欧盟屠宰检疫检验规则研究

作者对欧盟有关畜禽屠宰检验检疫法规指令、英国实施屠宰检疫的具体做法进行的研究梳理,旨在为我国制定实施相关屠宰检疫检验法规制度,开展屠宰行业管理提供借鉴和参考。     

牛结核γ-干扰素ELISA检测方法在检疫工作中的应用

为评价牛γ-干扰素ELISA检测方法检测牛结核的效果及国产试剂盒的检测效果,本试验首先将国产试剂盒与Prionics试剂盒对42份相对阳性的样品和105份相对阴性的样品进行对比研究。然后对5个规模化牛场的3000头奶牛首先进行国产单纯结核菌素颈部皮内变态反应试验,3天后选取皮内变态反应阳性和可疑及部分阴性牛共418头,进行牛γ-干扰素试验。结果国产试剂盒对阳性和阴性样品的检测敏感性和特异性分别为95.2%和100%,与Priobics试剂盒的符合率为99.3%。表明国产试剂盒与进口试剂盒的检测能力一致,牛γ-干扰素检测方法准确可靠。5个牛场的3000头奶牛单纯结核菌素颈部皮内变态反应试验阳性为138头,可疑105头。γ-干扰素试验对418头奶牛的检测,其中阳性74头,与颈部皮内变态反应（可疑牛暂时视为阴性）的符合率为60.5%。     

家蚕平附种母蛾微粒子病集团抽样检验方法改进研究

以超几何分布和二项分布为基本数学模型,综合现行家蚕母蛾微粒子病集团检验方法的优点,结合广西蚕种生产实际,以集团为单位,设计形成适合平附种的计数二次抽样检验方法。分别从理论和实际两个方面对新方案进行了比较分析。结果表明新方案解决了现行方法有毒集团与有毒蛾数不对等的问题,改进了农业行业标准散卯种方法过于严格,生产方风险过大的问题,改进了农业行业标准平附种方法过于宽松,使用方风险失控的问题,同时检验结果准确,检验工作量少,具有较高的准确性和较好的经济性。     

基于首轮内检测数据的成品油管道内腐蚀分析及对策

为了做好在役成品油管道内腐蚀的监测和防控,通过进一步挖掘首轮内检测数据的价值,提出了分析思路:通过差异分析水线区域内的内腐蚀绝对深度的离散情况,结合内腐蚀与焊缝、弯头等管道附件的相对位置以及管道工艺运行情况等数据信息,半定量定位内腐蚀敏感区。以某成品油管道为例,对两条管段内的腐蚀情况进行分析,发现管内的腐蚀集聚是由于管道施工建设期产生的内腐蚀逐渐发展形成的。定位了以管节为基本单元的腐蚀敏感管段,建议将管道内检测数据作为工程建设质量评估的关键数据,新建管道尽早开展以实施内检测为目标的管道清管作业,增加清管频次,尽快将管内铁锈清除干净,随后开展常规清管作业,从而有效减缓内腐蚀的发展。(图2,表4,参20)     

国际食品法典2015至2019年农药评估优先列表评介

为了解国际食品法典委员会(CAC)农药最大残留限量(MRLs)制定最新动向,文章介绍了2015—2019年CAC的农药评估优先列表,就未来5年内CAC将评估的新化合物、新用途及再评估的化合物进行了总结评述,并对这些化合物在我国的登记情况进行了分析,以供有意向国际食品法典委员会农药残留专家联席会议(JMPR)提交数据的政府或相关企业、以及国内关注国际农药残留限量标准制定进展的相关科研机构参考。同时,文章对我国应如何参与国际残留限量标准制定工作提出了建议,认为我国可通过提交扩大农药使用范围数据,加强我国农药在小作物上的登记,从而促进农产品的出口。     

国内外致泻大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7的检测标准比较及建议

致泻大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7（STEC O157:H7）是大肠埃希氏菌中致病性最严重的一种食源性致病菌,主要存在于牛肉、牛奶、水果及其制品中,对身体健康造成很大危害,甚至引发死亡。食品中STEC O157:H7检测尤为重要。本文对国内外STEC O157:H7的检测标准进行比较,提出我国标准在样品前处理、快速筛选方法的应用等方面需要加强,以便为该菌快速准确检测提供帮助,实现与国际标准化体系建设接轨,满足实验室检测需要。     

