血浆蛋白粉不同时间饲喂对肉鸡免疫功能的影响

选用1日龄AA肉鸡240只,随机分为4个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复10只鸡.处理一为基础日粮组,处理二、三、四分别添加2.5%血浆蛋白粉(SDPP)替代基础日粮中部分蛋白饲喂7、14、21 d后,换喂相同日粮直到49 d试验结束.前期饲喂21 d后,从每个处理中选择接近平均体质量健康鸡8只腹腔注射大肠杆菌O_2攻毒.结果表明:(1)前期1～14 d连续添加SDPP生产成绩最好,显著高于处理一(P<0.05).后期和全期以1～21 d添加的生产性能略好,与1～14 d差异不显著.(2)添加SDPP提高了肉鸡Ea、Et、脾脏指数、胸腺指数和法氏囊指数,极显著(P<0.01)提高淋巴细胞转化率.(3)SDPP明显降低内鸡死亡率.结果表明,在1～14 d添加SDPP,可促进内鸡生长,增强免疫功能,前期获得最佳ADG的时间是饲喂1～14 d.该饲喂时间肉鸡抗菌能力最强.     

合生元对艾维因肉鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响

此试验研究了合生元对1～35日龄艾维因肉鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响。结果表明：合生元组在整个试验周期的平均体重均较对照组和中草药组极显著提高（P〈0．01）,但与芽胞杆菌组差异不明显（P〉0．05）。日增重仅在0～5周差异极显著（P〈0．01）,合生元组的日增重仅在第2周龄较茅胞杆菌组极显著提高（P〈0．01）,在0～4周龄,均较芽胞杆菌组和中草药组差异显著（P〈0．05）或极显著（P〈0．01）。在料肉比方面,1～5周龄合生元组均比对照组、芽胞杆菌组,中草药组极显著降低（P〈0．01）,但各周龄合生元组与茅胞杆菌组无明显差异（P〉0．05）,合生元组与中草药组除了第5周龄无明显差异（P〉0．05）,其余各周龄均差异显著（P〈0．05）或极显著（P〈0．01）。在免疫方面,合生元组的胸腺、法氏囊、脾脏指数均有不同程度的提高,新城疫效价较其它各组均极显著提高。     

纳米级小肽螯合铜对小白鼠生长性能和免疫器官的影响

此试验的目的是探讨以硫酸铜、碱式氯化铜、蛋氨酸铜、纳米铜和纳米小肽螯合铜等不同铜源供给形式对小白鼠生长性能和免疫器官的影响。将120只18日龄小白鼠随机分为6个处理组,分别为Ⅰ（小肽＋硫酸铜组）、Ⅱ（硫酸铜组）、Ⅲ（碱式氯化铜组）、Ⅳ（蛋氨酸铜）、Ⅴ（纳米铜组）和Ⅵ（纳米小肽螯合铜）等,每个处理组设4个重复,每个重复5只小白鼠。饲喂试验分0～5d、6～12d、13～19d、20～26d和27～53d五个阶段。其中0～5d为预试验期,后四个阶段为试验期。预试期和试验期各处理组采用相同的基础日粮。试验期Ⅰ～Ⅵ组饲粮铜的含量（以铜计）在6～12d、15～19d、20～26d和27～55d四个阶段分别为2．5mg、5mg、10mg及15mg。结果表明,纳米小肽螯合铜能有效促进小鼠增重。采食不同铜源日粮对小鼠免疫器官指数的影响随饲养日龄增大而减小,并随铜的供给量由低剂量变化到正常剂量而差异减小。     

重组细胞因子在禽类疫苗中的应用进展

细胞因子是免疫系统的重要调节因子,具有明显的免疫佐剂效应。随着鸡细胞因子(IL-2,IL-6,IL-12,IL-18,IFN-γ等)相继克隆成功,重组细胞因子在禽类疫苗中的应用研究也逐步深入。研究表明,用原核、真核载体或者病毒构建的细胞因子重组质粒或表达的重组蛋白,能很好的发挥免疫佐剂的活性。论文综述了细胞因子的免疫增强机制,以及重组细胞因子在现代禽类疫苗中的应用概况。     

羊痘病毒免疫学研究进展

羊痘病毒是在细胞浆中复制的DNA病毒,能引起羊和牛的皮肤病变.病毒编码一系列免疫调节基因和引起宿主细胞凋亡的基因来逃避宿主先天和后天的免疫反应.病毒感染机体后,主要引起宿主的细胞免疫.羊痘病毒能增强机体对其他免疫原的免疫反应.     

