美国山核桃在云南的引种适应性报告

1974～2000年美国山核桃在云南省漾濞、永平、昌宁等地进行引种试验和扩大引种试验表明，该树种生长量以第7年最大，金华和绍兴品种结果多，产量高；山站2号和兴林13号各项丰产指标均低，株产量少；结实大小年明显，金华品种为2年一周期，绍兴为3年；与原产地浙江相比，品质较好；在中亚热带生长和开花结实表现很好。美国山核桃与国内外在良好管理条件下的产量和质量基本相同，适宜于云南省栽培。从而为云南省增添了一个新的经济林木树种，填补了核桃分布下限没有好的油料干果树种可供发展的空白。     

刚果12号桉与厚荚相思混交林的养分效应

刚果12号桉与厚荚相思行状混交抑制了两试验树种的生长,混交提高了桉树N营养水平,却降低了桉树P、K的吸收量.混交对林木生长的影响可能由两树种间N的再分配和P、K的竞争的养分效应所致.     

马尾松-木荷混交造林效果的调查研究

我国南方立地条件差的低丘岗地,营造马尾松纯林易遭病虫危害,水土流失严重,林地肥力降低,难于成材,为此,对江西高安县9年生马尾松-木荷混交林及其纯林进行了综合调查研究,设立标准地,进行林分生长量、生物量、叶面积、根系、土壤、植被、病虫害、枯落物、水土流失、小气候等观测研究。结果表明,混交林的树高、胸径、每公顷立木蓄积量分别比纯松林大30 9%、31 7%、10 7%,生物量是纯松林的2 24倍,枯落物是纯松、荷林的3 37、1 96倍,病虫害的株发生率、水土流失、小气候等的改善均优于纯松林。松 荷混交林是我国亚热带地区,尤其是低丘岗地上值得推广的优良针阔混交类型。在生产上,建议进行株间、行间或小块状混交,或星散状混交,马尾松、木荷混交比例为5～3∶1,初植株行距为1 2m×1 2m、1 5m×1 5m或2m×2m,密度为4440～6944株·hm-2。     

番荔枝在元江的引种成效及栽培技术

1992年在云南省元江县 4个引种点的种植试验结果表明 :番荔枝在元江海拔 4 0 0～ 92 1m ,年均温 2 1～2 4℃的干热河谷地区生长良好 ,种后 2～ 3年开始结果 ,每hm2 产量达 2 5 5 4kg ;6年生幼树每hm2 产果 14 4 5 8kg,产值 4 86 30元。番荔枝对土壤的适应性较强 ,但以砂壤土种植为宜 ,可获高产。番荔枝间种芒果模式 ,是提高幼林果园经济效益的一种有效经营方式。另对番荔枝的育苗、种植技术、水肥管理、整形修剪、病虫害防治等作了系统介绍     

Root growth enhancement by rhizospheric aluminum treatment in Quercus serrata Thunb. seedlings

This article discusses the effect of aluminum on root growth of Querucus serrata Thunb. In a 9-week hydroponics experiment, the effects of various concentrations (0 to 5.0 mM) of Al on root growth were examined. Results revealed that root biomass increases with the increase in Al concentration up to 2.5 mM, and then it tended to decrease. In the next experiment, the effects of H⁺ and Al³⁺ on roots were compared in a 4-week hydroponics experiment using three treatment solutions: control (pH 6.0), −Al (without Al, pH 3.5), and +Al (with 2.5 mM Al, pH 3.5). No clear difference in the biomass and root length between the control and −Al treated roots was observed, and root and shoot biomass were increased by Al treatment. These results confirmed that the H⁺ concentration level, at a pH of 3.5, is not toxic for Q. serrata and the Al-induced increase in root biomass is not caused by the amelioration of H⁺ toxicity by Al. In the third experiment, roots were exposed to an Al solution (pH 3.6) intermittently. This treatment clarified that Al stimulated rooting and root elongation. In the fourth experiment, the effect of 1 mM Al on root growth during a 15-month period in a sand culture were examined. This experiment confirmed that Al stimulated good growth and development of root systems at appropriate concentrations. Therefore, it is considered that Al-induced root growth enhancement occurs as a long-term and short-term phenomenon.     

