水稻直播机船底板下流体的数值模拟

利用有限元分析软件ANSYS中的计算流体动力学模块(FLOTRANCFD),对船底板下的流体进行模拟和分析,讨论在考虑形状损失和摩擦损失时,船底板下流体的流线和流动情况。通过对流体的仿真得出:船底板横挡板的前倾角对船底板下流体的流线和流量有较大的影响,并得出在倾角30o和60o时有较好的流动情况。     

光电控制穴盘精密播种装置的研究

根据水稻工厂化育秧农艺的要求，设计了穴盘精密播种装置，该装置以PIC16C57为核心，采用光电一体化技术来控制电磁振动排种器，使其每次只排出一粒种子，提高了播种精度，降低了漏播率。试验表明，该播种装置的单粒率达98%以上，重播率小于2%，漏播率为零。     

流体播种技术发展及其关键技术分析

干旱缺水是影响旱作农业的重要因素,研究旱作节水技术是保证国民经济正常发展和农业可持续发展的前提和基础.流体播种是一种抗旱、节水、增产的新技术.为此,在调查和试验研究的基础上介绍了流体播种技术及其在节水,提高出苗率、成活率等方面的特点;简述了保水剂的发展和应用情况以及流体播种机具的研究现状;分析了影响流体播种技术应用的排种器伤种、流体播种液的配制、播种精度和均匀度、保水剂的使用经济性等关键技术问题,并探讨了其解决措施,可为流体播种技术和播种机具的研究提供参考.     

2BCM-6型茬地免耕半精量播种机的研制

根据新疆气候特征，种植业特点，土壤特性，设计研制了2BCM一6型茬地免耕半精量播种机。主要介绍了工作部件的设计、工作原理、技术指标等。2BCM—6型茬地免耕半精量播种机通过性能实验，达到了设计要求。     

系统仿真技术在播种机上的研究与应用

论述了系统仿真技术的基本概念框架及其发展现状．详细阐述了在播种机领域内开展仿真研究的状况．指出了当前这一领域里存在的问题。用新的仿真技术和方法将播种机作为一个系统来开展仿真研究，同时开展坐水播种机仿真研究有现实价值。     

玉米定向精播种粒品质动态检测方法研究 —基于计算机姿态识别

首先介绍了基于视觉的目标对象检测算法,然后介绍了计算机姿态识别与传感器检测技术,并确定了玉米定向精播种粒品质动态检测方法,进行了实际的测试试验。测试结果表明:基于计算机姿态识别的玉米定向精播种粒品质动态检测准确率在95%以上,精准度较高,符合设计需求,能够实现对玉米定向的精准播种,对玉米种粒的无人化播种具有重要的现实意义。     

侧深施肥直斜偏置式免耕播种开沟器设计与试验

采用侧深施肥技术,施肥铲作业后播种带两侧土壤高度不一致,易加剧播种机横向偏摆,进而导致播种深度均匀性和播种横向一致性较差。为解决上述问题,该研究设计了一种直斜偏置式免耕播种开沟器。该开沟器主要由切土斜刃、挡土定位板、偏置推土板等组成,作业时滑切土壤并将其推移至肥沟一侧拓宽种沟,避免种子落至肥沟后位置过深,提高播种质量。通过离散元仿真试验,以前进阻力、肥沟回土深度、种沟回土深度为试验指标进行二因素五水平正交旋转组合试验,得到斜刃滑切角为37°、偏置角为15°时开沟器作业性能最好。在最优参数下与双圆盘式、尖角式开沟器进行田间作业性能对比试验,相对于双圆盘式和尖角式开沟器,直斜偏置式开沟器播种深度变异系数分别降低41.12%、19.41%;播种横向变异系数分别降低39.00%、28.41%;前进阻力分别降低7.26%、28.20%;作业后肥沟与种沟回土深度分别提高9.47%、13.68%和33.33%、7.14%。试验结果表明,该开沟器可以减小前进阻力,增加肥沟与种沟回土,提高播种深度均匀性和播种横向一致性,可为播种开沟器的设计提供参考。     

Improvement of Appearance Traits of elite Rice Zhenshan 97B by Molecular Introgression of Targeted about 800 kb Interval from Indica Rice Jiafuzhan Genome

