免疫金标记技术在植物蛋白质亚细胞定位中的应用

在综述免疫金标记技术在蛋白质亚细胞定位中的应用的基础上,就其意义、方法及优缺点等予以探讨。     

新型不育系全龙A的选育与研究

 选用 30 0 Gy6 0 Co- γ射线辐照保持系龙特甫 B(龙 B)干种子 ,诱发产生各类叶色突变 ,从中选择苗期白化、后期转绿的突变株为亲本 ,与龙特甫 A(龙 A)杂交、回交 ,育成了 1个带白化标记的新不育系全龙 A。全龙 A及其保持系全龙 B苗期第 1～ 3叶表现周缘白化 ,白化部分约占整张叶片的 1/ 3～ 1/ 2 ,第 4叶开始白化面积逐渐减少直至完全转变为绿色。全龙 A农艺性状和异花授粉特征与龙特甫 A相仿 ,表现大穗大粒、包颈轻、柱头外露率高、开花习性好。与多系 1号等恢复系配组测定表明 ,全龙 A具有与龙特甫 A相仿的配合力。在此基础上 ,还讨论了该类叶色标记在杂交水稻中的应用前景     

油菜秸还田对土壤氮素供应和积累的影响

试验采用＾１５Ｎ－硫铵、＾１５Ｎ－油菜秸单施，两者交叉标记的配施处理，于水稻生长期间研究了总Ｎ及肥料＾１５Ｎ的吸收和稻株体内的分布，还讨论了土壤氮素总供应量的变化，土壤全氮及腐殖质各组分含氮量的增长，显然，有机肥与无机肥配施能在多方面产生良好效应。     

CYP1A1 immunolocalization in the olfactory organ of rainbow trout and its possible induction by β-naphthoflavone: analysis in adults and embryos around hatching

Cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) isoform, which is known as being of major toxicological significance, has been well-studied in the mammalian olfactory mucosa. Only few studies have dealt with this biotransformation system in the fish olfactory organ which is particularly vulnerable to waterborne xenobiotics since sensory neurons are in direct contact with the aquatic environment. The present immunocytochemical study describes the cellular and subcellular distributions of CYP1A1 in the olfactory organ of rainbow trout in both adults and embryos around hatching. The enzyme inducibility in response to a 4-day exposure to waterborne -naphthoflavone (0.1 mg l^–1), a model inducer of CYP1A1, was also examined. In untreated adult fish, CYP1A1 was almost exclusively expressed in the nonsensory epithelium which covers the edges and the tip of the lamellae. Both goblet and ciliated nonsensory cells appeared immunoreactive. In -naphthoflavone-treated fish, in addition to a strong labeling in the nonsensory epithelium, ciliated nonsensory cells in the olfactory epithelium appeared well-labeled. Four days before hatching, only a few cells were weakly stained in the placodal epithelium of some embryos. By 7 days post-hatching, the enzyme expression was increased in the olfactory pit and it was restricted to ciliated nonsensory cells. No evident CYP1A1 induction was detected in either embryos or alevins. Results suggest the presence of a two-line CYP1A1 biotransformation system in the adult fish olfactory organ: a basal level of enzyme expression insured by the nonsensory epithelium and an additional line in which the sensory epithelium is activated in response to CYP1A1 inducers. This system might take place during development in parallel with the onset of the nonsensory epithelium.     

葡萄种子细胞中脱落酸的胶体金免疫电镜定位

用胶体金免疫电镜技术，对脱落酸（ABA）在葡萄种子细胞超微结构水平上的分市进行了研究。按葡萄种子细胞液泡中是否含有电子密度大的染色物质，可将其分为含酚和无酚2个主要类型。在含酚细胞中电子密度大的染色物质呈多种状态存在，先是均匀而稀疏地分布在液池中，然后逐渐凝聚成块状，最后浓缩成一薄层并均匀分布在液泡膜内侧。无酚细胞中金颗粒主要标记在细胞核和细胞质，特别是细胞核有大量金颗粒标记，细胞壁有少量金颗粒标记，液泡中没有发现金颗粒标记。和无酷细胞相似，在含酚细胞中金颗粒主要标记在细胞核和细胞质，特别是细胞核金颗粒密度很大，细胞壁有极少金颗粒标记。引人注目的是液泡中聚集态的染色物质上也发现金颗粒标记，但稀疏而均匀分布的染色物质上几乎找不到金颗粒标记，当染色物质最终浓缩成薄层状态时则发现有大量的金颗粒标记。无论用免疫前兑血清染色的对照切片还是材料，不被EDC固定的对照切片中都很难找到金颗粒标记，说明该ABA免疫胶体金电镜定位结果是特异、可靠的。     