杜鹃花属植物内生真菌对毛棉杜鹃幼苗生长的影响

对来自粤北3种野生杜鹃花属植物根样中的聚多曲霉（Aspergillus sydowii）（菌株号：YJ1,YS2）、杂色曲霉A. versicolor（菌株号：GD1）3个内生真菌菌株及其混合菌剂进行瓶内接种试验,比较其对毛棉杜鹃（Rhododendron moulmainense）幼苗的菌根侵染率、苗高和生物量的影响。结果表明,3个菌株及其混合菌剂均可与毛棉杜鹃幼苗根系形成菌根共生体,但不同菌剂在不同培养基上对毛棉杜鹃幼苗根系的侵染力、苗高增长和生物量增重效果存在显著差异（P<0.05）。多数菌剂（YS2、M3、M1、M2）在MMN培养基上对幼苗根系侵染力显著高于WPM培养基和混合基质培养基（P<0.05）,而多数接菌苗（YJ1、GD1、M2、M3）在WPM培养基上生长显著优于MMN培养基（P<0.05）,YS2、GD1和混合菌剂M2（YS2+GD1）对毛棉杜鹃幼苗的增高和增重具有明显的促生作用。     

祁连山森林土壤的水文生态效应

祁连山水源涵养林受立地水热条件的影响和自然、历史干扰,多世代演替共存,分布占祁连山3个垂直气候带,主要由湿性灌丛林、青海云杉林、祁连圆柏林、干性灌丛林4种类型组成,6个林型即湿性灌丛林、藓类青海云杉林、灌木青海云杉林、草类青海云杉林、祁连圆柏林、干性灌丛林。调查研究表明,各类森林枯落物(层)的现存量,组成成分、持水率、持水量等均不相同。森林土壤矿质层的主要物理性质因森林类型而不同,并均随着土壤的深度呈某种规律性的变异。森林土壤的持水量主要受土壤孔隙度的影响。在祁连山林区,森林土壤的持水量较非林地(牧坡草地)土壤为高,在各森林类型中青海云杉林和灌丛林的持水量,较祁连圆柏林为高。     

不同水分条件下皮叶两用杜仲林的生长效应

对12年生杜仲进行人工供水处理,研究土壤水分对皮叶两用杜仲林萌条生长规律的影响.结果表明:不同水平的供水对新枝生长均有促进作用,6~9月份,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级供水处理的新枝枝长生长量分别较对照增加30.2%、37.1%、77.9%、56.2%,新枝直径生长量分别较对照增加22.4%、53.7%、117.9%、83.6%;Ⅲ级供水最有利于萌条的生长,二次分枝数最多(43个/株),平均枝条长度最长(27.3 cm),单株叶片数和叶干质量分别为162个.株-1和16.5 g.株-1;杜仲供水多时,水分并不能被根部全部吸收,水分利用效率降低;5~9月份,秦岭南坡杜仲适宜的灌水量为1 050 m3.hm-2.     

Post-fire habitat restoration of sables during winter season in northern slope of the Great Xing＇an Mountains

Habitat loss and fragmentation have been associated with the decline of endangered species. In 1987, a catastrophic fire in the northern Great Hing＇an Mountains of China, where the main habitat of sables （Martes zibellina） is located, aggravated the loss and fragmentation of the forest landscape. Due to restricted distribution and low population density, sables were listed in the national first-grade protected species in China. The objective of this paper was to identify to what extent the habitat of sables had been restored 13 years after the fire. Based on the behavioral data, which came from field survey information by radio-tracking, GPS （Global Positioning System） and forest inventory data, suitability habitat maps were derived using the Ecological Niche Suitability Model （ENSM）. In addition, the habitat structure was analyzed with selected landscape indices. Although forest cover mostly had been restored by 2000, the results indicated that, compared to the pre-fire situation, the areas of suitable habitat had been reduced significantly, especially those of less suitable, marginally suitable and moderately suitable designation. Fragmentation was aggravated, and suitable patches were found to be further isolated with the exception of those in most suitable areas. The ratio of the patch perimeter to area in unsuitable, moderately suitable and suitable areas decreased, while the ratios within other suitability types increased. Moreover, the percentage of soft boundaries decreased slightly, which can influence the redistribution of sables. The results above indicated that the suitable habitat had deteriorated, and the restoration of the sables＇ habitat remained to be done.     

女儿寨小流域植被恢复与重建过程中的小气候效应研究

以女儿寨小流域为研究对象，着重研究了植被恢复重建过程中小流域系统的小气候变化特征。随着小流域内的植被恢复与重建，小流域内最高气温约降低了1～4℃，尤其以夏、秋季更为突出，约降低了3～4℃；最低气温提高了1～2℃，夏季较其它季节更为显著一些；森林不能降低小流域的日平均气温，但能略微增加秋冬季的平均气温0．1～0．5℃；平均地面温度降低了0．9～1．3℃，秋冬季的地面平均温度略微增加0．1～0．5℃；年降水量增加了77～115mm；年蒸发量降低105～175mm。小流域小气候环境发生了较大的变化，小气候质量在不断的提高。