新疆生产建设兵团重点地区中小河流治理存在的问题及对策

阐述新疆生产建设兵团重点地区中小河流开发治理现状及存在问题,提出该地区中小河流开发治理的基本原则及任务,确定治理的范围与重点,进行治理规划布局,为水务部门进行流域规划治理与管理提供科学依据。     

浅议农村河道生态环境承载力

分析了农村河道和城市河道在特点、功能侧重以及污染状况上的差异,借鉴城市水资源承载力和水环境承载力,提出了农村河道生态环境承载力的定义及特点,形成了研究农村河道生态环境承载力的基础概念。     

新疆伊犁河谷引种银杏授粉试验初探

对新疆伊犁河谷伊宁市园艺场引种的银杏进行人工辅助授粉试验,调查坐果率,为伊犁河谷地区种植银杏提供参考。结果表明:银杏坐果率可达21%,引种银杏在当地可以完成其整个生育周期。建议大量推广银杏引种,发展银杏产业,为当地农民增加经济收入。     

黄灌区农场管理模式下玉米自交系繁育研究——以甘肃省靖远县寺儿坪农场为例

以甘肃省靖远县寺儿坪农场为例,阐述了在黄灌区农场管理模式下自交系繁育的优势和存在的问题,并提出该模式下生产玉米自交系的对策,为从事玉米自交系繁育人员提供一定的指导意义。     

河段水环境容量计算模型研究

根据水功能区水质标准计算河段水环境容量是污染物总量控制的依据。考虑河段的功能区划及河段的流量、流速等条件,依据实测资料建立了河段水环境容量的一维模型。模型为水体纳污能力相对模型,体现了水体对不同污染物的容纳空间。模型应用于天津外环河段,上下断面污染物的CODcr、NH3-N、TN、TP预测值与实测数据拟合较好,该模型可以用于河段水环境容量计算。     

内蒙古黄河灌区籽用西瓜种质资源调查

内蒙古黄河灌区是我国籽用西瓜主产区之一,栽培历史久远,籽用西瓜种质资源丰富。为全面掌握当地地区籽用西瓜种质资源,2009年和2010年连续两年开展籽用西瓜种质资源调查,比较各调查点分布籽瓜的生态生活习性,初步查清了内蒙古黄河灌区分布的籽瓜栽培品种(类型),为籽用西瓜规范化、标准化生产及高效栽培技术开发和品种选育提供理论依据。     

河道生物护岸技术研究进展与思考

生物护岸技术集水土保持、生态修复、水质净化功能于一体,是当前国内外研究的热点。简要总结生物护岸的发展历史,讨论生物护岸的防护原理,着重介绍生物护岸的主要形式及其适用性,并结合现状分析当前国内生物护岸研究中存在的问题。     

降雨对减小河流水污染的定量分析研究

在对郑州市雨水利用研究基础上,针对降雨对城市污染河道清污作用,结合郑州市东风渠的具体情况,建立了降雨对河流水污染的稀释和降解作用的数学模型。应用结果表明,该模型可以用来预测降雨对污染河道水质的影响和作用。     

流域水资源初始产权界定初探以黑河流域中游为例

随着水资源短缺程度的加剧 ,可交易水权制度逐渐成为当今世界水资源管理制度发展的新方向。水资源初始产权是水资源管理的基础和前提。在干旱区内陆河流域 ,产权初始配置要在生态环境可持续的前提下 ,坚持公平、效益相结合的分配目标和配置原则。本文建立了初始水权配置指标体系 ,对黑河流域进行实地问卷调查 ,在此基础上对用户调查结果进行专家判断修正 ,应用层次分析法研究了各分配指标的权重分布。以黑河流域张掖地区为例的界定结果表明 ,除上游的肃南县和山丹县外 ,其余各县市的实际用水量都超过了各自界定的初始水权 ,这种差别为水资源产权交易管理提供了现实依据 ,为开展流域上游的生态保护补偿提供了理论基础     

Recovery of biochemical functionality in polluted flood-plain soils: The role of microhabitat differentiation through revegetation and rehabilitation of the river dynamics

Soil biogeochemical functions in flood-plains are controlled mainly by interactions between river flooding dynamics and vegetation change. This generates a pattern of landscape cross-sectional and longitudinal heterogeneity in texture, microtopography and plant cover. Agricultural uses restrain such mechanisms, eliminating the mosaic of soil environments and vegetation patches in natural flood-plains. The ecological restoration performed in ca. 5000 ha of agricultural lands in the Guadiamar river basin (SW Spain), affected by the Aználcollar mine spill in 1998 (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn-rich pyritic sludge), has focused on the re-creation of those controlling mechanisms (enhancement of the natural river flooding dynamics and patchy afforestation). We have studied temporal trends, and the role of specific habitats differentiation in the river terraces, on the recovery of the soil biochemical status in the emerging ecosystems. During 2000–2004, the geometric mean of enzyme activities (dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase, urease, arylsulfatase, acid and alkaline phosphatase) increased three-fold in the most-impacted, coarser textured, upper-watershed soils; and by six-fold in less polluted, loamy soils at the mid-watershed. In 2005, sampling was stratified by microhabitats at two representative watershed sections. Vegetation cover-type and transport/sedimentation processes are the main driving forces increasing both the mean value and intra-site spatial heterogeneity of soil properties (especially enzyme activities) in reclaimed areas. In the wet season, soil enzyme activity under adult trees (holm-oaks and Eucaliptus), and in spots where silt and plant residues had accumulated during previous floodings, was more than 50% higher than in bare areas. However, activities were strongly inhibited in eroded areas where pollutant residues appeared in the surface. Woody patches and the grassy matrix of revegetated areas showed distinctive soil N features. Specific plant species effects were observed, such as a generally high enzymatic activity in soils under Tamarix gallica.