非放射性ECL直接核酸标记及检测技术在水稻RFLP分析中的应用

 通过用非放射性ECL直接核酸标记及检测技术对水稻品种进行了RFLP分析,介绍了这种简单、安全、快捷的非放射性核酸标记技术。     

Availability of N from Casuarina residues and inorganic N to maize, using 15N isotope techniques

 The contribution of N from Casuarina equisetifolia (casuarina) residues to maize with inorganic N (ammonium sulphate) supplementation was studied in a pot experiment using ¹⁵N labelling techniques. A single rate of N application of 100 mg N kg^–1 soil was applied as N-ammonium sulphate in combination with casuarina residues in the proportions 100 : 0; 75 : 25; 50 : 50; 25 : 75 and 0 : 100, respectively. The directly ¹⁵N-labelled casuarina residue and indirect labelling (unlabelled casuarina + ¹⁵N soil) were compared to estimate the proportion and amount of N derived from the residue and fertilizer. The application of ammonium sulphate at a high rate significantly affected shoot dry matter (P<0.05) and likewise reduced the contribution of soil-derived N compared to residues. Total recoveries by maize of residue N and applied fertilizer N averaged 11% and 24%, respectively. Residue and fertilizer use efficiencies were not influenced by the addition of different rates of fertilizer or residue. The estimation of the contribution of N from different sources showed that direct measurement of the ¹⁵N-labelled organic source was more reliable. Received: 10 September 1997     

Colonisation tactics of three temperate catadromous species,eel Anguilla anguilla,mullet Liza ramada and flounder Plathychtys flesus,revealed by Bayesian multielemental otolith microchemistry approach

Daverat F, Martin J, Fablet R, Pécheyran C. Colonisation tactics of three temperate catadromous species, eel Anguilla anguilla, mullet Liza ramada and flounder Plathychtys flesus, revealed by Bayesian multielemental otolith microchemistry approach.
Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2011: 20: 42–51. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract – The colonisation of Gironde (SW France) river catchment by juvenile, eel, Anguilla anguilla, flounder Platychtys flesus and thinlipp mullet Liza ramada was investigated comparatively using Sr:Ca and Ba:Ca composition of otolith. The relation between Sr, Ba and habitat was investigated based on Sr and Ba water composition sampled each month along the estuary‐river gradient. A total of 50 mullets, 30 eels and 47 flounders were collected in the Gironde river catchment. Analysis was performed with a Femtosecond LA‐ICPMS along a trajectory from the core to the edge. Sr and Ba water concentrations discriminated three habitats within the Gironde system, the lower estuary, the upper estuary and the freshwater sites. A signal processing method based on Gaussian hidden Markov models was applied to the multielemental life‐history data. The linear model used to allocate a Gironde habitat to coupled Sr, Ca values was parameterised with seasonal patterns and magnitude of Sr and Ba water values in the different habitats. The results showed that the three species used three different habitats and they had a large diversity of habitat use patterns with resident and nomadic tactics. Resident tactics were less frequent than nomadic tactics that suggested individual fish used two or more habitats. Mullet used a wider range of habitats in the lower part of the estuary than eel and flounder and switched habitats more frequently. Flounders tended to colonise initially freshwater, and then estuarine habitats later in life while mullets used the entire range of available catchment habitats throughout their life.     

Carbon flow in the plant-soil-microbe continuum at different growth stages of maize grown in a Mollisol

Understanding the photosynthetic carbon (C) dynamics in the plant–soil–microbe continuum is critical to the C sequestration in soils. However, such information is limited in maize (Zea mays L.) in Mollisols. Pot-grown maize was labelled with ¹³CO₂ at the 10-leaf, 15-leaf, heading, milk and dent stages to investigate the photosynthetic C flow in a maize–soil system and its contribution to soil organic carbon (SOC) in Mollisols. The majority of fixed ¹³C was recovered in shoots, ranging from 44.7% to 78.6%. The allocation of ¹³C fixed at different growth stages to belowground (roots and soil) gradually decreased over the growing period, indicating that the strength of root C sink is stronger at the early stages. However, the proportion of ¹³C in dissolved organic C and microbial biomass C to that in SOC significantly increased as the growth stages advanced. Over the entire growth period, the contribution of root-derived C to SOC was estimated to be 5461 mg C plant^?1 growth period^?1, of which approximately 79% was synthesized during the vegetative stages. Therefore, the input of photosynthetic C by maize plants into SOC mainly occurred during the younger stages of the plant, favouring the storage of SOC in Mollisols.