基于QuickBird影像的艾比湖及周边土壤风蚀研究

近年来,艾比湖湖面发生严重萎缩,造成湖泊大面积裸露,为沙尘暴提供了大面积沙源。通过对高分辨率QuickBird影像数据的处理,分析了艾比湖湖域的风蚀现状。在湖岸周边强度以上的风蚀面积约占63%,主要分布在无植被覆盖的东部和西部;微度风蚀和中度风蚀面积约占37%,主要分布在有植被覆盖的南北两岸。湖泊裸露的干涸湖底,位于湖泊的西北部,面积达430km²。影像的色调、形状和纹理变化上反映了干涸湖底的地貌形态和风系的方向。结合实地测量数据的分析发现,湖泊西北向东南方向形成宽约4.5km,长约10km,坡度为1/5000的带状坡面,为沙尘暴的发生创造了有利的条件。要改善艾比湖流域生态环境,主要依靠增加入湖水量以减小干涸湖底的沙源,达到控制艾比湖地区风蚀的目的。     

达里诺尔湖湿地生态系统服务价值评价

生态系统服务功能是生态系统与生态过程所形成及所维持的人类赖以生存的自然环境条件与效用,对其服务价值进行货币化评价,可以推动自然资源可持续利用,促进区域生态环境保护。以达里诺尔湖湿地为研究对象,结合达里诺尔湖湿地生态系统的结构、特征及其生态过程特点,通过资料搜集与实地调研,运用资源经济学理论和方法,对达里诺尔湖湿地生态系统服务价值进行了划分。构建了达里诺尔湖湿地生态系统服务价值评价指标体系,并对其进行了价值评价。评价结果显示达里诺尔湖湿地的服务价值为93.70×10⁴万元,其中直接使用价值为2.19×10⁴万元,占比为2.36%,间接使用价值为91.51×10⁴万元,占比为97.66%。各项生态系统服务功能中以调节空气湿度价值最大,为82.76×10⁴万元,占总服务价值的88.32%。     

蠡湖湖滨湿地景观生态格局分析及适宜性评价研究

湖滨湿地是陆域生态系统和湖泊水域生态系统之间的过渡带,在保护湖泊生态系统稳定和生物多样性等方面发挥着重要作用。运用遥感技术对无锡蠡湖湖滨湿地生态修复前后景观生态格局及演变进行分析,从湖滨湿地景观优美性、自然性、稳定性以及服务性4个层面,对蠡湖湖滨湿地景观适宜性进行评价研究,探讨影响湖滨湿地生态系统退化和景观重建的原因,从而为开展湖滨湿地生态修复和景观重建提供理论依据。     

鄱阳湖区棉田不同种植模式的截流保肥效果

通过不同棉花栽培方式的田间试验,分析了不同的栽培措施对棉田径流拦截和肥料保持的效果。结果表明,棉花间种蔬菜、棉田翻耕覆盖及棉田免耕覆盖技术均可以有效地减少棉田的水土和肥料流失,且以免耕覆盖的泥沙流失量和翻耕覆盖的径流量、养分流失量最小,分别较常规栽培减少52.99%和50%、10.71%。     

Status of aquatic and riparian biodiversity in artificial lake ecosystems with and without management for recreational fisheries: Implications for conservation

1. Humanity is facing a biodiversity crisis, with freshwater-associated biodiversity in a particularly dire state. Novel ecosystems created through human use of mineral resources, such as gravel pit lakes, can provide substitute habitats for the conservation of freshwater and riparian biodiversity. Many of these artificial ecosystems are subject to a high intensity of recreational use, however, which may limit their biodiversity potential.
2. The species richness of several taxa (plants, amphibians, dragonflies, damselflies, waterfowl, and songbirds) was assessed and a range of taxonomic biodiversity metrics were compared between gravel pit lakes managed for recreational fisheries (n = 16) and unmanaged reference lakes (n = 10), controlling for non-fishing-related environmental variation.
3. The average species richness of all the taxa examined was similar among lakes in both lake types and no substantial differences in species composition were found when examining the pooled species inventory. Similarly, there were no differences between lake types in the presence of rare species and in the Simpson diversity index across all of the taxa assessed.
4. Variation in species richness among lakes was correlated with woody habitat, lake morphology (surface area and steepness), and land use, but was not correlated with the presence of recreational fisheries. Thus, non-fishing-related environmental variables had stronger effects on local species presence than recreational fisheries management or the presence of recreational anglers.
5. Collectively, no evidence was found that anglers and recreational fisheries management constrain the development of aquatic and riparian biodiversity in gravel pit lakes in the study region; however, the conservation of species diversity in gravel pit lakes could benefit from an increasing reliance on habitat enhancement activities.

     

城市富营养化湖泊综合治理——以武汉北太子湖为例

应用"污染源控制+水生态修复+水质提升"综合技术治理北太子湖,为城市富营养化湖泊的治理提供技术体系和示范。北太子湖规划蓝线水面面积52.6 hm~2,湖岸线长5km,平均水深1.8 m,工程前水质整体为劣V类,治理目标是湖水水质达到地表水IV类。2018年3月-2019年2月,通过实施污水管网改造、初期雨水调蓄池修建、生态植草沟构建、污染底泥疏浚、湖体水生态系统构建、旁路人工湿地水体提标等工程措施,COD、TN、TP的去除率分别为58.14%、83.18%、90.91%;2019年6-8月水体COD、TN、TP连续3个月达到地表水IV类标准。建议在水生态修复工程完工后,投加一些生态环保型的水质净化剂,提升水体透明度,促进沉水植物快速生长繁殖以发挥净化水质的功能。     

洞庭湖区畜禽粪便中氮素污染及其环境成本

畜禽养殖在保障肉食供应、改善居民生活、增加农民收入等方面发挥着重要作用,但是畜禽粪便中的氮素也给环境造成严重污染,加强畜禽粪便氮素污染及其环境成本研究有重要意义。该研究以湖南洞庭湖区为对象,从耕地、水体、大气3个方面估算了该区域畜禽粪便的氮素污染及其环境成本。结果表明,2006年湖南洞庭湖区畜禽粪便中的氮素养分为18.99 万t,粪便中氮素污染的环境成本为8.77亿元,其中对农田、水体、大气污染的环境成本分别为2.32 亿元、4.81亿元、1.64 亿元。畜禽粪便氮素养分所产生的环境污染问题已经不容忽视。     

Assessing vulnerability of New Zealand lakes to loss of conservation value from invasive fish impacts

相似文献   

Salty stories,fresh spaces: Lessons for aquatic protected areas from marine and freshwater experiences

相似文献