2009年1代草地螟将为我国发生最重的世代

本文通过对草地螟(Loxostege sticticalis)发生危害规律、2009年1代幼虫的虫源数量以及温湿条件可能变化趋势的分析,对我国2009年1代幼虫的发生危害程度进行了预测。2009年1代幼虫的有效虫源面积为600万hm2,总量为43 022亿头,为2004年1代幼虫虫源数量的113倍。为此,预测2009年1代幼虫的发生危害面积将超过1 100万hm2,为历年历代最重。到时将有430万亿头幼虫危害,如不防治,将有2.15亿t的植物被吃掉。其中以东北和华北地区受害较重。同时还会波及一些与虫源区相邻、但历史上较少发生草地螟危害的地区。东北地区将会出现发生危害早,本地虫源与外来虫源混合发生,受害十分严重的现象。由于越冬成虫的羽化时期长,蛾蜂多、虫态重叠、作物多次受害的现象将十分突出。最后,本文就如何应对2009年1代幼虫大发生,减少草地螟灾害损失进行了讨论。     

印楝素对斜纹夜蛾幼虫取食行为的影响

研究了经印楝素处理后斜纹夜蛾［Ｓｐｏｄｏｐｔｅｒａｌｉｔｕｒａ（Ｆａｂｒｉｃｉｕｓ）］５龄幼虫的取食行为．结果表明：斜纹夜蛾５龄幼虫２４ｈ内发生的取食活动和取食间间隔的次数减少,平均每次取食活动和取食间间隔持续的时间延长;在每次取食活动中,用于取食的时间明显减少,这主要是因为在每次取食活动中,取食内间隔的次数增加了,并且取食内间隔的时间也延长了．所有上述有关取食行为的指标,处理虫与对照虫之间均存在显著或极显著的差异．     

长江口日本鳗鲡幼体矢耳石元素的SRXRF分析

2012年1-4 月,在长江河口靖江段采集了一批溯河洄游中的日本鳗鲡幼鱼,对其中5尾幼鱼的矢耳石进行了全耳石SRXRF分析。结果表明,SRXRF分析可精确测得14 种元素的含量,其中钙（Ca）和锶（Sr）的平均含量分别达240 215.928 μg/g和2 383.221 μg/g,是常量元素;其余12 种均属于微量元素,含量从高至低依次为钡 （Ba）、铁（Fe）、锰（Mn）、锌（Zn）、铬（Cr）、镍（Ni）、汞（Hg）、硒（Se）、钴（Co）、铜（Cu）、金（Au）、钒（V）。其中,钡（Ba）、铁（Fe）、锰（Mn）、锌（Zn）的平均含量在1～10 μg/g之间;铬（Cr）、镍（Ni）、汞（Hg）、硒（Se）、钴（Co）、铜（Cu）、金（Au）、钒（V）的平均含量在1 μg/g以下。从元素的空间分布及全部测试点的含量分析来看,矢耳石内钙（Ca）和锶（Sr）的变异系数仅为10.11 %和21.83 %,是含量最稳定的元素;锰（Mn）、锌（Zn）、铬（Cr）、镍（Ni）、钴（Co）、铜（Cu）的变异系数在23.11 %～35.88 %之间;钒（V）、汞（Hg）、铜（Au）和钡（Ba）的变异系数均超过50%;硒（Se）的变异系数达134.31 %,是含量最不稳定的元素。研究还发现,日本鳗鲡幼体从海洋到淡水洄游的过程中,耳石中锶（Sr）与钙（Ca）的比值变化存在较长时间的时迟现象。     

不同饵料和饥饿对魁蚶幼虫生长和存活的影响

在水温23.2-24.0℃,盐度29.5-30.0条件下,研究了5种单胞藻饵料和饥饿对魁蚶浮游幼虫生长与存活的影响。投喂不同饵料试验中,球等鞭金藻与4种单胞藻混合投喂试验组幼虫的特定生长率、眼点幼虫比例和壳长均显著高于单一投喂试验组,其中球等鞭金藻与小球藻混合投喂的效果最好;投喂单一饵料试验中,球等鞭金藻组幼虫的生长、眼点幼虫比例与存活率显著高于其它试验组。在饥饿试验中,不同饥饿天数条件下幼虫的存活率差异不显著;生长方面,饥饿1-2d较短时间与一直投喂对照组的幼虫相比较,特定生长率、眼点幼虫比例、壳长的差异不显著,但随着饥饿时间延长,幼虫的生长变慢且眼点幼虫比例下降,一直饥饿情况下幼虫的生长基本停滞。研究结果可以为魁蚶人工苗种繁育技术的改进提供参考依据。     

