膜孔灌单向交汇入渗数学模型研究

通过室内膜孔单向交汇入渗试验资料，分析了膜孔单向交汇入渗特性，在此基础上，根据不同的已知资料情况，提出了相应的3个膜孔单向交汇入渗数学模型，其中模型1是建立在膜孔单向交汇入渗相对膜孔自由入渗的减渗量参数和膜孔自由入渗参数已知条件下的一个入渗模型，模型2建立在膜孔单向交汇入渗的自由入渗阶段和交汇入渗阶段的入渗参数均为已知的基础上，模型3建立在膜孔单向交汇入渗相对膜孔自由入渗减渗率和自由入渗参数为已知的基础上。经实测资料验证表明，3个模型均为计算膜孔单向交汇入渗量的有效模型，这一研究成果可为膜孔灌技术研究提供参考。     

ES-D3细胞nanog基因干扰载体的构建 及其干涉效果*

选择ES细胞nanog基因中4个区域合成寡聚核苷酸,构建了4个含有小鼠U6启动子的siRNA（小分子干涉RNA）表达载体并瞬时转染小鼠ES-D3细胞.半定量RT-PCR分析显示,所构建的4个siRNA表达载体中有3个可以在细胞内转录出siRNA或shRNA（短发夹RNA）,诱发RNA干涉（RNAinterference,RNAi）,能显著抑制目的基因nanog的表达;同时发现,干扰的ES-D3细胞生长48 h后,集落形态与未干扰细胞相比差别不大,但隆起不如后者明显,形态也不如后者规则,生长速度也较慢,AKP染色阳性,与未转染细胞相比没有差别.     

Application of time-frequency distribution correlating and matching method in signal extraction

The time-frequency coupling relation between useful non-stationary components and noises bring great difficulties to the realization of de-noising for non-stationary signals,which can not be solved by classic de-noising method in time or frequency domain. The principles of short time Fourier transform(STFT),Wigner-Ville transform,Chirplet adaptive decomposition are analyzed,and then a novel de-noising method for non-stationary based on joint time-frequency distribution is proposed. In this method,the analyzed signal WVD is seen as the combination of auto-WVD and cross-term WVD. Firstly,STFT energy spectrum of the analyzed signal is used as template to cross-correlate with its corresponding WVD in order to obtain the satisfactory time-frequency distribution with high time-frequency resolution and without cross-term interferences. Secondly,the useful components are decomposed as Chirplet function using the two-dimension least square fitting method,and then are extracted out to reconstruct for noise suppression. Finally,the computer simulation results verify the effectiveness of this proposed method. Its application in gearbox fault diagnosis indicates that with the method the extracted cycle of the gearbox vibration impulses has a good consistency with the corresponding fault frequency.     

Interference elimination of PCB and its ramification in determining trace PBBs/PBDEs by GC/MS

The normal method to determine the trace brominated flame retardants such as polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) contained in the electronic and electrical products is gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). However, the method is based on the determinations of the persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polychlorinated naphthalene (PCNs) etc. The interferences of those compounds are inevitable. Therefore, in order to overcome this problem, two methods e.g. 1) The combination use of gas chromatography negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry (GC-NICI-MS) and gas chromatography-electron impact-mass spectrometry (GC-EI-MS) is employed, 2) a matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) method with YMC ODS-C18 as carrier is developed. The result show that, by the former method, the brominated isomers or ramifications are distinguished remarkably from other halogen compounds because that anion fragment retention peaks of ［Br］-, ［HBr2］- and molecule chain fragment retention peaks of ［M+2］+,［M+4］+,［M+6］+,［M+8］+ are observed simultaneously, and thus the selectivity to determine bromine-containing retardant flames is greatly improved. Using the latter method, the gas chromatographic peaks of multiple polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenylethers can be efficiently separated. Thus provides a project to solve interferences of POPs in brominated flame retardants’ determinations. The standard addition experimental results of 10 kinds of BDEs/PCBs belonging to 8 sorts of electronic and electrical equipment show this method has a high precision and reliability due to 60%～98% recovery and <9.5% relative error, which meet the needs regulated by the IEC Commission. It provides a technical support for electronic and eletrical industries in China to further comply with RoHS directive.     