Prevalence of equine polysaccharide storage myopathy and other myopathies in two equine populations in the United Kingdom

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of equine polysaccharide storage myopathy (EPSM) in two populations of horses in the UK. Biopsy specimens from 94 horses presented to an abattoir (population 1), and 46 horses with neuromuscular disorders presented to a university referral hospital (population 2) were obtained over a period of 4 years. Histological sections were examined by a veterinary pathologist for lesions including abnormal polysaccharide inclusions in myofibres.In population 1, a diagnosis of EPSM was made in 8% and non-specific myopathy in 33% of horses. In population 2, a diagnosis of EPSM was made in 22%, equine motor neurone disease (EMND) in 15% and non-specific myopathy in 37%. Within each population there was no difference in age, sex or breed distribution and muscle disease diagnosis. However, populations differed from each other in age and breed distributions and muscle disease diagnosis. EPSM was found in draft, Warmblood and related breeds and was diagnosed for the first time in cob-types. EMND was reported in 7/46 horses presented for neuromuscular disease and weakness, representing an important diagnosis in the UK. This study showed a high prevalence of EPSM and other myopathies in typical breeds of horses in the UK.     

森林重大病虫害诊治专家咨询系统的研究

该文介绍了森林病虫害诊断防治的重要性和研建森林病虫害诊治专家咨询系统的意义,分析了森林保护专家对森林病虫害的诊治流程、知识组成以及专家系统中森林病虫害诊治知识表示方法,设计了森林病虫害诊治知识库、森林重大病虫害诊治专家咨询系统的结构和推理机制,给出了推理机制及推理求解过程,研制了基于Web的森林重大病虫害诊治专家咨询系统.该系统由知识库管理子系统、病虫害检索子系统、病虫害诊断子系统、病虫害防治药品信息子系统4个主要功能子系统构成.系统通过ASP发布在网上,可以进行远程操作.系统的使用将大大提高森林病虫害防治的管理水平.      

四川省粮食单产影响因素的灰色关联分析

运用灰色关联分析方法,对四川省1996~2003年粮食单产的主要影响因素进行分析,结果表明:单位面积化肥投入量、有效灌溉面积比例、单位面积财政支农支出和未受灾面积比例是影响四川省粮食单产的4个重要因子,其次是单位面积机械总动力,第3是单位面积地膜用量。     

鸡新城疫首次免疫采用饮水法的可行性研究

采用饮水法给予不同剂量的新城疫活疫苗对雏鸡进行免疫,探讨饮水免疫法在雏鸡首免中的可行性。结果表明,雏鸡母源抗体在9日龄达峰值,饮水法效果较滴鼻、点眼法差。     

Risk factors for udder edema and its association with lactation performance on primiparous Holstein cows in a large Florida herd, U.S.A

The objective of this study was to determine risk factors for udder edema (case–control study) and to evaluate the association of udder edema in primiparous Holstein cows with their lactation performance (cohort study). Values for the first 10 test day for milk yield, fat, protein, and somatic cell counts (SCC) linear score as well as mature equivalent (ME) 305 days milk yield, fat, protein, SCC linear score, and incidences of periparturient diseases from a computerized farm recording system were compared between primiparous cows with and without udder edema. Data consisted of 118 dairy heifers with udder edema, induced for parturition, and treated with diuretics and 889 control heifers that received no treatment. Primiparous cows giving birth to male calves, were 1.72 (1.01, 3.24; 95% CI) times more likely to develop udder edema than cows giving birth to female calves. Primiparous cows calving in winter season were 3.68 (1.09, 12.5; 95% CI) times more likely to develop udder edema than cows calving in summer. For each extra 10 cm in height the odds of udder edemas was 1.23 (1.03, 1.47; 95% CI). The first test day DHIA milk yield was lower in cows that developed udder edema (3.6 kg/day) than in normal cows. However, the subsequent test days and ME measurements were not statistically different between groups. Cows with udder edema were 1.62 (1.18, 2.14; 95% CI) times more likely to develop udder edema in the second lactation than control animals. It is concluded that the gender of the offspring, calving season and height at parturition were significant risk factors for udder edema. Only milk yield on the first DHIA test day was lower in cows with udder edema than in cows without udder edema.