广西根结线虫病害的病原鉴定

从广西不同地区采集的28种植物根结线虫病的病原,按病原线虫的主要形态学特征和寄主反应的鉴定方法,对每种病原进行了分类鉴定。其中穗状鸡冠花、胡椒、蕹菜、胡萝卜,芭蕉芋、鸡蛋果、莞荽(香菜)、苋苯、荷包豆、吉庆果、黄麻、黄穗鸡冠等根结线虫病的病原都是属南方根结线虫1号小种;风仙花、辣椒、蕹菜、番茄、独头鸡冠花、红穗鸡冠、罗汉果、黄麻、芹菜根结线虫有一种是南方根结线虫1号小种,另一种是爪哇根结线虫;甜叶菊、姜根结线虫病的病原有一种是南方根结线虫1号小种,另一种是花生根结线虫1号小种;吉庆果、四季海棠、茄、棕竹、柳树的根结线虫病的病原是爪哇根结线虫;罗汉果、丝瓜、红麻根结线虫病的病原有一种是爪哇根结线虫,另一种是花生根结线虫1号小种;花生根结线虫病的病原是花生根结线虫1号小种。发现二个新种:即水稻根结线虫病的病原是林氏根结线虫;柑桔根结线虫病的病原是孔氏根结线虫。     

不同寄主来源的葡萄霜霉病菌致病力测定及孢子囊大小比较

对采自我国不同地区、不同主栽葡萄品种‘红地球’、‘巨峰’及‘赤霞珠’上的12份葡萄霜霉病菌的致病力及孢子囊大小进行了比较和分析,结果表明:采自不同葡萄品种的病原菌对感病葡萄品种‘奥迪亚无核’叶片的致病力具有明显差异,其中‘巨峰’及‘红地球’来源的病原菌致病性较强,明显大于‘赤霞珠’来源的病原菌致病力;采自不同葡萄品种的霜霉病菌孢子囊大小存在一定的差异,‘赤霞珠’来源的病原菌孢子囊明显大于‘巨峰’及‘红地球’来源的霜霉病菌孢子囊。上述结果表明,采自不同寄主的葡萄霜霉病菌的致病力及孢子囊大小均存在一定程度的分化。     

油茶象甲成虫对油茶寄主选择性研究

为研究油茶象甲对油茶寄主的选择性趋性,为中国油茶抗虫品种选育提供基础数据。应用野外调查和室内测定相结合的方法,室内测定又分为强迫性和选择性取食、产卵以及嗅觉反应测定的方法,测定油茶象甲成虫对不同油茶树种、品系的取食和产卵选择性。结果发现：油茶象甲对油茶2个树种、3个品系均能造成危害,导致采果前落果的主要原因是由于该虫为害所致;6月份,该虫对其他1个树种、3个品系的取食、产卵趋性均大于广宁红花油茶;该虫在油茶叶片上不产卵,当果皮厚度大于其能蛀入最大值时不产卵;雌成虫出土初期对油茶嫩芽的趋性大于果实和成叶,交配产卵期对油茶果实的趋性大于嫩芽和成叶。     

南美斑潜蝇对蔬菜寄主的选择性

测定了南美斑潜蝇对豆科、葫芦科、茄科、十字花科、旋花科和伞形花科的20个蔬菜品种的选择性,结果表明,南美斑潜蝇对不同蔬菜作物的选择性从强到弱依次为豆科>葫芦科>茄科>十字花科>旋花科>伞形花科。在豆科蔬菜中南美斑潜蝇最嗜食四季豆,其次是嗜食豇豆,对四棱豆的嗜好性较弱,对毛豆表现为非嗜好性。在葫芦科蔬菜中南美斑潜蝇最嗜食瓠瓜、黄瓜、丝瓜和南瓜,对苦瓜表现为非嗜好性;南美斑潜蝇对不同番茄品种的选择性也存在明显差异。     

中国黄土高原黄土-古土壤序列的红度对古气候的指示意义

Comparisons of red ratings (RR) with Fe_d, Fe_d/Fe_t, clay content, and magnetic susceptibility (x) of two loess-paleosol sequences at Luochuan and Lingtai on China's Loess Plateau were conducted to study the possible relationship between RR and pedogenic degrees of the two loess-paleosol sequences, and to discuss whether the RR could become new paleo-climatic indicators. Results showed that the RR of the two loess-paleosol sequences had positive, highly significant (P < 0.01) correlations with: 1) citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite (CBD) extracted iron (Fe_d), 2) ratios of CBD extracted iron to total iron (Fe_d/Fe_t), 3) clay (< 2 μm), and 4) magnetic susceptibility (x). This suggested that the RR of these loess-paleosol sequences could indicate degrees of loess weathering and pedogenesis and were potential paleo-climatic proxies. The strong correlations of RR to Fe_d and x also implied that during pedogenic processes, pedogenic hematite in loess and paleosols were closely related to the amount of total secondary iron oxides and pedogenic ferrimagnetic minerals (predominantly maghemite).     

