猴头菌丝多糖免疫调节与抗氧化功能研究

应用保健功能的评价方法,通过对血清溶菌酶含量、胸腺指数与脾指数、腹腔巨嗜细胞吞噬功能的测定以及迟发型超敏反应,来定性分析猴头菌丝多糖的免疫调节作用;通过对血清SOD、CAT、MDA含量的测定,来分析猴头菌丝多糖的抗氧化功能。试验结果表明,猴头菌丝多糖能够明显提高小鼠腹腔巨嗜细胞的吞噬功能,高剂量多糖的吞噬率达到(70.4±1.3)%,与对照组相比,差异极显著;中剂量多糖的吞噬率达到(58.4±0.9)%,与对照组相比,差异显著。同时猴头菌丝多糖能够在一定程度上提高小鼠血清溶菌酶含量;能够明显促进迟发型超敏反应的发生,高剂量多糖引起的肿胀度达到(29.5±0.6)mg,与对照组相比,差异极显著;中剂量多糖引起的肿胀度达到(23.9±0.6)mg,与对照组相比,差异显著。此外,高、中、低剂量的猴头菌丝多糖都能够提高小鼠血清中SOD、CAT的含量,其中,猴头菌丝多糖高剂量组小鼠血清的SOD含量达到(358.0±51.1)U.mL-1,CAT的含量达到(17.4±2.9)U.mL-1,与对照组相比,差异均达到显著水平;而猴头菌丝多糖对小鼠血清中MDA水平的降低作用不明显,对小鼠脾指数的影响作用不明显。因此,猴头菌丝多糖具有显著的免疫调节作用与一定的抗氧化功能。     

育成猪免疫学指标的测定

6头健康长大杂交猪 ,体重 (2 5 .5± 1.4 )kg ,用于研究 7～ 11周龄猪免疫学特征。于 7、8、9、10、11周龄时 ,自前腔静脉采血 ,用显微镜法计数红、白细胞总数 ,经姬姆萨染色后作白细胞分类计数 ,用硝基蓝四氮唑(NBT)还原试验定量检测嗜中性白细胞吞噬功能 ,噻唑蓝 (MTT)比色法检测外周血中淋巴细胞转化 ,单向免疫扩散法测定血清IgG浓度 ,5 0 %溶血试验测定血清中补体总活性 ,同时 ,用植物血凝素 (PHA)皮肤试验检测迟发型超敏 (DTH)反应。结果明示 ,7～ 11周龄猪免疫反应差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,即猪免疫系统已发育完全 ,适于用作免疫学研究的动物模型     

Delayed hypersensitivity reactions to sulphonamides: syndromes,pathogenesis and management

Sulphonamide antibiotics are a commonly used, and important, group of antibiotics in veterinary dermatology. However, many of the commonly used sulphonamides such as sulphamethoxazole, sulpha-diazine, or sulphasalazine are associated with idiosyncratic drug reactions in dogs. This paper will review the clinical syndromes, pathogenesis of sulphonamide hypersensitivity reactions and current methods for predicting these occurrences.     

Identification of CD3+ T lymphocytes in the green turtle Chelonia mydas

To understand the role of the immune system with respect to disease in reptiles, there is the need to develop tools to assess the host's immune response. An important tool is the development of molecular markers to identify immune cells, and these are limited for reptiles. We developed a technique for the cryopreservation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and showed that a commercially available anti-CD3 epsilon chain antibody detects a subpopulation of CD3 positive peripheral blood lymphocytes in the marine turtle Chelonia mydas. In the thymus and in skin inoculated with phytohemagglutinin, the same antibody showed the classical staining pattern observed in mammals and birds. For Western blot, the anti-CD3 antibodies identified a 17.6 kDa band in membrane proteins of peripheral blood mononuclear cell compatible in weight to previously described CD3 molecules. This is the first demostration of CD3+ cells in reptiles using specific antibodies.     

Conjunctival habronemiasis in a square‐lipped rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum)

A captive female square‐lipped rhinoceros born in 1993 had been showing intermittent signs of bilateral conjunctivitis and conjunctival proliferation since 1998. Periodic improvement was noted, especially in winter, but overall the condition had deteriorated over the years. Treatment with various topical, intralesional, and systemic antibiotics and glucocorticosteroids was largely ineffective, as were repeated dewormings. No primary cause for these lesions was found in biopsies taken in 2000 and 2006, although a severe infiltrate of numerous eosinophils was observed in the latter. As the condition worsened, secondary corneal changes were noted, and eventually vision was lost due to proliferative conjunctival tissue. Aggressive resection of the proliferating tissue in 2013 restored vision and submitted biopsies yielded a diagnosis of severe allergic conjunctivitis, eosinophilic granuloma, and habronematid (Habronema or Draschia) larval infection. As no other rhinoceros in the herd was affected, including two calves born to the patient who were in close contact with their mother, it was concluded the presentation was most likely due to a hypersensitivity reaction to the dead or dying larvae. Fly repellent is now regularly applied around the eye of this rhinoceros, and a protective face mask has been fitted. Ongoing periodic relapses are treated with oral ivermectin, topical antibiotics, and steroids.     

Delayed-type hypersensitivity skin test against Neospora caninum in heifers with undetectable specific antibodies

Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) has been used in human and veterinary medicine as a skin testing for evaluating in vivo cell-mediated immune responses (CMIR). Whereas CMIR is a key process to control intracellular pathogens, its value at identifying cattle exposed to the abortigenic intracellular coccidian parasite Neospora caninum is unknown. In this work, we have evaluated a DTH skin testing in cattle exposed to N. caninum and still seronegative. Female calves were experimentally sensitized by subcutaneous (SC) inoculation with live tachyzoites of N. caninum (NC-Argentina LP1) in sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (group A; n: 8) whereas other calveswere mock-sensitized with PBS (group B; n: 6). Two DTH skin tests were performed by intradermal inoculation with a soluble lysate of N. caninum tachyzoites (NC-Argentina LP1) in the neck region at 60d and 960 d after sensitization. Skinfold thickness at the intradermal inoculation site was measured at 0, 24, 48 h post each DTH skin test and skin biopsies taken for microscopic evaluation. Specific N. caninum antibodies kinetics was evaluated all throughthe experiment. We found that whereas N. caninum specific antibodies remained below the ELISA cut-off, a distinctive skinfold thickness increase was detected in sensitized animals (group A) at the DTH skin test site, showing induration, swelling and inflammatory infiltration. Mock sensitized animals (group B) showed no skinfold thickness growth and lacked specific antibody response. Thus, N. caninum DTH skin testing could be a useful diagnostic tool for the detection of CMIR during N. caninum infection in non-humoral responders.