白僵菌感染桑天牛幼虫致病过程的显微观察

为了探讨白僵菌(Beauveria bassian)与寄主桑天牛(Apriona germari)间的相互作用方式及关系,采用扫描电镜观察了白僵菌分生孢子在桑天牛幼虫体表的侵染及穿透过程。结果表明,白僵菌分生孢子接种后8 h就可以附着于桑天牛幼虫体壁,12 h时可见孢子萌发产生芽管和附着胞,16 h即可穿透幼虫体壁;桑天牛幼虫体壁不同结构区影响白僵菌分生孢子萌发速度、附着胞形成以及芽管长度,与幼虫体壁的其它结构区相比,在幼虫体表节间膜处的白僵菌分生孢子萌发早,生长更快,并且孢子不会从幼虫体表的气孔侵入;已死亡虫体的表皮、气门均发生畸变。     

Symblepharon secondary to ophthalmomyiasis externa in a dog

A 4-month-old crossbred female dog presented with complaints of poor vision and odd appearance of the eyes. At the age of a month, the animal was found lying in a railway road in a very bad condition and was rescued from death. At that time, the patient was presented with severe bilateral ocular discharge, and from both eyes, dipterous fly larvae were extracted. The dog was given symptomatic treatment (deworming, topical and systemic antibiotics, nutritional support) but never regained a normal eye appearance. At the time of the initial presentation, it had severe vision impairment because of bilateral cicatricial symblepharon, total in the left eye and occupying 3/4 of the cornea in the right eye. Surgery was proposed to attempt a resolution. Superficial keratectomy was performed in both eyes. After a midline incision in the cornea, the conjunctiva was dissected away. The conjunctiva was apposed to and sutured to the limbus and secured in the upper and lower conjunctival fornix. Additionally, in the left eye, a lateral canthotomy and canthoplasty were performed to enlarge the size of the eyelid opening. The corneal epithelium healed without complications, the patient regained vision, and after 36 months of follow-up, no recurrences were observed. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of symblepharon secondary to ophthalmomyiasis externa in a dog.     

Effect of methoprene on the progeny production of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

BACKGROUND: Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) is a serious insect pest of stored products around the world. Current control measures for this species have several limitations: loss of registration of insecticides, insecticide resistance and consumer concerns about chemical residues in food. The objective of this study was to determine whether methoprene affects progeny production of T. castaneum. Late‐instar larvae or young adults were exposed to methoprene‐treated wheat, and progeny production was determined. The pairing of male and female adults was performed as untreated × untreated, treated × untreated or treated × treated, to study sex‐based effects. RESULTS: There were three outcomes to late‐instar larvae held on methoprene‐treated wheat kernels (0.001 and 0.0165 ppm): (1) failure to emerge as an adult; (2) emergence as an adult, and almost no offspring produced; (3) emergence as an adult and normal production of offspring. Male larvae were more susceptible to methoprene than female larvae. In contrast, young adults exposed to methoprene (1.67–66.6 ppm) showed no reduction in offspring production. CONCLUSION: Methoprene concentrations will decline with time following its application. However, this research indicates that methoprene can still reduce populations of T. castaneum by reducing their progeny production, even if adults emerge. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

柞蚕幼虫急性毒性试验研究

通过柞蚕幼虫的小鼠急性经口毒性试验,对柞蚕幼虫的食用安全性作出初步评价。结果表明:各组参试小鼠死亡数为零,未见中毒症状;雌、雄性小鼠MTD20.0g/kgBW,表明供试柞蚕样品属无毒级。     

羊狂蝇幼虫药物防治试验及最佳防治时间的选择

本文依据对我省黄河谷地的贵德县和高原腹地的玉树县两个不同海拔、气候地区羊狂蝇成蝇出现及消失时间等活动规律的观察结果,选用阿维菌素和伊维菌素药物的不同剂型,分别在9月上旬和10月中旬选择自然感染羊狂蝇幼虫的绵羊200只;采用注射液口服、泼背和片剂口服的方法,对羊狂蝇幼虫进行药物驱除的效果比较试验。结果表明:9月上旬驱虫组效果达100%,而10月份驱虫组效果不理想。