The availability of state-level data on interstate cattle movements in the United States

Knowledge about the patterns of animal movement – particularly feeder-cattle movement – within the USA is necessary in order to anticipate how diseases might be spread geographically. This study was conducted to explore the availability of interstate-level movement data which might be used to develop a more coherent national picture of interstate feeder-cattle movement. State Statistical Offices of the National Agricultural Statistics Service, 1996 (NASS) and Departments of Agriculture in all 50 states were contacted to determine the type of information collected regarding the import and export of feeder cattle. Eighteen of the 50 states contacted recorded updated import and export information by using certificates of veterinary inspection and (occasionally) entry permits for verification. The 18 states were: Alabama, Colorado, Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Texas, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. Profiles of import and export data from Kansas, Texas, Colorado and Iowa (the primary receivers of 51% of total 1995 imports) were developed. These four states received at least 50% of their cattle imports from <9 different states. As a result, approximately half of the nation's import movement can be explained by a total of 13 states and Mexico (excluding duplicates). Also, >50% of the exports from Kansas, Texas, Colorado, and Iowa go to ≤3 states. This import and export information confirms conclusions of others that cattle tend to move toward the center of the USA. However, if more states kept comprehensive, up-to-date records of movement information, knowledge about cattle-movement patterns in the USA would be importantly increased. The lack of specific notations on certificates of veterinary inspection can lead only to perceived trends; the present records have limited value in tracking animal movement.     

上海市规模化猪场保育猪传染病的调查分析

于2003年-2004年间对上海的13个规模化猪场的保育猪进行了集中采样,并结合临床检查、细菌学检测、血清学检测和病毒学诊断等方式对保育猪传染病进行了综合性调查,基本弄清了保育猪传染病的主要致病因子,为采取切实有效的针对性措施提供了技术支持。     

国际食品法典农药残留限量标准2016年制修订情况分析

国际食品法典委员会近日发布了2015年农药残留联席会议推荐的29种农药415项农药最大残留限量标准草案.标准草案涉及到的农药绝大多数在我国取得登记并广泛使用,预计将会对我国农药残留限量标准制修订工作和我国农产品进出口贸易产生较大影响.本文介绍了标准草案及其毒理参数和膳食摄入风险等内容,结合我国相关标准进行比对研究,建议相关农药管理、标准制定部门以及农产品进出口贸易管理部门能够予以关注.     

Effects of cryptic mortality and the hidden costs of using length limits in fishery management

Fishery collapses cause substantial economic and ecological harm, but common management actions often fail to prevent overfishing. Minimum length limits are perhaps the most common fishing regulation used in both commercial and recreational fisheries, but their conservation benefits can be influenced by discard mortality of fish caught and released below the legal length. We constructed a computer model to evaluate how discard mortality could influence the conservation utility of minimum length regulations. We evaluated policy performance across two disparate fish life‐history types: short‐lived high‐productivity (SLHP) and long‐lived low‐productivity (LLLP) species. For the life‐history types, fishing mortality rates and minimum length limits that we examined, length limits alone generally failed to achieve sustainability when discard mortality rate exceeded about 0.2 for SLHP species and 0.05 for LLLP species. At these levels of discard mortality, reductions in overall fishing mortality (e.g. lower fishing effort) were required to prevent recruitment overfishing if fishing mortality was high. Similarly, relatively low discard mortality rates (>0.05) rendered maximum yield unobtainable and caused a substantial shift in the shape of the yield response surfaces. An analysis of fishery efficiency showed that length limits caused the simulated fisheries to be much less efficient, potentially exposing the target species and ecosystem to increased negative effects of the fishing process. Our findings suggest that for overexploited fisheries with moderate‐to‐high discard mortality rates, reductions in fishing mortality will be required to meet management goals. Resource managers should carefully consider impacts of cryptic mortality sources (e.g. discard mortality) on fishery sustainability, especially in recreational fisheries where release rates are high and effort is increasing in many areas of the world.