我国芒果产业营销对策浅析

通过分析我国芒果产业发展状况,提出了芒果产业的低碳营销、农超对接营销、奢侈品营销和数据库营销等对策。     

江苏省设施农业智能化现状及发展对策

阐述了设施农业智能化含义及其国内外发展概况,分析了江苏省设施农业智能化的现状、作用、存在问题和进一步发展的有利条件,提出了促进江苏省设施农业智能化发展的对策。     

Winter Hardiness, Frost Resistance and Vernalization Requirement of European Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus var. oleifera) Cultivars within the Last 20 Years

Cultivars of European winter oilseed rape cultivated in the second half of the 1970s and in the mid-1990s were screened for their winter hardiness, frost resistance and vernalization requirement. A strong correlation between winter hardiness and frost resistance in both groups of rape has been noticed. Among oilseed rapes cultivated in the late 1970s, low erucic acid and particularly double zero cultivars were less winter hard than high erucic acid cultivars. Double zero cultivars were characterized by lower frost resistance and lower vernalization requirement. A significant correlation between vernalization requirement and both frost resistance and field survival has also been shown. Frost resistance of the 1990s (double zero) cultivars was higher than that of double low cultivars from the late 1970s. Their vernalization requirement was still small and did not correlate with either frost resistance or winter hardiness. It was concluded that reduction in the content of glucosinolates in the 1970s involved decrease in winter hardiness and vernalization requirement of cultivars. During the following 20 years winter hardiness of double low cultivars has been improved, but vernalization requirements have not changed. As a result no correlation between winter hardiness and vernalization requirement in contemporary canola cultivars has been observed.     

浅谈磷化氢抗性害虫的成因及治理

西方从宏观和微观两方面介绍了仓库磷化氢抗性害虫的成因,从多角度分析了抗性害虫的方法,提出了实施磷化氢抗性害虫综合治理的策略。     

Identification of a major blast resistance gene in the rice cultivar 'Tetep'

Analysis of near‐isogenic lines (NILs) indicated the presence of a novel resistance gene in the indica rice cultivar ‘Tetep’ which was highly resistant to the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea.‘Tetep’ was crossed to the widely used susceptible cultivar ‘CO39’ to generate the mapping population. A Mendelian segregation ratio of 3 : 1 for resistant to susceptible F₂ plants further confirmed the presence of a major dominant locus, in ‘Tetep’, conferring resistance to the blast fungal isolate B157, corresponding to the international race IC9. Simple sequence length polymorphism (SSLP) was used for molecular genetic analysis. The analysis revealed that the SSLP marker RM 246 was linked to a novel blast resistance gene designated Pi‐tp(t) in ‘Tetep’.     

大豆种子抗劣变性的鉴定方法研究

以抗种子劣变性不同的５个栽培大豆和５个野生大豆品种为材料,比较了高温湿（相对湿度１００％,温度４０℃）条件下贮藏３天、７天、１０天和１４天及２０％的甲醇浸泡２小时等５种种子加速第化方法鉴定了种子抗劣变性的效果。结果表明,高温高湿老化７－１０天和２０％的甲醇浸泡２小时,可鉴定出大豆种子抗劣变性。     

竹种苗产业现状与发展对策

竹种苗是竹产业发展的基础。目前,我国竹种苗产业发展存在着生产能力不足、园林应用存在误区、竹种知识缺乏、市场经营不规范等问题。针对存在的问题,提出了促进竹种苗产业发展的建议,包括定向培育竹苗、建立信息交流平台、普及竹种知识、加强合作、开展基础研究等。     