利用农杆菌介导法获得RNAi转基因枫香的研究

随着我国林业生态工程和退耕还林的开展，木材生产与需求之间的矛盾愈加严重，培育速生优质大径材的研究更加重要。基于LEAFY基因在植物生长发育中的特性，利用PCR和Gateway技术构建了含有LEAFY基因保守序列的RNA干涉植物表达载体LFY-RI，利用根瘤农杆菌Agrobacterium tumefaciems介导法获得转基因植株，利用RNA干涉技术抑制转基因植株中LEAFY基因的表达，从而获得枫香Liquidambar formosana不育转基因植株。并利用聚合酶链式反应（PCR）技术和PCR-Southern杂交技术检测了转基因植株中外源基因整合情况。共获得了5株枫香转基因植株，分子检测表明，其中4株为转基因阳性植株。由于转基因植株还比较幼嫩，对它们生长发育以及木材品质的变化尚处于在观察中。图5参12     

云南金沙江流域退化天然林干扰成因及退化类型探讨

对云南金沙江流域受干扰退化后有代表性的天然植被类型进行调查，分析了导致天然林退化的干扰成因，探讨了该区域强度过伐林、恢复初期的天然次生林、疏林、灌木林以及破坏严重的退化生态系统的退化类型。把人为干扰程度分为微度干扰、轻度干扰、中度干扰和强度干扰等4个等级。对退化天然林类型进行划分，包括微度退化的林分24类，轻度退化的林分类型14类，中度退化林分14类，重度退化林分19类。表2参16     

亚硝酸盐对海水COD测定的影响及消除方法的研究

研究了ＮＯ２对海水ＣＯＤ的影响，结果表明：海洋监测规范中ＣＯＤ的测定方法不适合于ＮＯ２较高的污染海水，比较了氨基磺酸与叠氮化钠对ＮＯ２的掩蔽效果及测定方法。认为在依次加热氧化，冷却后加入固体ＫＩ，然后加入０．２ｍＬ深度为５ｇ／Ｌ的ＮａＮ３再酸化，可以消除２ｍｇ／Ｌ以下的ＮＯ２－Ｎ的干扰作用，同时也提出了用氨基物具体操作方法。     

茶翅蝽的行为与控制利用

为了有效控制茶翅蝽对果实产生的严重为害,分别在室内、外不同条件下,以声、光干扰方法研究该虫行为变化及其防制途径。结果表明,饥饿12 h的茶翅蝽蛰后对食物反应敏感;触角是嗅食、确定食物方位的主要器官;在10 cm范围内视觉对食物形状及取食位点产生作用;桃、梨、苹果的果实为其最喜食物;取食过程分寻找、定位、刺入、取食、结束和离去6个阶段;成虫取食、爬行与飞翔等行为受气温变化影响明显,25℃以上时行为敏捷;触角间夹角与温度上升呈显著正相关,在5~35℃范围内变幅为45°~150°;气温<23℃时初显假死行为,然后随温度渐降而加深;突然的声、光干扰能使其假死坠落,假死深度与气温下降和干扰源功率呈正相关。选择气温<21℃的适宜日时段,以棒击震树落虫,地面喷药触杀,可取得高效、安全的防治效果,且单株药物用量较常规药量降低88.4%。     

一语(L1)对英语语篇内人称指称习得的干扰--个案研究

基于一个五年级学生在美国英语习得过程中所提供的语料,探讨了汉英人称代词句法、语义差异对英语语篇内人称指称习得的干扰,干扰的结果主要体现在英语人称指称的不衔接性.具体地分析了差异所致的英语主格(nominative)、宾格(accusative)及属格(genitive)等形连的不相容性(incompatibility).     

烟草假单胞杆菌(Pseudomonas syringae pv.tabaci)菌落的扫描电镜和微分干涉差显微镜观察

用扫描电子显微镜和微分干涉差光学显微镜观察了烟草假单胞杆菌菌落的发生、形成及排列情况。扫描电镜观察结果表明:在菌落中该菌呈平卧状紧密排列;菌落边缘整齐;菌落表面及菌体之间有细菌的分泌物。微分干涉差显微镜观察表明:该菌菌落的发生、形成按分层式进行,即细菌先在培养基平面上繁殖成一层,然后在该层的中心隆起,分裂繁殖成第2层,并继续按此方式形成第3层、第4层等。菌落的边缘呈梯田状,菌体平卧紧密排列。