花椒波瘿蚊研究初报

简述了花椒波瘿蚊的形态特征、危害情况、生活史、主要生活习性、主要天敌及防治措施     

河西走廊荒漠草地阔胫萤叶甲生活习性及危害

通过对阔胫萤叶甲Pallasiola absinthii害虫生活习性及危害的研究,发现在甘肃河西半荒漠草原上,阔胫萤叶甲1年发生1代,以卵在草丛基部土层中越冬,主要以驴驴蒿Artemisia dalailamae为食,幼虫期是其主要危害期.阔胫萤叶甲的幼虫具有极强的耐饥饿能力,在不食状态下能存活27d之久;水淹3h后仍能复活;不耐冻,在幼虫孵化出土后遇霜冻气候,对其发生蔓延有抑制作用.适于防治阔胫萤叶甲虫害的农药是4.5%氯氰菊脂和水胺硫磷,其最佳施药量为900和750mL/hm2.     

Transnationalism through the life course: Hong Kong immigrants in Canada

Abstract: Transnationalism needs to be understood as a set of practices fashioned through the life course as well as in relation to contextual factors that include state policy and experiences of discrimination that affect entry to the labour force. The paradox of transnationalism is that families make strategic decisions to separate in order to maintain family unity and to advance the welfare of children. Emigrants from Hong Kong to Canada in the latter decades of the twentieth century were motivated by concern for family welfare and the quality of education in Canada. Yet economic livelihood prospects remained greater in Hong Kong than in Canada, prompting many families to become transnational ‘astronaut’ families with one or more members working in Hong Kong. Migration decisions tend to occur around key points of life‐course transition involving entry to and graduation from education, and entry to and exit from the labour force. Transnational practices are complex and multigenerational, involving different patterns for young adults, those in their middle years and the elderly.     

Seasonal dynamics and age structure of drifting cyprinid fishes: an interspecific comparison

Abstract –  We investigated interspecific differences in the downstream drift of seven species of young-of-the-year cyprinids over a 2-year period in two central European rivers, using a comparison of drifting fish with fish collected from nurseries at the same time and the same site as the drift samples. Species varied in the utilisation of the drift; Rutilus rutilus , Gobio spp., Abramis brama and Carassius auratus gibelio drifted abundantly, while Leuciscus cephalus and Alburnus alburnus were abundant in nurseries, but drifted at low densities. Abramis bjoerkna was equally represented among drifting and resident fish. Generally, fish drifted at two major developmental intervals; L3 stage and the stage at transition between larval and juvenile periods (L6/Juv), with interspecific differences in the ontogenetic timing of drifting. The propensity to drifting of certain developmental stages was also reflected in body size comparisons between drifting and resident fish. The stage-dependent drifting may be attributed to major changes in fish morphology, behaviour and swimming ability.     

刀具的可靠性及其分析

讨论了刀具寿命的失效机理，为提高刀具的可靠性提供理论依据。     

Multiple marking of otoliths of brown trout, Salmo trutta L., with alizarin redS to compare efficiency of stocking of three early life stages

Abstract  This study examined stocking with three early life stages of brown trout, Salmo trutta L., in the context of rehabilitating a native lineage. Experimental sections in five streams were stocked successively with three stages (I: unfed fry at the end of the reabsorption phase, II: fed fry measuring 2–3 cm and III: fed fry measuring 4–5 cm) derived from a hatchery stock bred from wild spawners. The three stages were distinguished by single or multiple fluoromarking of the otoliths with alizarin redS. The index of relative stocking efficiency was greater for stage II than for stage I in all sections and equivalent or greater than that for stage III. Stage II achieved significantly larger mean length and weight in autumn than stage III stockings.     

连花柴芩可溶性粉对鸡风热犯肺证的临床试验研究

【目的】 研究连花柴芩可溶性粉对风热犯肺所导致的鸡发热、咳嗽、食欲减退、口渴喜饮等证候的临床疗效。【方法】 采用鸡传染性支气管炎病毒人工攻毒建立风热犯肺证肉鸡病例模型,将出现典型风热犯肺证临床症状的150只鸡纳入到试验中,并随机分为5组,30只/组,分别为连花柴芩可溶性粉高、中、低剂量组（连花柴芩可溶性粉浓度分别为4、2、1 g/L）,麻杏石甘颗粒药物对照组（1 g/L）,模型对照组,另设30只为健康对照组。除健康对照组和模型对照组外,各试验组连续饮水给药5 d,记录给药前后鸡的精神状态、体温、呼吸道症状、采食及饮水的变化,并检测各组鸡的免疫器官指数、外周血免疫细胞亚群指标,综合考察连花柴芩可溶性粉的临床疗效。【结果】 连花柴芩可溶性粉高、中剂量组对风热犯肺所致的鸡发热、咳嗽的总有效率分别为90.00%和86.66%,显著高于模型对照组（P<0.05）,且对病鸡采食量下降、饮水量增多具有较好的缓解效果（P<0.05）;连花柴芩可溶性粉能提高病鸡免疫器官指数,促进病鸡外周血中CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD8⁺ T淋巴细胞增殖,且连花柴芩可溶性粉高、中剂量显著高于模型对照组（P<0.05）。【结论】 连花柴芩可溶性粉对风热犯肺所致的鸡发热、咳嗽、食欲减退、口渴喜饮具有较好的缓解和治疗效果,结合药物量效关系和经济成本等因素综合考虑,推荐连花柴芩可溶性粉临床应用剂量为2 g/L,饮水给药,连用5 d。     

落叶松腮扁叶蜂自然种群生命表分析

落叶松腮扁叶蜂是兴安落叶松重要食叶害虫，自1998年以来在内蒙古大兴安岭林区成灾，1998—2002年间研究了该虫种群自然消长规律。将落叶松腮扁叶蜂种群按其生长发育顺序划分为卵期、危害幼虫期、滞育幼虫期、蛹期和成虫期5个阶段，把各阶段的作用因子划分为相对独立的状态，根据田间调查及室内实验观察，记录各阶段的存活数，组建了5个世代的生命表，1个平均生命表。分析表明：平均种群趋势指数为4．56。其中危害期幼虫相关系数r值为0．6857，回归系数b值为0．2221，滞育幼虫r值为0．8965，b值为0．6165。滞育幼虫期为落叶松腮扁叶蜂种群生活过程中的关键阶段。滞育幼虫期的自然消亡是影响整个种群动态的关键因素。突然降温等灾害性天气对发生期各虫态影响明显。重要因子分析表明，影响落叶松腮扁叶蜂自然种群的重要因子是天敌、气候、食料等。     

桑天牛自然种群生命表的初步研究

毛白杨幼林地桑天牛主要死亡因子为:卵寄生蜂寄生、啄木鸟啄食和林木折断或枯死后影响其生长发育等。经过一代自然种群生命表初步研究,结果其种群趋势指效为3.84.     

中国紫胶虫生活史及其胶表物候

中国紫胶虫（Ｋｅｒｒｉａｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）与其它胶蚧一样，均隐匿在其胶被内生长发育，外观难以看到各虫龄期的体形特征。用图表形式把各虫龄期及其相关的泌胶形态和冬夏两代各自所需无数标出，即可清楚看出该虫生活史、生活周期及各发育阶段期间的变化和关系。同时，列出各虫龄期特征检索表，便于在科研与生产中应用。