The culturable leaf mycobiome of Viscum album subsp. austriacum

In Poland's pine forests, mistletoe (Viscum album subsp. austriacum) abundance has increased over the past 20 years. This mistletoe infestation has decreased the growth and vigour of Scots pine trees. In this study, we surveyed the culturable fungi from healthy and diseased V. album subsp. austriacum leaves from two stands in Poland. In total, 63 distinct species were identified, 99.8% of which belonged to the phylum Ascomycota. The community compositions of fungi in mistletoe leaves were similar in healthy and diseased leaves as Alternaria alternata, Aureobasidium pullulans, Botryosphaeria visci, Fusarium paeoniae and Microsphaeropsis olivacea were consistently found in leaves of all symptom types. The most frequently isolated fungus from asymptomatic leaves was M. olivacea, followed by A. alternata, A. pullulans and Hypoxylon rubiginosum. In comparison, the most frequently isolated fungi from leaves with rusty-brown necrotic spots were (in decreasing order) M. olivacea, B. visci, F. paeoniae and A. alternata, while the most frequently isolated fungi from leaves with black or dark brown spots were M. olivacea, A. alternata, A. pullulans, Epicoccum layuense and F. paeoniae. This study was the first comprehensive report showing that certain fungal species may be pathogens of V. album subsp. austriacum in Poland. This study was also the first report of F. paeoniae, F. juglandicola, Diaporthe vacuae and Heterotruncatella spartii from V. album, and the first report of D. vacuae and H. spartii in Poland.     

Outbreak of shoot blight and dieback of Eucalyptus spp., caused by Pseudoplagiostoma eucalypti in Brazil

An outbreak of a new and severe disease was observed in Eucalyptus plantations of Bahia state, Brazil. An Ascomycota fungus has been frequently associated with the main symptoms of the disease namely leaf spot, branch cankers, shoot blight, defoliation, and dieback. Based on morphological characteristics, phylogenetic analysis (ITS and TEF-1α genes), and pathogenicity test on Eucalyptus plants, Pseudoplagiostoma eucalypti was identified as the causal agent of the disease. Although P. eucalytpi has been known from in Brazil since 1998, this is the first report of it causing severe disease and die-back on Eucalyptus spp. and we also record new symptoms associated with the pathogen.     

p300/p53/Smad3 pathway involved in aging-related atrial fibrosis in human atrial fibroblasts

AIM To investigate the role of p300 in aging-related atrial fibrosis in human atrial fibroblasts （HAFs） and its potential mechanism. METHODS HAFs were obtained from human left atrial tissue, and the senescence model was established by cell passage. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase （SA-β-Gal） staining was used to detect the cell senescence, and Western blot was used to determine the protein levels of p300, p53, Smad3 and other senescence and fibrosis associated proteins in HAFs. RESULTS Compared to passage 3 HAFs, the proportion of senescent cells, and the protein levels of p300, p53, p-Smad3 and other senescence and fibrosis associated proteins were increased in HAFs at passage 7 and 11 （P<0.05）. After treated with curcumin （a p300 inhibitor） or transfection with p300 small-hairpin （sh） RNA plasmid, the protein levels of p300, and the senescence and fibrosis associated proteins were decreased in HAFs at passage 7（P<0.05）. Up-regulation of p300 by transfection with p300 over-expression plasmid increased the protein levels of p53, Smad3 and MMP-2 in HAFs at passage 3 （P<0.05）. CONCLUSION p300/p53/Smad3 signaling pathway plays an important role in aging-related atrial fibrosis in HAFs.     

