农用电动汽车动力系统参数匹配优化及动力性验证

根据纯电动汽车性能的设计指标,对农用电动汽车的电动机、电池组及传动比等动力系统参数进行了合理匹配与优化设计.采用区间优化方法对减速器速比进行了优化设计,在满足电动汽车动力性能要求的前提下,以设计变量的最大可行区间代替其传统的确定性最优值,解决了传动系统齿轮的配齿问题.由优化设计结果,使用ADVISOR软件对整车动力性能进行了仿真分析,并对仿真结果进行了实验验证.     

干旱地区土壤保墒增墒的有效措施

旱灾是制约辽西地区农业发展的重要因素。针对辽西干旱地区农业生产实际,介绍深松和坐水播种技术及其作用,并通过应用试验以验证其对土壤的保墒增墒效果。试验结果表明,在干旱条件下采用这两种技术可有效改善土壤情况,为种子发芽出苗创造适宜的环境条件。     

信阳粳稻晚播气候适宜度分析

以信阳市近35年(1980-2014年)晚播粳稻幼苗期、分蘖期、拔节孕穗期、抽穗扬花期和灌浆成熟期等5个生育阶段的平均气温、降水量和日照时数等数据为基础,利用前人研究的气候适宜度公式模型,计算研究信阳粳稻晚播后的气候适宜度。结果表明,苗期气温、降水和日照气候适宜度分别为0.98、0.99和0.63,综合值0.85,适宜度高;分蘖期分别为0.99、0.51和0.54,综合值0.65,适宜度一般;拔节孕穗期分别为0.99、0.87和0.67,综合值0.83,适宜度较高;抽穗扬花期分别为0.70、0.99和0.56,综合值0.73,适宜度较高;灌浆成熟期分别为0.60、0.98和0.57,综合值0.73,适宜度较高。可见,信阳粳稻适当晚播后的气候适宜度总体较为适宜。     

江淮杂交中籼水稻品质性状基因型与播期互作的AMMI模型分析

为明确杂交中籼水稻在江淮地区种植的适宜播期,提高稻米品质,选用3个杂交中籼水稻品种(系)分5个播期,利用AMMI模型对其营养食味品质性状(糊化温度、胶稠度、直链淀粉含量、蛋白质含量)进行了稳定性和适应性分析。结果表明,糊化温度、胶稠度、直链淀粉含量、蛋白质含量4项指标在基因型间、播期间及基因型×播期互作间的方差均达到极显著水平,这4项指标的交互效应主成分值(IPCA)差异也达到显著水平;穗期(抽穗至成熟期)平均气温较高、累计日照时数长、气温日较差大,有利于杂交中籼水稻品质的提高;3个参试品种(系)营养食味品质稳定性表现为新两优6号两优1128丰两优4号,5个播期对杂交中籼水稻品质影响表现为4月20日5月10日5月20日4月30日5月30日。     

Gene cloning of ZmMYB59 transcription factor in maize and its expression during seed germination in response to deep‐sowing and exogenous hormones

Discovering the key genes responsible for deep‐sowing germination is very meaningful to cultivate maize varieties with strong germination ability in soil. In this study, ZmMYB59 gene whose functions remain unknown was successfully cloned. Subcellular localization showed that ZmMYB59 was localized in the nucleus. By analysing cis‐acting elements of its promoter sequence, many elements of MYB binding domain responsive to hormones (particularly gibberellin, GA) were found. On this basis, ZmMYB59 expression in different sowing depths, germination stages, tissues and treatments was analysed by real‐time PCR. ZmMYB59 expression levels in embryos or seedlings were significantly decreased with the increase in sowing depth at 2 days or 4 days after sowing (DAS). Further analysis showed that its expression in mesocotyls was also significantly downregulated with the increase in sowing depth at both 6 DAS and 8 DAS. Similarly, seed soaking with 10^‐5 M GA₃ inhibited ZmMYB59 expression in mesocotyls at 3 DAS. These results suggest that ZmMYB59 may play a negative regulatory role in seed germination in deep soil and the regulation is involved in GA signalling pathway.     

Seed growth of three perennial ryegrass cultivars sown on two dates and treated with trinexapac ethyl straw shortener

First‐year crops of diploid perennial ryegrass (cvs. Meridian, Bronsyn and Grasslands Impact) were sown on 1 April and 14 May 2008. Applications of trinexapac ethyl (TE) plant growth regulator at 0, 200 and 400 g a.i. ha^?1 were used to shorten stems to examine the impact of seed growth. Seed filling followed a consistent sigmoidal growth pattern with a lag phase of 127°C days, and linear duration of 390°C days. Time to 95% of final seed weight was 517°C days. Seed yield increases from TE were from higher numbers of first‐grade seeds m^?2, achieved by a higher rate of seed filling during the linear phase of 0·115 mg per °C day per spike. For all cultivars, the maximum stem dry weight occurred at 310–400°C days post‐anthesis, which suggest the stem was a strong sink. As seeds developed, their demand for assimilate increased and they drew more from the stem. At harvest, stem weights from TE treatments were 25% heavier than at anthesis, while untreated ‘Bronsyn’ and ‘Grasslands Impact’ stems were similar to those at anthesis. Thus, stems treated with TE contributed assimilates to increase seed yield but were still a net sink with assimilates in the stem at harvest. Trinexapac ethyl rate induced an inverse relationship between seed yield and stem height. This showed that competition for assimilate between stems and growing seeds limited the seed yield. Management or genetic factors that reduce stem height are likely to increase seed yields of perennial ryegrass.     

