Effects of feeding fermented fish on egg cholesterol content in hens

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding fermented fish (FF) to layers on laying performance, and polyunsaturated fatty acid and cholesterol levels in eggs and plasma. A total of 96, 13-week-old Babcock B380 pullets were used in this study. They were randomly assigned to four numerically equal groups with eight replicates per treatment, three birds per replicate. All the birds were housed in individual cages. The dietary treatments were: Control diet, without FF; FF3 diet containing 3% (w/w) FF, FF6 diet containing 6% (w/w) FF and FF9 diet containing 9% (w/w) FF. The study was carried out for 16 weeks inclusive of two weeks of adjustment. Weekly feed intake and egg production were recorded. Blood plasma cholesterol and fatty acid profiles were assayed at the end of the experiment. FF did not enhance ( P  > 0.05) egg mass but ( P  < 0.05) decreased egg weight slightly. However, egg yolk cholesterol and plasma cholesterol concentrations were reduced ( P  < 0.05) by FF. The n-6:n-3 fatty acids ratio in the egg yolk (Control = 7.9, FF9 = 6.2) and plasma (Control = 10.6, FF9 = 6.2) were decreased by feeding FF. Moreover, FF was able to increase ( P  < 0.05) the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concentrations in egg yolk and plasma. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that FF increased DHA and reduced egg yolk cholesterol in poultry eggs.     

基于B/S结构的家蚕育种与种性维持信息管理系统

对家蚕育种亲本及其新品种性状数据档案实行信息化管理,可在家蚕育种和品种的种性维持过程中自动实现完整的信息采集、计算、调用、选择等功能。开发了一个基于B/S结构的家蚕育种与种性维持信息管理系统,主要包括品种管理、计划任务管理、饲育信息管理、蚕茧信息管理、选种信息管理、选优信息管理等功能模块。选种信息管理模块的运行过程是通过电子天平称量蚕茧质量,然后根据计算模型自动进行数据信息处理与统计分析实施选择。用户可以方便地通过网络访问该系统,实现家蚕新品种选育及种性维持工作的自动化。     

丝素膜的结构测定和分析

对脱胶丝素纤维、初生丝素蛋白膜、固定化ＧＯＤ－丝素膜结构进行了红外光谱分析。三者红外光谱图差异明显，丝素纤维为典型的丝Ⅱ（双向平行的β片层）结构，初生丝素膜的红外光谱显示无规卷曲或丝Ⅰ构型的特征，经戊二醛活化处理后制备的酶膜，在７００ｃｍ－１处有一显著吸收峰，表明其构型向β型转变，丝素膜的水溶率变化也证实了红外光谱显示的结果。     

高钙日粮对蛋鸡生产性能及出壳雏体内锌含量的影响

生长期日粮钙>3.11%,可使蛋鸡性成熟期明显延缓,开产日龄推迟;其蛋锌及子代出壳雏血锌和多数组织锌含量明显降低,但胚胎及出壳雏鸡未见畸变.出壳雏血锌含量能反映体内锌状态,可作为其评价指标.产蛋期高钙(6.11%)或低钙(0.83%)日粮均可使产蛋性能及孵化率降低.     

丙酸咪唑苯脲的研制及其对梨形虫病的治疗试验

以苯甲腈为起始原料 ,经硝化、环化、还原、缩合、成盐等五步反应合成抗梨形虫病新药丙酸咪唑苯脲 ,用 IR、UV、MS、1HNMR、13 CNMR、元素分析等对其化学结构进行了确证。UV法测定牛血药浓度及组织残留量。小白鼠 i P丙酸咪唑苯脲 ,LD50 =84.4± 1 3.5mg/kg。该药无致突变性和无致畸效应。用其治疗家畜梨形虫病 ,临床治愈率为 75%～ 1 0 0 %;预防水牛巴贝西虫病 ,试验组和对照组的发病率分别为 0 .72 %和 1 0 %,两组差异特别显著 ( P<0 .0 1 )     

阿魏酸酯酶表达体系与酶蛋白拓扑空间结构分析

阿魏酸酯酶可通过打断阿魏酸和二聚阿魏酸等酚酸类木质素成分通过酯键与植物细胞中半纤维素分子形成的致密网状交联结构,进而促进栖居在草食动物胃肠道中微生物对所进食饲料细胞壁的降解效率。作者在分析和归纳总结了产阿魏酸酯酶菌株来源、筛选方法及不同表达体系的基础上,利用生物信息学的方法,对酯酶蛋白的拓扑空间结构、系统进化及作用机理方面取得的最新研究进展进行了阐述。     

Effect of Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara on Growth Performance,Immune Function and Intestinal Structure of Broilers