Rice appearance trait is mainly mean grain length (GL), grain width (GW), ratio of length and width (L/W), chalkiness (CH) and transparence (TR). Appearance is the first impression, and rice appearance traits effect significantly the value of commodity. Hybrid rice is relatively low quality, especially on rice appearance quality,which restricts partially its extend and badly export of hybrid seed and rice in China.Shanyou 63, the most famous hybrid rice combination of China, could not be also sustainable application because of its poor qualities. In this studies, We attempt to improve appearance quality of the elite rice maintainer of Zhenshan 97B by using molecular approach of genomic interval targeted introgression. Three F2 populations were constructed to study the classical and molecular genetic of rice appearance traits, at the same time, molecular marker-asisted toimprove the main maintainer line, Zhenshan 97B were performed. There some following results:Three F2 populations were constructed based on crosses of Guangluai 4×Jiafuzhan (GJ popu.), Minghui 86×Jiafuzhan (MJ popu.) and Zhenshan 97B×Jiafuzhan (ZJ popu.). ZJ popu and GJ popu were produced to reconstruct the linkage maps related with rice appearance traits based on BSA, and detect QTL of target traits based on IM.In ZJ popu, 9 QTLs of target traits were detected. The interval, RM169～RM516 on Chromosome 5, was genetic locus of GW, L/W, CH and BW, and the explained variances were 10.9%, 14.9%, 12.0% and 14.2%, respectively.RM214 on chromosome 7, RM339 on chromosome 8 were genetic loci if CH and BW, and the explained variances were 9.4%, 10.0%, 11.0% and 12.1%. besides there is a genetic locus, RM347, of G/W on chromosome 3, and the explained varance was 10.3%. In GJ popu, 5 QTLs of rice appearance traits were detected. The interval, RM169-RM516 on Chromosome 5, were also the genetic loci of GW, CH and BW, and the explained variances were 9.0%, 12.5%, and 13.6%, respectively. RM264～RM80 on chromosome 8 was the genetic loci of GW amd L/W,and the explained variances were 14.7% and 13.4%. The genotypes of all QTLs, except RM214, from Jiafuzhan contributed to improving riee appearance traits.The research was to improve the rice appearance quality of Zhenshan 97B by introgressing QTLs of rice appearance traits from Jiafuzhan, a donor parent, by means of MAS in the process of recurrent backcrossing, 4 SSR markers were used to detect the target genotypes from donor parent, and 70 SSR primers to identify the genetic background of recurrent parent. Consequently, there were 19 target individuals in BC3, in which the mean value of GL, GW, L/W, CH and BW were 6.06±0.04mm, 2.50±0.02mm, 2.43±0.02, 29.5±2.7 and 29.4±2.7%, respectively,and the mean homologous degree (HD) to recurrent parent is up to 98.22%. Compared to Zhenshan 97B, GL, CH and BW decreased 0.17 mm, 34.9% and 34.5% respectively and however L/W increased 0.19. which accounted separately for 25.37%, 54.79%, 54.57% and 10.50% of thedifference of every trait between two parents. It is very luckly to find a individual, 13BC2-3BC3 line, whose GL, GW, G/W, CH and BW were 6.04 mm, 2.43 mm, 2.49,2.5% and 2.5% separately, There is very important signification for it to be used in hybrid rice breeding improving appearance traits. In the research, MAS efficiency of 3 loci (with 4 markers ) was 5.68% and coincident degree was 73.08%.     

不同播期夏播小豆产量性能动态指标与光温水效应

为探讨光、温、水等气象因子对夏播小豆产量的影响,达到合理利用气象资源、进一步挖掘小豆增产潜力的目的,以中晚熟小豆品种花小豆(V1)和中早熟品系德红5261(V2)为材料,设T1(6月17日)、T2(6月22日)、T3(6月27日)、T4(7月2日)和T5(7月7日)5个播期,形成不同的光、温、水生长环境,对夏播小豆产量...     

基于离散元法的免耕深施肥分段式玉米播种开沟器研制

针对东北垄作深施肥免耕播种机上开沟器播种深度均匀性差、工作阻力大、土壤扰动大的问题,该研究利用离散元软件(EDEM 2.7)仿真分析不同类型破茬刀-施肥铲装置对土壤的作用机理,设计了一种分段式玉米播种开沟器。首先建立土壤-玉米根系-玉米秸秆离散元仿真模型,然后进行不同类型破茬刀-施肥铲装置离散元仿真试验,以回落土壤最大合外力的位置和方向为依据设计开沟器入土部分曲线,同时结合滑切原理设计开沟器未入土部分斜刃,最后根据土壤回落距离确定施肥铲和开沟器间距为374 mm。田间对比试验结果表明,分段式开沟器比尖角式开沟器、滑刀式开沟器、双圆盘式开沟器的播深变异系数分别降低了14.24%、27.31%、33.63%;工作阻力分别降低了27.56%、16.93%、1.23%;土壤扰动面积分别降低了11.67%、28.34%、49.34%。分段式开沟器播种深度均匀性高、工作阻力小、土壤扰动小,具有较优的作业效果。