石空-兰州含蜡原油管道运行方案优化

根据石空-兰州原油管道沿线油温、地温数据以及油品物性,采用常温、加热及加剂综合热处理3种输送工艺,其下游进站油温应分别不低于22℃、20℃和17℃。将全年分为春夏秋冬4个运行时段,对不同输量下的运行方案进行细化,给出了详细的油温控制要求、异常工况应对方案,以及加剂输送时加剂系统故障工况下的保障方案。运行方案要求：进站油温须高于凝点3℃;沿线启炉加热出站油温不低于50℃;1、2月份综合热处理加剂量不低于25g／t,其他月份不低于12．5g／t。此外,在经济性方面,加剂综合热处理输送工艺明显优于加热输送工艺。（图1,表2,参12）     

从化温泉松材线虫病综合防治示范区建设及其成效

2001～2005年,在严密监测疫情的基础上,对从化温泉松材线虫病综合防治示范区采取检疫封锁、清除病死树、应用引诱剂防治和树干打孔注药等综合防治措施,取得了良好的防治效果,发病松林面积由2001年开始发病时的573.3 hm2减少到2005年底的346.7 hm2,病死树数量由2001年的3 726株降低到2005年的239株,林间松墨天牛种群数量也大幅度下降.初步形成了一套较为完整的松材线虫病防治技术方法.     

基于APSIM模型的旱地春玉米施肥类型及氮肥用量研究

为探究玉米高产和减少硝态氮残留的合理施肥模式,通过山西寿阳旱地春玉米田间试验和APSIM模型模拟,研究不同施肥类型和施氮量对春玉米产量、硝态氮残留量和氮肥利用率的影响。田间试验设置3个施肥类型主处理,包括化肥单施、有机无机肥配施（配施比例1∶1）和有机肥单施;7个施肥梯度副处理,分别为0、50、100、150、200、250、300 kg·hm^-2,并利用2019—2021年试验站点数据对模型进行校准验证。结果表明：APSIM模型可以较好地模拟当地玉米产量和硝态氮残留量状况。各降水年型下,随氮肥施用量的增加,玉米产量先增加后减少,硝态氮残留量显著增加,氮肥利用率有所降低;相同施肥类型及施肥量下,丰水年的春玉米作物产量最高,硝态氮残留量最低,氮肥利用率最高;相同降水年型及施肥量下,有机无机肥配施方式的春玉米产量最高,硝态氮残留量居中,氮肥利用率最高。相较于化肥单施和有机肥单施方式,有机无机肥配施对于干旱地区玉米产量提升效果更好,其土壤硝态氮残留量对降水变化的敏感性相对较低,其氮肥利用率受降水影响也更小。综上,当施氮量介于148~168 kg·hm^-2时,有机无机肥配施方式下土壤硝态氮残留量维持在阈值内,春玉米产量可达到理论产量的95%左右,适宜在研究区域推广应用。     

Quality versus quantity: spring wheat seed size and seeding rate effects on Avena fatua interference, economic returns and economic thresholds

A 3-year field experiment was conducted at Kalispell, Montana, USA, to investigate the effects of spring wheat seed size and seeding rate on wheat yield loss (YL), economic returns and economic thresholds (ETs), as a function of Avena fatua density. Crop competitive ability increased as wheat seeding rate and seed size increased, with the greatest differences among treatment factors being observed at low weed densities. Both treatment factors decreased spring wheat YL, increasing economic returns during all 3 years of the study despite the higher associated seed costs. Averaged over all other factors, adjusted gross returns (AGR) were 477 and 537$ ha⁻¹ for the low and high seeding rates, while values of 453, 521 and 547$ ha⁻¹ were obtained for the small, bulk and large seed size classes respectively. Weed-free yield potential varied yearly. As yield potential increased, A. fatua competitive effects were more evident and ETs decreased. Nonetheless, both treatment factors increased ETs in 2 of 3 years. These results demonstrate that the use of higher seeding rates and larger seed size classes both improve wheat competitive ability towards A. fatua while simultaneously increasing economic returns.     

水肥一体机EC传感器安装特性试验研究

【目的】确定水肥一体机EC传感器最佳安装角度。【方法】通过试验测定不同安装角度条件下,肥液的电导率值。【结果】从偏差系数可以看出,90°条件下(EC传感器处于水平位置),EC传感器所测得的EC值波动范围最小,其EC监测通道监测效果最好。且90°、135°、180°条件下,EC监测通道的监测效果要明显优于0°和45°条件。【结论】水肥一体机的EC传感器最佳安装角度为90°。同时,为避免溶质粘附在EC传感器的电极上面影响测量精度,应选用90(°水平方向)安装EC传感器,而不采用135°和180°条件安装。     

基于计算机网络的水肥一体机监控作业研究

针对我国传统的灌溉和施肥技术的水分利用率较低、农田管理效率低下的问题,基于计算机网络技术对水肥一体机的监控作业进行研究.该水肥一体机的主要组成包括设备模块、通信模块、数据模块、接口模块和用户模块.农作物生长状态主要受电导率(EC)和酸碱度(pH值)的影响,为了实现对这两项指标的控制和调节,对水肥一体机的监控软件进行设计...     

基于Python的双过滤水肥一体机智能控制研究

为了满足不同生长时期植株水肥需求,基于基于Python的双过滤图像处理方法及环境监测技术,设计了可以自适应调节的水肥控制系统,主要包括氮肥含量控制和浇灌量控制.氮肥含量控制:首先,CCD摄头采集植株图像,应用Python的双过滤图像处理方法得到植株高度;其次,建立不同生长时期最高植株对应的氮肥浓度的曲线;再次,采用色度...     

Integrated Pest Management in Cocoa Agroforests in Southern Cameroon: Constraints and Overview

Imports of pesticides have long been subsidised for use in the cocoa agroforests of the humid forest zone of southern Cameroon. With the liberalisation of the cocoa and pesticides sectors and the devaluation of the local currency (CFA franc), farmers are facing fluctuations in the price paid for cocoa and the high cost of farm inputs. Without the support of the extension services, they themselves have developed traditional integrated control methods based on the use of plant extracts mixed with conventional pesticides. From a survey of 300 cocoa farmers, the study assesses the farmers' command of these methods, the pests controlled, the problems encountered and the institutional constraints in the definition and dissemination of integrated control methods. The study concludes with recommendations for research and development towards the better definition and dissemination of integrated control methods. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.