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara on growth performance,immune function and intestinal structure of broilers. A total of 270 one-day-old healthy Tiejiaoma broilers were chosen and randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and 15 broilers per replicate.Control group was fed with the basal diet,group Ⅱ was fed with basal diet adding 8% flavomycin 60 mg/kg +15% aureomycin 270 mg/kg and group Ⅲ was fed with basal diet adding 1% Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara. The trial period lasted for 21 days. The results showed as follow:① At 21 days of age,the average daily feed intake of group Ⅲ was significantly lower than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference in the average daily gain and F/G among the three groups (P>0.05).②At 21 days of age,the thymus and bursa of Fabricius indexes of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05);But the spleen index were not significantly different among the three groups (P>0.05).③ At 21 days of age,the content of IgA and IgM in serum of groups Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05),and the content of IgG in serum of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05).④At 21 days of age,the content of IL-2,TNF-α and sIgA in intestinal mucosa of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05),and the content of IL-6 in intestinal mucosa of group Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P<0.05).⑤At 21 days of age,the villus height of jejunum in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05),the villus height/crypt depth of jejunum in group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ (P<0.05). However,the crypt depth was not significantly different among the three groups (P>0.05).In conclusion,that Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara could not affect the growth performance of broilers,but it could improve the development of immune organs,increase the secretion of serum immunoglobulin, promote the immune function of intestinal mucosa and intestinal morphology of jejunum.     

Mitochondrial DNA variation of the dog hookworm Ancylostoma caninum in Brazilian populations

The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene was partially sequenced for 164 Ancylostoma caninum individuals, originating from five different localities in Brazil, with the aim of describing the genetic diversity and genetic structure of Brazilian hookworm populations. Allelic and nucleotide diversity were moderate (overall h=0.88 and pi=0.016) and were similar among cities. There was moderate genetic differentiation among the populations sampled (approximately Phi(ST)=0.12) and a weak but nonsignificant correlation between geographical and genetic distance. This genetic structure was similar to that observed among populations of the human hookworm, Necator americanus, but distinct from that typically found in trichostrongylid nematode parasites of livestock. Thus, a pattern of different genetic structures among different groups of nematodes is emerging. We also observed a few individuals that had a highly divergent mtDNA sequence (almost 7% sequence divergence from the other sequences). These results in combination with data from other studies suggest that A. caninum populations worldwide consist of a mix of previously differentiated populations, or perhaps even cryptic species. This study contributes to the knowledge of genetic structure and diversity of hookworms, which in turn will be useful in developing methods for their control.     

Effects of Sodium Fluoride on the Morphological Structure of the Epididymis and the Expression of Tight Junction Genes

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of fluoride on epididymal morphological structure and mRNA expression of tight junction genes.60 healthy male mice were divided into four groups randomly, including control group (distilled water) and 25,50,100 mg NaF/L groups, respectively. After 60 days, the thighbones were collected and fluoride contents were determined by fluorine ion selective electrode method. Paraffin slides of right epididymis with HE stain were produced to evaluate epididymal morphological structure under light microscope. The left epididymis were collected to isolate total RNA and detect the mRNA expression of tight junction genes by qRT-PCR. The results showed that the fluoride contents of thighbones increased in a dose-dependent manner, and were extremely significantly higher in 50 and 100 mg/L groups than those in control group (P<0.01).NaF extremely significantly increased the thickness of cauda epididymal pipe wall in fluoride groups (P<0.01) and the Claudin-2 mRNA expressions in fluoride groups were extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01) and the ZO-1 mRNA expression in 100 mg/L group was significantly decreased (P<0.05) as compared with control group. In conclusion, excessive NaF ingestion adversely affected epididymal morphological structure and mRNA expressions of Claudin-2 and>ZO-1,which might contribute to the damage of blood-epididymal barrier.     

性成熟前小鼠生精细胞的发育过程

用光镜、电镜观察了生后 1～ 1 8d昆明白小鼠的生精上皮。结果显示 ,生后 1～ 3 d,曲细精管内只有生殖母细胞和支持细胞 2类形态结构截然不同的细胞 ,前者位于管中部 ;生后 4～ 5d,少数生殖母细胞已附着在基膜上 ;生后 6～ 7d,原始 A型精原细胞大量出现并附着在基膜上 ;生后 8d,A型精原干细胞大量出现 ,B型精原细胞开始出现 ;生后 1 0 d,B型精原细胞大量出现 ;生后 1 2～ 1 3 d,前初级精母细胞出现 ,少数曲细精管的管腔开始出现 ;生后 1 4～ 1 5d,多数曲细精管管腔基本形成 ,前初级精母细胞大量出现。本试验的结果表明 ,7～ 8d小鼠的睾丸最适于分离精原干细胞