汽车风噪声产生机理研究

阐述了车辆风噪声的重要性,并对风噪声进行了分类和总结,对各项风噪声的产生机理进行了分析和探讨,找出了风噪声的主要来源,为细化汽车设计和试验分析提供了重要的理论基础。     

典型废弃生物质的热解特性研究

对6种典型废弃生物质(锯末、稻壳、纸屑、橱芥、废塑料、废橡胶)进行热重实验分析及热解动力学分析;同时,利用TG/DTG曲线分析了它们的基本热解特性,包括热解区间、最大热解速率的温度、不同加热速度等对热解进程的影响等;通过热解动力学分析,给出了基本的热解动力学方程,研究了各种原料在不同升温速率下的热解动力学参数,为废弃生物质制取生物质能源技术提供基础数据.     

Phosphorus dynamics in tile-drain flow during storms in the US Midwest

Excess phosphorus (P) in freshwater systems has been associated with eutrophication in agro-ecosystems of the US Midwest and elsewhere. A better understanding of processes regulating both soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and total phosphorus (TP) exports to tile-drains is therefore critical to minimize P losses to streams while maintaining crop yield. This paper investigates SRP and TP dynamics at a high temporal resolution during four spring storms in two tile-drains in the US Midwest. Depending on the storm, median concentrations varied between 0.006-0.025 mg/L for SRP and 0.057-0.176 mg/L for TP. For large storms (>6 cm bulk precipitation), for which macropore flow represented between 43 and 50% of total tile-drain flow, SRP transport to tile-drains was primarily regulated by macropore flow. For smaller tile-flow generating events (<3 cm bulk precipitation), for which macropore flow only accounted for 11-17% of total tile-drain flow, SRP transport was primarily regulated by matrix flow. Total P transport to tile-drains was primarily regulated by macropore flow regardless of the storm. Soluble reactive P (0.01-1.83 mg m⁻²/storm) and TP (0.10-8.64 mg m⁻²/storm) export rates were extremely variable and positively significantly correlated to both mean discharge and bulk precipitation. Soluble reactive P accounted for 9.9-15.5% of TP fluxes for small tile-flow generating events (<3 cm bulk precipitation) and for 16.2-22.0% of TP fluxes for large precipitation events (>6 cm bulk precipitation). Although significant variations in tile-flow response to precipitation were observed, no significant differences in SRP and TP concentrations were observed between adjacent tile-drains. Results stress the dominance of particulate P and the importance of macropore flow in P transport to tile-drains in the US Midwest. Although only spring storms are investigated, this study brings critical insight into P dynamics in tile-drains at a critical time of the year for water quality management.     

北运河流域非点源氮磷污染模拟分析及灌溉模式优化

为了减轻北运河流域农田灌溉引起的非点源污染,探索良性农田管理模式,选取北运河流域武清区为研究对象,采用改进的SWAT模型模拟不同灌溉方案下武清区地表径流非点源氮磷污染。结果表明：同一灌溉定额下,随着污灌次数的增加,流域水体内氮磷负荷总量呈先降后升的趋势;在所制定的灌溉情景中,冬小麦越冬、拔节期和夏玉米抽雄期进行污灌,其...     

密云水库小流域非点源污染负荷估算研究

采用Johnes输出系数法以及SCS径流曲线和通用土壤流失方程估算法,对密云土门西沟小流域非点源污染负荷进行估算。结果表明,土门西沟小流域内附着态污染负荷的输出量是溶解态污染物输出量的3倍多,而附着态污染物输出量的大小主要由土壤侵蚀量决定,因此,控制流域内非点源污染的关键是加强该区的水土保持防治工作。Johnes输出系数法可用于观测资料比较缺乏的流域,而SCS径流曲线和通用土壤流失方程估算法除了可以估算总氮、总磷的含量外,还能分别估算出溶解态氮、磷和附着态氮、磷的量,使得防治非点源污染的措施可以更加有针对性。     

串联式混合动力系统功率合成规律的理论与试验研究

针对串联式混合动力系统中两种动力源——发电机组和蓄电池组在进行功率合成时存在电压合成范围窄、合成效果不理想的问题,搭建了串联式混合动力系统理论模型,推导出了两种动力源功率合成的规律公式,得到了功率合成的规律,并在串联式混合动力试验台上进行了台架试验,验证了其正确性。     