番茄SlβCA3在防御丁香假单胞菌番茄致病变种中的功能

【背景】在全球气候变化的背景下,大气CO₂浓度的升高会影响植物病害的发生,进而影响农业生产。β型碳酸酐酶（β- carbonic anhydrase,βCA）是植物CO₂感应和浓缩系统中的重要组成元件,参与拟南芥和烟草的植物免疫过程,但在番茄（Solanum lycopersicum）等园艺作物中的研究较少。【目的】通过探究番茄SlβCA3在抵御植物病害中的作用及机制,为番茄生产中的抗性调控提供科学依据。【方法】以拟南芥AtβCA氨基酸系列为参考序列,在番茄Sol genomics network 数据库中鉴定到4个SlβCA。进一步以野生型（wild-type,WT）番茄‘Ailsa Craig’（AC）为材料接种丁香假单胞菌番茄致病变种（Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000,Pst DC3000）,利用qRT-PCR技术测定叶片中SlβCA的表达量,筛选出受Pst DC3000诱导表达的基因SlβCA3。在此基础上,以AC为背景,利用农杆菌介导法进行番茄遗传转化,构建SlβCA3稳定过表达植株（OE-SlβCA3）。通过观察OE-SlβCA3植株接种Pst DC3000后的抗性表型,明确SlβCA3在番茄抵御Pst DC3000过程中的作用。为了研究SlβCA3调控植物抗病性的内在机制,比较WT和OE-SlβCA3植株接种Pst DC3000与对照条件下转录组的变化,并利用KEGG数据库对差异基因进行功能分析,推测糖代谢与SlβCA3介导的免疫反应有关。最后,通过测定WT和OE-SlβCA3植株糖代谢及其信号途径相关基因表达量以及葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖含量,对转录组结果进行验证及分析。【结果】OE-SlβCA3植株对Pst DC3000的抗性增强,接种Pst DC3000后,叶片中的细菌生长量、病斑数以及死细胞积累量明显减少。转录组测序结果显示,正常条件下,OE-SlβCA3植株转录谱没有发生明显变化;接种Pst DC3000后,在WT和OE-SlβCA3植株中检测到2 100个Pst DC3000诱导基因,其中有63.3%的基因在OE-SlβCA3植株中表达量更高。KEGG分析结果显示,依赖于SlβCA3过表达的Pst DC3000诱导基因富集在糖代谢相关路径中,包括淀粉和蔗糖代谢,内质网中的蛋白质加工（糖基化）,氨基糖和核苷酸糖代谢,真核生物中的核糖体生物合成以及光合作用等路径。糖代谢与糖信号密不可分,qRT-PCR及糖含量测定结果显示,接种Pst DC3000后,OE-SlβCA3植株叶片中糖代谢及其信号传导途径相关基因表达量与葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖的含量较WT更高。【结论】番茄SlβCA3的过表达增强了植株对Pst DC3000的抗性,该过程可能与糖代谢及其信号通路在植物免疫中的作用有关。     

烟草品种对南方根结线虫抗性鉴定及抗性指标筛选

为了综合评价烟草抗南方根结线虫的能力,筛选出抗病指标,以20份烟草品种为试验材料,采用盆栽培育烟草幼苗人工接种南方根结线虫的方法,测量供试烟草品种在接种60 d后相对生长量和有关抗性指标,利用隶属函数和聚类分析相结合的方法对试验数据进行分析。结果表明,20个烟草品种受到南方根结线虫侵染后各器官的相对生长量、有关抗性指标均有差异。相对于其他指标,根结指数、抗性综合指标的聚类结果最相似,与相对生长量综合指标的聚类结果差异性也较小;通过隶属函数和聚类分析相结合的方法对烟草品种进行综合鉴定的结果与其他研究结果相符。综合表明,根结指数可基本反映烟草品种抗南方根结线虫的水平。     

两种野生岩生植物的抗旱适应性研究

采用盆栽试验研究干旱胁迫下两种野生岩生植物金发草[Pogonatherumpanideum(Lam.)Hack]、丛毛羊胡子草(ErioophorumcomosumNees)的抗旱形态、生理表现。结果表明随着干旱胁迫程度加强,两种野生岩生植物的叶片相对电导率增大;胁迫初期可溶性蛋白含量小幅度增加,随后呈缓慢下降;金发草丙二醛(MDA)含量呈上升趋势,羊胡子草则先降后升;金发草可溶性糖含量先升后降,羊胡子草则一直呈现缓慢上升趋势;游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量均呈先升后降趋势。综合各项指标,丛毛羊胡子草抗旱性强于金发草。