Release and mobility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and iron‐cyanide complexes in contaminated soil

Export of organic and inorganic pollutants from the unsaturated zone of manufactured gas plant (MGP) sites may endanger groundwater quality. The release and mobility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and iron‐cyanide complexes (FeCN) in soils from a former MGP site were studied in column and batch experiments. The unsaturated column experiment involved two parts. (1) The development of steady‐state effluent concentrations was studied under constant irrigation. (2) Rate‐limited contaminant release was studied by the system's response to flow interruption. Transport data were supplemented by a sequential batch‐desorption experiment. During constant irrigation the initial concentrations of total PAH and FeCN, but also the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were higher than the steady state level, indicating that a specific fraction of the DOC and the contaminants was readily mobilized. Cyanide reached a constant effluent concentration after seven pore volumes (pvs), whereas equilibration of effluent PAH took 20 pvs. After flow interruption, rate‐limited release of DOC, PAH, and FeCN was observed by increased effluent concentrations. Comparison of FeCN levels with theoretical equilibrium concentrations indicated that in addition to the dissolution of iron(II)ferrocyanide (Berlin Blue), Fe₄[Fe(CN)₆]₃, other cyanide‐species may control the release and such the mobility of FeCN. This was confirmed by decreasing FeCN concentrations during sequential batch extractions. Due to rate‐limited release, seepage water concentrations of DOC, PAH, and FeCN in alkaline MGP soils are influenced by the flow regime. Experiments performed at continuous irrigation may therefore severely underestimate the release of PAH and FeCN under field conditions. The effect of DOC on the release and mobility of PAH and FeCN under transient conditions has to be further investigated.     

长株潭城市群低碳交通发展探究

全球变暖趋势进一步加剧,低碳发展模式已成为世界共识。交通业作为能源消耗主要部门及温室气体排放的重要来源,必然要走低碳化发展道路。分析长株潭城市群交通发展存在的问题,提出要优化交通体系结构、推动低碳交通技术的创新、引导居民健康出行、加强国际间交流与合作等发展对策,最终实现城市交通的低碳发展。     

Oral bovine serum albumin immune‐stimulating complexes improve the immune responses and resistance of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea,Richardson, 1846) against Vibrio alginolyticus

This study aimed to investigate effects of bovine serum albumin immune‐stimulating complexes (BSA ISCOMs) on immune‐related genes expression, serum nonspecific immunity and disease resistance of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea). Fish were fed diets containing 3.5 ml of BSA ISCOMs per kg feed (experimental group) or 3.5 ml of phosphate‐buffered saline per kg feed (control group) for 1 week. The liver, spleen, head‐kidney tissues were sampled for determining gene expression of myxovirus‐resistant protein (Mx), major histocompatibility complex class II alpha chain (MHC II α), tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) 30 and 90 days after feeding. Also, blood samples were collected for determining activities of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), interferon alpha (IFN‐α), TNF‐α and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). TNF‐α and MHCⅡα gene expression in the liver, spleen, head‐kidney, as well as IFN‐α, TNF‐α and ALP activities in the serum, of experimental fish were significantly higher 30 days after feeding; while only TNF‐α and MHC II gene expression in the head‐kidney remained upregulated 90 days after feeding. The cumulative mortality of the experimental fish was significantly lower than control. This study indicated that BSA ISCOMs improved the immune response and induced protective immunity in large yellow croaker.     

B型烟粉虱危害对烟草叶片光系统II的影响

【目的】研究B型烟粉虱取食危害对烟草光系统II的影响,为明确烟粉虱对寄主植物光合作用的影响机制提供依据。【方法】通过测定烟草叶片叶绿素荧光快速诱导曲线,使用JIP-test分析技术进行参数分析,研究B型烟粉虱危害烟草后对烟草的局部虫体叶和系统叶光系统II（PSII）的影响。【结果】B型烟粉虱危害烟草后虫体叶和系统叶上的最大光化学效率（φpo）和光化学性能指数（PIABS）与对照相比均明显升高（P＜0.05）,表明处理烟草植株的局部叶和系统叶的原初光化学反应受到较大的伤害。B型烟粉虱危害烟草后虫体叶和系统叶PSII反应中心的电子传递均受阻,放氧复合体受到严重破坏。B型烟粉虱危害烟草后系统叶的单位反应中心吸收的能量（ABS/RC）和单位反应中心热耗散掉的能量（DIo/RC）增加,单位反应中心捕获的能量（TRo/RC）下降;B型烟粉虱危害的虫体叶中ABC/RC没有变化,DIo/RC增加,TRo/RC 下降。B型烟粉虱危害烟草后虫体叶和系统叶的单位面积反应中心数量（RC/CS）均明显降低（P＜0.05）,而光系统PSⅡ反应中心的关闭程度（1-qP）却明显升高,分别较各自对照升高了69.83%和142.58%（P＜0.05）。【结论】B型烟粉虱的危害严重影响了烟草叶片的光系统Ⅱ（PSII）,主要是由于PSII反应中心的失活和关闭以及对PSII电子传递的抑制,电子传递中受抑制的位点包括放氧复合体和QA到QB间的电子传递过程,同时B型烟粉虱危害影响了烟草叶片光系统的能量流动,且烟粉虱对烟草叶片PSII的影响具有系统传导性。     