枸橼种质对柑橘溃疡病的抗性鉴定

柑橘溃疡病(Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri,Xcc)是严重阻碍柑橘产业发展的世界性检疫病害,防控困难,选育抗病品种为防治溃疡病的唯一有效办法。枸橼C-05是柑橘属独特的抗溃疡病种质,为抗性机理和抗病育种提供了种质基础。为了进一步评价枸橼C-05的抗性,另外收集了13份枸橼种质,对其进行溃疡病的离体和活体抗性评价。叶片形态学观察表明,14份枸橼种质存在较大的形态学差异。采用离体与活体注射接种不同浓度的柑橘溃疡病菌,根据叶片的感病症状、病斑周围黄色晕圈大小等典型溃疡病症状,综合评价枸橼类种质的抗病性。结果表明:枸橼种质之间对溃疡病的抗性存在极大差异,溃疡病的抗性评价综合病情指数显示枸橼C-05、园香橼、矮果香橼、美国枸橼、普通枸橼和印度大果综合病情指数较小,表现为极抗病或抗病,其他枸橼种质表现不同程度的感病性;枸橼种质的抗病或感病性与其叶片形态特征无关。枸橼C-05和5个抗病枸橼种质对柑橘溃疡病具有针对性的抗性,这对进一步研究抗病机理和抗病育种具有重要意义。     

中国现有葡萄品种叶片形态评价与分析

以中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所葡萄资源圃中保存的342个葡萄品种的成熟叶片为试材,采用度量性状与非度量性状相结合的调查方法,研究了供试葡萄品种的叶宽等9个度量性状和叶片形状等8个非度量性状,以期为进一步建立葡萄种质资源叶片性状数据库奠定基础。结果表明:现有栽培葡萄品种的叶片形状主要为楔形和五角形;9个度量性状具有明显的变异性,且与长度有关的度量性状变异系数均大于16.51%;主成分分析表明与长度有关的度量性状为第一主成分,与角度有关的为第二主成分,与比值有关的为第三主成分,累计贡献率达到77.186%。     

基于正交实验的两种苦苣苔叶片扦插繁殖研究

以苦苣苔品种Primulina dryas‘Hisako’和Primulina‘Blue Mood’为试材,采用正交实验设计,分析不同因素、不同基质组分对扦插成活率、子株数、子株叶数的影响,并筛选出最优组合。探讨影响报春苣苔属扦插成活的因素,为报春苣苔属的扦插繁殖技术提供参考依据。结果表明:3种不同因素对Primulina dryas‘Hisako’成活率的影响大小为浓度>基质>叶片部位,对子株数的影响大小为叶片部位>浓度>基质,对子株叶数的影响大小为基质>叶片部位>浓度,最优组合为IBA+NAA等量混合浓度100 mg·L^-1+泥炭:珍珠岩:蛭石的体积比2∶1∶1+叶片下部。4种基质组分对P.‘Blue Mood’成活率的影响大小为泥炭>稻壳炭>蛭石>珍珠岩,对子株数的影响大小为珍珠岩>泥炭>蛭石>稻壳炭,对子株叶数的影响大小为泥炭>稻壳炭>珍珠岩>蛭石,扦插基质最优组合为泥炭、珍珠岩、蛭石、稻壳炭的体积比6∶2∶2∶1。     

龙须草叶的形态解剖特征

龙须草叶由叶片和叶鞘组成。叶片狭长条形,均长80—120 cm,最长可达2m以上,均宽0.35cm。叶片中间薄,两侧厚,横切面呈长蜂腰状,两者在禾本科中实属罕见。上表皮泡状细胞集中在中脉两侧,数量很少。叶脉维管束鞘细胞为较大的薄壁细胞,内含多数较大的叶绿体,与其外厨叶内细胞构成“花环型”,属C_4植物特征,叶鞘中脉处厚,两侧渐薄,鞘肉中通气组织很发达。     

番茄斑枯病研究概述

文章对番茄斑枯病的研究动态和进展进行了综述,包括番茄斑枯病的病症与识别、生物学信息、流行规律、防治方法、番茄苗期抗性鉴定方法及寄主抗性遗传规律等内容。     

朱顶红叶片提取物抑菌效果的初步研究

为开发利用朱顶红提供依据,研究朱顶红叶片提取物对病原真菌的抑菌作用,以石油醚和丙酮为溶剂对朱顶红叶片中的活性物质进行索氏提取,并对其提取物进行了生物测定。结果表明,其活性物质对4种病原真菌菌丝生长都表现出抑制作用,0.06 g/mL以上浓度的抑菌效果明显。相同浓度下的孢子萌发试验结果显示:活性物质除了对枇杷叶斑病菌(Pes-tulotiopsis funerea)的抑制效果较差外,对其他3种病菌孢子的萌发抑制率均在73%以上。