大肠杆菌不耐热肠毒素(LT)突变体LTR72的表达与鉴定

将重组质粒PLTR72和PLT分别转化大肠杆菌JM101，DH5α和C600，并接种于LB和CAYE-2中培养，用GM1-ELISA法检测菌体裂解液中2者的表达情况，将表达产物纯化后用SDS-PAGE等方法鉴定。结果表明，3种大肠杆菌在2种培养基中都可表达出LT突变体和LT，并可将产物分泌到大肠杆菌胞周质中，成为具有GM1结合活性的突变体蛋白，鉴定纯化后的突变体的组成形式与野生型LT相同。均是1A：5B。     

肠炎沙门菌icdA基因缺失株的构建及重要特性分析

为研究肠炎沙门菌异柠檬酸脱氢酶(IDH)的功能,本研究利用λ-Red重组技术构建了肠炎沙门菌IDH编码基因icdA缺失突变株c50336ΔicdA,对其进行生长和生化特性检测,并通过体外模拟应激试验、药敏试验、生物被膜检测、抗蛋清杀伤、胞内存活和动物感染实验,分析icdA基因在肠炎沙门菌致病机制中的重要作用。研究结果显示,icdA基因缺失不影响肠炎沙门菌的生长特性和生化特性,在热应激(42℃)、酸应激(pH3.5)和高渗应激(NaCl2.4mol/L)条件下其存活率也未出现显著变化,但icdA基因缺失能够显著降低肠炎沙门菌对碱、低渗透压和过氧化氢应激的抵御能力,降低肠炎沙门菌对多粘菌素B的耐药性和生物被膜的形成能力;同时,该基因缺失能够降低肠炎沙门菌对蛋清杀伤的防御能力、在巨噬细胞内的存活能力和其对小鼠的毒力。研究结果表明icdA基因参与肠炎沙门菌的抗应激能力、耐药性、生物被膜形成和抗蛋清杀伤能力,从而影响细菌的毒力。本研究为肠炎沙门菌疫苗的研究奠定了重要基础。     

Sensitivity to fluopicolide of wild type isolates and biological characteristics of fluopicolide-resistant mutants in Pseudoperonospora cubensis

Cucurbit downy mildew caused by the oomycete pathogen Pseudoperonospora cubensis is a devastating disease that is distributed worldwide and affects cucumber in open fields and greenhouses. Fluopicolide, which was a novel systemic fungicide and was released in 2008, it is very effective in controlling downy mildew on cucumber and grape, potato late blight and pepper Phythophthora blight and reduces the loss caused by the diseases, but so far the potential for P. cubensis to develop resistance to fluopicolide has not been investigated. Hence, a laboratory study was undertaken to assess the risk of P. cubensis developing resistance to fluopicolide. Baseline sensitivity to fluopicolide was determined by using 75 P. cubensis isolates collected from cucumber-growing greenhouses in Hebei province, where no fluopicolide had been used for control of cucumber downy mildew before. Values of effective concentrations for 50% inhibition (EC₅₀) of sporulation ranged from 0.02 to 0.40 μg ml⁻¹ and were distributed as a unimodal curve, indicating that all 75 isolates were sensitive to fluopicolide. Sporangia of nine sensitive isolates were ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated, and four fluopicolide-resistant mutants were acquired at a mutation frequency of 7.4 × 10⁻⁷. Seven mutants resistant to fluopicolide were obtained from seven isolates by sporangia adaptation on fluopicolide-treated leaves of cucumber. The EC₅₀ values for all eleven fluopicolide-resistant mutants ranged from 3.37 to 13.06 μg ml⁻¹ with mean resistance factors of 7.9–118.0. After 10 sporangia transfers on fungicide-free leaves of cucumber, all eleven resistant mutants remained resistant to fluopicolide with mean resistance factors of 8.2–81.3. Seven resistant mutants from the selection for resistance and one resistant mutant from UV mutagenesis exhibited stable resistance; however, the other three resistant mutants from UV irradiation became significantly less resistant. Compared to their respective sensitive parents, the eleven resistant mutants exhibited diversity in latent period, infection frequency, lesion extension and sporulation ability. Five out of the eleven resistant mutants exhibited prolonged latent period and three out of the eleven resistant mutants provided decreased infection frequency (IF) compared to their respective parents, indicating that in some cases, resistance mutation might affect the latent period and IF of P. cubensis. There were significant differences in pathogenicity and ability to produce sporangia, but this seemed not to be caused by resistance mutation. No cross-resistance was detected between fluopicolide and azoxystrobin, metalaxyl, dimethomorph, or cymoxanil. In all, there could be a moderate to high risk of field populations of P. cubensis developing resistance to fluopicolide, and populations of P. cubensis should be monitored regularly for their shift of sensitivity over years of application.     