原子吸收法测定棉株体内铜元素的含量

用原子吸收分光光度法分别测定了喷施氨基酸铜和喷施清水后,接种棉花黄萎病菌的感病棉株的根、茎、叶中铜元素的含量。结果表明:喷施氨基酸铜后,接种棉花黄萎病的感病棉株的根、茎、叶中的铜元素的含量明显高于喷施清水的对照棉株。     

超累积植物油茶中Al的吸收和累积

Oiltea camellia (Camellia oleifera Abel.), an aluminium (Al) hyperaccumulator, grows well on acid soils in tropical or subtropical areas. In this study, the growth of oiltea camellia in response to Al application and the characteristics of Al uptake and accumulation were investigated using laboratory and field experiments. The growth of oiltea camellia seedlings in the nutrient solution tended to be stimulated by addition of Al. Results of the field experiment showed that oiltea camellia accumulated 11000 mg kg-1 Al in leaves within 10 months, and the average rate of Al accumulation in new leaves was about 1100 mg kg-1 month?1; however, the monthly rate varied and was highest in spring and autumn. The results of the laboratory experiment on Al uptake by oiltea camellia seedlings in CaCl2 solutions with various forms of Al showed that large amounts of Al supplied as Al3+ and Al complexes Al-malate (1:1) and Al-F (1:1) were influxed into oiltea camellia roots, whereas Al supplied as Al-citrate (1:1), Al-F (1:6), Al-oxalate (1:3), and Al-oxalate (1:1) complexes exhibited low affnity to oiltea camellia roots. The kinetics of Al3+ cumulative uptake in excised roots and intact plants showed a biphasic pattern, with an initial rapid phase followed by a slow phase. The Al cumulative uptake was una?ected by low temperature, which indicated that Al uptake in oiltea camellia was a passive process. The effcient influx of Al into the roots and the high transport rate in specific seasons were presumed to account for the plentiful Al accumulation in leaves of oiltea camellia.     

若干钕-钼杂多配合物的合成和表征

本文报导了以稀土元素钕为杂原子和铝形成的杂多配合物（NH4）12。H10[Nd4MO29O104（H2O）12）· 22H2O及 Na4（NH4）10[Nd4 MO29 O100（H2O）16]· 34H2O的合成方法．通过元素分析、热分析、红外吸收光谱、XPS对所合成的杂多配合物进行了表征．     

重庆南岸区山地景观生态复合体的景观组成特点分析

选择山地城市中具有典型景观生态复合体特色的重庆主城区南滨路到南山风景区山脊范围为研究对象,主要采用景观生态学的理论和研究方法,分析了山地城市景观生态复合体的景观组成特点,以及海拔梯度变化与人为干扰对景观组成特点的影响,旨在研究人为干扰对景观格局的影响.     

小鼠腔前卵泡卵母细胞的采集和体外成熟

酶消化配合机械分离，采集１０日龄小鼠腔前卵泡中的卵母细胞一颗粒细胞复合作（ＯＧＣｓ），以自制的胶原膜为底物，在 ＭＥＭ培养液中培养 １０ ｄ．卵母细胞－颗粒细胞复合体由 １１０． ５±１８． ６ μｍ增长到 １８４．４±６０． ６ μｍ，卵母细胞由 ５６． ２５±２． ０ μｍ增长到 ８２． ０±１０． ５μｍ．３６．７％的ＯＧＣ．具有５层以上颗粒细胞，其中９．１％放出第一极体。     

不同耕作施肥条件下玉米连作对黑土有机无机复合体性状的影响

本文研究了不同耕作、施肥条件下玉米连作对黑土有机无机复合体组成、土壤有机碳及氮、磷在各级复合体中分配的影响。结果表明,经常施用有机肥料条件下的玉米连作可使土壤中粉粒复合体含量、土壤及各级复合体的有机碳、氮、磷的含量有不同程度的提高,并可使粉粒复合体的有机碳贮量也相应增加;玉米连作时如果连年秋翻,可促进土壤有机质的分解,各级复合体的有机碳含量及粉粒复合体的数量均相对减少,很少秋翻的土壤的情况则与之相反;玉米连作年限的长短,对有机无机复合体组成、有机碳含量及其在各级复台体中的分配的影响,主要取决于土壤的耕作、施肥及管理水平,经常施用有机肥并很少秋翻条件下的玉米连作,有利于土壤有机质的保持与积累,并促进土壤肥力的提高。