空气阀在多水源高扬程供水工程中的水锤防护研究

【目的】研究多水源高扬程供水工程在断电停泵时的水力过渡特性及其水锤防护措施。【方法】基于一维瞬变流理论和特征线法,对空气阀采用自由气体空穴理论,建立供水系统整体数学模型。针对无防护措施下的断电工况过渡过程计算结果,选择在水泵出口侧和扬水管地面段末端设置快关式逆止阀,在供水管道局部高点设置空气阀的联合水锤防护措施,并进行了空气阀参数的敏感性分析。【结果】在未采取水锤防护措施时,在水泵出口侧发生较大压降且供水管道沿线最低内水压力严重超标。在采取合适的水锤防护措施后,在断电工况下,水泵无反转且泵后最小压力不低于-5m,泵后扬水管最小压力不低于-5m,供水主管最大压力不超过160m,最小压力不低于-5m。【结论】空气阀可对水泵出口侧和供水管道的负压起到很好的控制效果。     

无机碳源对零价铁介导的自养脱氮序批式反应器处理高氨氮废水的影响

无机碳源作为自养微生物的能量来源,是影响自养脱氮细菌富集的重要因素。文章通过添加不同量的KHCO3作为ZVI介导的自养脱氮体系中无机碳源,研究反应体系的脱氮效果影响趋势以及适宜的无机碳源添加量。结果如下:1)KHCO3作为无机碳源可以显著提高NH^+4-N去除率,KHCO3添加量越多,其NH^+4-N去除率越高。KHCO3添加量分别为2 g,1 g,0.5 g的SBR反应器R2,R1,R0.5的NH^+4-N去除率分别为98.39%,65.18%,44.56%,相较不添加KHCO3的R0分别提高86.5%,53.29%,32.67%。ZVI的添加会降低KHCO3对NH^+4-N氧化的促进作用。2)KHCO3可明显提高TIN去除效果,促进总氮脱除的高低顺序是R1>R0.5>R2,SBR反应器R2,R1,R0.5的平均TIN去除率分别为19.01%,32.04%,27.62%,相较于空白组R0分别提高了10.60%,23.63%,19.21%。3)KHCO3可中和硝化反应产生的H^+,对反应体系具有缓冲作用,可使微生物处于较适宜的酸碱环境中,更有利于反应器的稳定运行。4)适量的无机碳源KHCO3可以促进氨氧化细菌和厌氧氨氧化细菌的活性。该研究探讨了无机碳源在零价铁脱氮体系中的影响趋势,为铁型脱氮技术提供了理论支撑。     

小麦黄矮病新抗源中4,中5的选育及应用研究

中4、中5是用经过连续3年系统选育的天蓝偃麦草作父本,地理远缘的小麦品种克强与南大2419杂交的F_5后代材料作母本,通过两者杂交,并采取延长生育法等技术克服F_1不育性,经过连续9年选育而成.对小麦黄矮病高抗,对条、叶、秆三种锈病的多种生理小种均表现免疫至高抗,还具有高蛋白(含量17.08%、17.13%);高赖氨酸(含量为0.483%、0.50%)等特点,是人工合成的优异的小麦多抗、优质资源.用中4、中5与普通小麦杂交,已成功地将抗黄矮病基因转移到普通小麦,育成陕麦8007、陕麦8124、忻4070、忻4079、中1001等品种(系).     

Use of Canopy Temperature Measurements as a Screening Tool for Drought Tolerance in Spring Wheat

Remotely sensed infrared canopy temperatures provide an efficient method for rapid, non-destructive monitoring of whole-plant response to water stress. Field studies were conducted in 1992 and 1993 to evaluate the potential for using canopy temperatures to screen for drought tolerance in wheat. In both years, 12 spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes were grown under two irrigation levels (well-watered and moisture-stressed) imposed between tillering and anthesis with a line-source sprinkler irrigation system. Canopy temperature measurements were taken in well-watered and moisture-stressed plots between 1330 and 1430 h (MDT) on five clear days in 1992 and seven clear days in 1993 during the late vegetative and early reproductive growth periods following closure of the plant canopy. Genotypes exhibited differences in mean canopy temperatures across the two irrigation levels and two years. Klasic consistently had the highest canopy temperature under moisture-stressed conditions, while Bannock and Pondera had the lowest. Bannock, Yecora Rojo and Klasic had the warmest canopies under well-watered conditions, while Vandal, Amidon and Rick had the coolest. Plot-to-plot variation in canopy temperature under water stress conditions was evident for differences in grain yield. Significant correlations between canopy temperature and yield under moisture-stress conditions and drought susceptibility index values indicated the potential for screening wheat genotypes for drought response.