大排量正负压气液分离装置的研制

采用单浮体联动式结构，研制了大排量正负压气液分离装置，其特点是气体排量大、排液口在压和负压状下均能使气液有效分离，分离液可直接排放放空罐或由主泵带走。大排量正负压气液分离装置呆用于自吸式油气混输泵工艺流程中，具有一定的工程应用价值。     

一份新的水稻斑点叶突变体spl32的鉴定和基因定位

从F2(粤晶丝苗2号/H4)群体中,鉴定出一份显性斑点叶突变体spl32(spotted leaf 32)。其叶片褐色斑点受自然光诱导,在幼穗分化期从叶尖逐渐扩散至叶鞘,台盼蓝染色表明斑点并非由细胞死亡引起。以从F5杂合个体分离出的正常叶色植株为对照,斑点叶植株的穗粒数、结实率显著降低。斑点出现后,spl32的POD活性和MDA含量均显著高于对照;同时,spl32叶片光合色素含量降低,但荧光动力学参数并无显著变化。抽穗期人工接菌表明,spl32对水稻白叶枯病菌抗性较对照显著提高。遗传分析表明spl32斑点性状由一个显性基因Spl32(t)控制,利用F2(02428/spl32)群体将其定位在第11染色体Ind-c和RM206之间,推测该基因为一个新的水稻斑点叶基因。     

禽多杀性巴氏杆菌C48-3株hexABC基因缺失株的构建及其生物学特性分析

为研究荚膜在禽多杀性巴氏杆菌(Pasteurella multocida)致病过程中的作用,本研究利用同源重组基因敲除技术构建禽P.multocida C48-3株荚膜多糖输出蛋白基因hexABC的缺失突变株,并以小鼠为动物模型检测荚膜缺陷对细菌毒力的影响。PCR、RT-PCR和DNA测序结果均表明253 bp的hexC基因下游序列、798 bp的hexB基因全序列和290 bp的hexA基因上游序列完全被四环素抗性基因替代,表明构建了基因敲除突变株C48-3ΔhexABC。电镜观察结果表明突变株荚膜合成能力缺失,对小鼠的致病性试验结果显示突变株毒力基本丧失。本研究获得的无荚膜突变株为进一步研究禽P.multocida的致病机理奠定基础。     

嗜酸乳杆菌突变株产共轭亚油酸异构酶的纯化研究

以嗜酸乳杆菌NCFM和Lakcid作为出发菌株,通过紫外诱变及化学诱变筛选得到突变株.代谢亚油酸生成共轭亚油酸(CLA),研究转化过程中的关键性酶-亚油酸异构酶的酶学性质,采用硫酸铵沉淀、透析等对该酶进行纯化,用SDS-PAGE测得该酶的亚基分子量为60.5 ku;并得出该酶的最适温度是44℃,最适pH是6.0左右,金属离子Fe2+、K+对异构酶的反应有促进作用,Zn2+等对反应都起抑制作用.     

根癌农杆菌介导的真菌遗传转化研究进展

 农杆菌介导遗传转化成为真菌实现菌种改良、新基因标记及目的基因的筛选、分离和克隆的重要方法之一。该方法操作简单、受体范围广、转化效率高、单拷贝率高及突变体遗传稳定,解决了传统转化方法的瓶颈。利用该方法成功实现了多种真菌大容量高质量突变体库的构建,且在各类真菌突变体库构建的基础上,相关基因的筛选和功能基因的验证工作成为下一步的研究热点,进而为各类病原菌致病机理的深入研究提供依据,为抗病育种等亟待解决的问题奠定基础。     

一株灰葡萄孢细胞壁完整性缺陷突变株的分子鉴定和表型分析

为探明灰葡萄孢细胞壁相关基因功能,用荧光增白剂Calcofluor White（CFW）从灰葡萄孢T-DNA插入突变体库中筛选细胞壁完整性缺陷突变株,发现一株突变株D-59对CFW的敏感性与野生型相比提高了2.8倍。通过TAIL-PCR扩增突变株的T-DNA插入位点的侧翼序列并对其进行序列分析表明,T-DNA插入于突变株BC1G₀0770.1基因的外显子部位。RT-PCR的结果显示,D-59的BC1G₀0770.1基因不表达。突变株D-59的表型分析表明,突变株的菌丝稀疏,菌落呈土黄色,产孢量明显下降,孢子萌发异常,致病能力减弱,细胞壁的几丁质含量下降了48%。