乌鲁木齐城市土壤磁化率特征及其环境意义

对乌鲁木齐市区及其周边地区45个地点的土壤样本进行磁化率测定。结果表明,乌鲁木齐城市土壤磁化率大都处于中低值区域,具有空间差异性的特征,进而结合采集点的土壤环境状况分析了乌鲁木齐城市土壤的环境特征,探讨乌鲁木齐城市土壤磁化率表征下土壤污染的影响机制。     

外源硝态氮对菊芋耐海水胁迫的影响

A hydroponic experiment with six treatments, i.e., 0% seawater （control）, 10% seawater, 25% seawater, 0% seawater ＋ N （7.5 mmol L-1 NaNO3）, 10% seawater ＋ N （7.5 mmol L-1 NaO3）, and 25% seawater ＋ N （7.5 mmol L-1 NaNO3）, was carried out to study the effect of nitrogen addition on the growth and physiological and biochemical characteristics of Jerusalem artichoke （Helianthus tuberosus） seedlings under seawater stress. The 10% seawater stress treatment had the least effect on plant growth while at 25% seawater growth was significantly inhibited. The malondialdehyde content and electrolyte leakage in leaves under 10% seawater were similar to those of the control, but significantly higher under the 25% seawater stress. The activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase in the leaves increased concomitantly with increasing seawater concentration and time. Proline and soluble-sugars in the leaves and Na^＋, K^＋, and Cl- contents in shoots and roots increased significantly with the concentration of seawater increasing. Nitrogen addition resulted in increasing fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots compared with seawater treatment without N. Nitrogen supplementation also significantly enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes in leaves. Addition of N to seawater enhanced the contents of proline and soluble-sugars in the leaves and K^＋ and total-N in the aerial parts and roots of H. tuberosus, but it resulted in declined concentrations of Na^＋ and Cl- in the aerial parts and roots. Nitrogen addition ameliorated the toxicity of seawater by improving the antioxidative enzymes, accumulating of proiine and soluble-sugars, and altering the distribution of inorganic ions in H. tuberosus.     

桔小实蝇对不同水果及挥发性化合物行为反应的研究

为了解桔小实蝇[Bactrocera dorsalis（Hendel）]对不同水果及挥发性化合物的行为反应,以未交配的和已交配的桔小实蝇雌雄成虫为试虫,采用Y形嗅觉仪测定其对10种果实的反应差异。结果表明,对于同种水果,雌虫比雄虫反应明显,未交配成虫比已交配的成虫反应明显。同时利用触角电位技术测定桔小实蝇对其寄主挥发性物质中常见的10种组分的反应。结果表明,对同种物质,雄成虫交配前触角电位反应值均显著大于交配后触角电位反应值。在交配前雄虫比雌虫的触角电位反应值大,对多数挥发物组分,在交配后雌虫触角电位反应值比雄虫的大。     

螺旋粉虱发生及综合防治研究进展

从螺旋粉虱的分布区域、寄主范围、危害特征以及综合防治措施等方面阐述了国内外对螺旋粉虱的研究进展。     

Genetic characterization by fluorescent AFLP of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi strains isolated from different host species

The genetic diversity of 71 Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi strains isolated from different host species and from diverse geographical regions was determined by fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (f-AFLP) analysis. The study was carried out using three different selective primer combinations. Strains of P. syringae pv. syringae , P. syringae pv. phaseolicola , P. syringae pv. glycinea , P. syringae pv. tagetis and P. amygdali were also included as outgroups. Based on cluster analysis of f-AFLP data, all P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi strains showed a high degree of similarity, grouping in a cluster and forming a taxon clearly separate from outgroup strains. AFLP analyses failed to support placing strains of P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi , P. syringae pv. phaseolicola and P. syringae pv. glycinea in the same species. Strains of P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi formed subclusters that correlated with the host species. Strains identified within these subclusters were related to the geographical region where the strains were isolated. Strains of P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi from olive were divided into two subclusters. Strains from oleander were differentiated from those from ash and were divided into two additional subclusters, distinct from olive strains. Three strains isolated from jasmine showed a high level of similarity among them but, at a lower Dice similarity coefficient, were linked to a subcluster including olive strains. Finally, two strains isolated from privet were similar to strains from olive and were included in the same subcluster.