稻秸还田下耕作与播种方式对小麦出苗及产量的影响

为了研究稻秸还田下耕作与播种方式对小麦出苗及产量的影响,通过大区试验,分析了稻秸全量还田下不同耕作与播种方式对小麦出苗率、出苗均匀性及产量性状的影响。结果显示,相同的播种方式下,浅耕处理小麦出苗率高于免耕处理,但出苗均匀性差于后者;相同的耕作方式下,播种方式对小麦出苗率和出苗均匀性的影响差异较大,其中,机械匀播方式下小麦出苗率最高,出苗均匀性最好;小麦出苗率和出苗均匀性通过影响穗数、穗粒数、千粒重而影响籽粒产量,同一耕作方式下机械匀播小麦籽粒产量均高于其余2种播种方式,免耕和浅耕下机械匀播小麦产量分别达6484.35 kg/hm~2和6476.20 kg/hm~2。因此,稻秸全量还田条件下,建议采用免耕机械匀播方式,能有效改善小麦田间出苗情况,进而获得较高的籽粒产量。     

中国棉花主栽品种棉子营养品质及播种品质研究

为了明确中国棉花主栽品种营养品质及播种品质的状况,揭示中国当前的棉花育种现状,为合理利用棉副产品及棉花特定目标育种提供参考。对当前中国三大主产棉区的142份棉花主栽品种棉子的营养品质性状(蛋白质、油分含量)、播种品质性状(发芽率)及3个物理性状(子指、仁指和仁子比)进行检测分析。结果表明:当前主栽棉花品种的营养品质非常接近,油分含量集中于27.1%~33.0%,棉子的蛋白质含量集中区域为41.0%~45.0%,高油和高蛋白含量的棉花品种较少;蛋白质和油分总量变异较小,且两者呈高度负相关关系。棉种播种质量的4个必检项水分、净度、发芽率及纯度的平均值分别9.6%、100.0%、87.8%和97.1%,在连续3年的监督抽查中水分和净度的合格率均为100%,不合格项主要出现在纯度及发芽率上。研究结果较真实地反映了棉籽营养品质性状与播种品质的现状,适时开展棉花多目标育种十分必要,但对油分与蛋白质含量进行同步改良的难度较大。     

不同播期对水稻秧苗素质影响的研究

通过对不同播种期的秧苗素质的研究,确定最佳的播种时期.结果表明:第1叶鞘高与2叶长呈极显著的正相关(r=0.8201**);秧龄期和株高呈极显著正相关(R=0.9367**).结合2006年4月份气温特点,并通过对第1叶鞘高、2叶长、根数、株高等性状分析,初步确认三江地区水稻最佳播种期是4月10～15日.     

基于分期播种的水稻生长动态及产量对热量条件的响应

为了研究东北地区水稻生长发育和产量对温度变化的敏感性,以2个水稻品种（‘辽星1’、‘辽优5218’）为试验材料,设置4个播种期,分析播期对水稻生长动态和产量特征的影响。结果表明：（1）‘辽星1’在I、III、IV播期分蘖数达到峰值较II播期少用积温400℃左右;I和IV播期最大分蘖数较II播期分别减少3.16%和15.50%,III播期增加3.85%。‘辽优5218’在III和IV播期分蘖数到达峰值较II播期多用积温300℃左右;I、III、IV播期最大分蘖数较II播期分别增加7.12%、32.51%、19.59%。（2）‘辽星1’在I和IV播期株高较II播期偏低,III播期最高;‘辽优5218’在I、III、IV播期株高偏低,I播期最矮。（3）‘辽星1’在I和III播期叶面积指数达到峰值较II播期分别多用积温300℃和200℃左右,IV播期少用100℃左右;I、III、IV播期最大叶面积指数较II播期分别增加48.5%、113.3%、31.6%。‘辽优5218’在I播期叶面积指数达到峰值较II播期多用积温500℃左右,III和IV播期分别少用400℃和100℃左右;I和III播期最大叶面积指数较II播期分别减少31.6%和27.6%,IV播期增加20.9%。（4）‘辽星1’在III播期地上干质量最高,IV播期最低;‘辽优5218’在I播期地上干质量最高,II播期最低。（5）‘辽星1’在I、III、IV播期的产量较II播期分别减产5.64%、6.27%、27.25%;‘辽优5218’在I播期的产量较II播期增加5.66%,III和IV播期分别减产13.14%和31.29%。（6）≥10℃积温2700~2800℃,平均温度24℃左右更适宜辽宁水稻生长和产量形成。