this study relates to the impact of the seed source (commercial or farm-saved seed) on disease incidence and to the spatial pattern of rhynchosporium leaf scald disease incidence. Disease incidence data were calculated from field data recorded as disease severity. Mean disease incidence was higher in the crops grown from farm-saved seed than in those grown from commercial seed, although great agronomic significance cannot be attached to this result. The spatial pattern of rhynchosporium leaf scald disease incidence was characterized in terms of the binary power law (BPL) and was indicative of an aggregated pattern. Programme-wide BPL results were described using a novel phytopathological application of a random coefficients model. These results have application in field sampling for rhynchosporium leaf scald disease.