苹果紧凑型品种和矮化砧木内源激素的变化

 以不同矮化程度的苹果品种、砧木和嫁接植株为试材, 研究了春梢旺长期茎尖和春梢停长期叶片的内源激素变化。结果表明, 与普通型品种相比, 紧凑型品种茎尖和叶片中的赤霉素(GA₁₊₃) 含量显著降低而细胞分裂素(CTKs) 含量显著升高, 紧凑型品种的CTKs/ GA₁₊₃约是普通型品种的4. 78～6. 24 倍。不同矮化程度的砧木间相比, 春梢停长期叶片中, M9 的IAA 含量比平邑甜茶降低了53. 7 %。以M26作中间砧, 显著降低了接穗叶片和基砧新根中的IAA 含量; 但以新红星作中间砧则影响较小。将M26中间砧与紧凑型品种组合, 与乔砧普通型植株相比, 春梢停长期叶片和新根中IAA 含量分别下降了46. 1 %和33. 3 %,CTKs/ GA₁₊₃是其2. 8～3. 6 倍, 其变化幅度大于单一应用矮化砧、紧凑型品种的植株。因此, 紧凑型、矮化砧具有不同的激素调节机制, GA、CTK在紧凑型品种矮化中起重要作用, 而矮砧的矮化可能与IAA 密切相关。     

吊石苣苔扦插繁殖研究

以健壮的吊石苣苔带芽茎段为插穗,研究不同基质、激素及激素浓度对吊石苣苔扦插的影响,以筛选出适合吊石苣苔扦插繁殖的最佳基质及处理方法。结果表明:混合基质成活率最高,达到61.1%,且生根量多;用6-BA处理成活率为62.2%,用NAA处理成活率为48.9%;2种激素中都以0.1g/L的处理浓度效果最好,成活率分别为71.1%和60%。将吊石苣苔健壮茎段用0.1g/L的6-BA处理后扦插在混合基质中繁殖效果最好。     

Identification of SNPs in the 5′‐flanking region and 3′‐UTR of the MIH gene and their association with precocity of the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis

Moult‐inhibiting hormone (MIH), an important regulator of steroidogenesis, inhibits the synthesis of ecdysteroid in Y‐organ (YO) and plays a significant role in the regulation of moulting and post‐embryonic development of crustacean. Because unsuccessful moulting have been widely observed in precocious crabs, we investigated whether genetic variants in the 5′‐flanking region and 3′‐untranslated region (3′‐UTR) of the MIH gene are associated with precocity of the Chinese mitten crab. Thirty individual DNA samples were sequenced to search for SNPs in the 5′‐flanking region and 3′‐UTR of the MIH gene. Five SNPs (g.196 T>A, g.230 C>T, g.305 T>C, g.323 C>A and g.372 C>T) in the 5′‐flanking region and 6 SNPs (g.2677 C>T, g.2759 T>A, g.2807 T>C, g.3042 A>G, g.3088 T>G and g.3295 T>G) in the 3′‐UTR of the MIH gene were selected for the individual genotyping in a two‐stage association study. We found that a SNP g.3088 T>G in the 3′‐UTR of MIH gene was consistently associated with precocity of the Chinese mitten crab in stage 1 and stage 2, with a per‐allele OR (Odds Ratio) of 1.469 (95% CI: 1.169–1.844) after two stages combined (P = 0.001). However, no significant associations were observed between the other 10 SNPs and precocity of the Chinese mitten crab. To our best knowledge, this is the first association study between various SNP genotypes and phenotype attributes in Chinese mitten crab. Our findings suggest that the SNP g.3088 T>G may be a candidate marker for effective marker‐assisted selection to decrease the precocity of the Chinese mitten crab in future studies.     

高效液相色谱法测定玉米内源激素方法的改进研究

以玉米植株为材料,对提取、纯化和利用高效液相色谱法分析测定玉米植株中内源激素生长素(IAA)、脱落酸(ABA)、赤霉素(GA3)和玉米素(ZT)的含量的方法进行改进。针对玉米植株的糖分、叶绿素含量高等特点,对以往的HPLC分析植物内源激素的植物材料前处理方法进行改进。试材用液氮研磨以80%预冷的甲醇浸提,浸提液利用旋转蒸发仪浓缩、石油醚去除色素、乙酸乙酯提取激素、PVP 去除酚类杂质,最后用0.45 um微孔滤膜抽滤,紫外检测器在254 nm波长下检测吸收波长,以甲醇和水位流动相,利用高效液相色谱法检测内源激素含量,回收率分别为IAA 93.79%±7.43%,ABA 95.79%±6.14%,GA388.63%±6.31%,ZT 89.69%±7.34%。     

大花蕙兰花芽分化与激素关系的研究

为了给大花蕙兰花期调控提供理论依据,在大花蕙兰花芽分化前用不同浓度的GA3、IBA、NAA和PP333均匀喷洒大花蕙兰的叶片和假鳞茎,研究各处理对大花蕙兰花芽分化的影响,同时研究了在大花蕙兰花芽分化过程中假鳞茎内源激素含量的变化,结果表明：（1）对大花蕙兰的成品苗喷洒外源激素会影响其始花期,其中GA3和PP333促进大花蕙兰的花芽分化,使其提早开花,根据使用浓度的不同,提早开花的时间为2~12天;而不同浓度的NAA处理则抑制了大花蕙兰的花芽分化,使开花推迟了4~11天。（2）IBA处理能够明显的促进花箭的生长,PP333处理则抑制了花箭的生长;各处理对大花蕙兰的花期和单枝花朵数影响不明显。（3）在大花蕙兰花芽分化的过程中,假鳞茎中ZT和GA3含量都是先上升后下降;ABA则是缓慢的上升;IAA则表现为下降。ZT/IAA和ABA/IAA的上升有利于大花蕙兰花芽的分化。     

‘北林雄株1号’和‘北林雄株2号’叶片再生体系的建立

为了解决白杨杂种三倍体‘北林雄株1号’和‘北林雄株2号’无性繁殖困难问题,以白杨杂种三倍体‘北林雄株1号’和‘北林雄株2号’的半木质化嫩枝为材料,对外植体消毒方法以及不同激素组合对叶片诱导不定芽的效果进行研究。结果表明：（1） ‘北林雄株1号’和‘北林雄株2号’启动培养最佳的消毒处理方法为20%浓度的84消毒液处理20 min;（2）激素6-BA以及TDZ对‘北林雄株1号’叶片不定芽再生率以及再生系数的影响显著,NAA对叶片不定芽再生率影响不显著,对再生系数的影响极显著,筛选出‘北林雄株1号’叶片再生的适宜培养基为MS+ 0.2 mg/L 6-BA+ 0.1 mg/L NAA+ 0.005 mg/L TDZ;（3）激素6-BA、NAA以及ZT对‘北林雄株2号’叶片再生率和再生系数的影响均达到了显著水平,筛选出‘北林雄株2号’叶片再生的适宜培养基为MS+ 1.0 mg/L 6-BA+ 0.05 mg/L NAA+ 1.2 mg/L ZT。‘北林雄株1号’与‘北林雄株2号’高效叶片再生技术体系建立,为该品种的规模化无性繁殖以及后续的基因工程育种等研究提供了技术基础。     

The Relation Between Endogenous Hormones and Late-Germination in Buds of Avrolles Apple

In order to provide the physiological bases for selecting late-germination cultivars that can avoid late frost damage, the very late-germination variety Avrolles （Malus domestica） was used to study the relation between the dynamic changes and balance of endogenous hormones and germination time. The concentrations of endogenous GA3, ABA, IAA, and ZR were determined in buds of Avrolles and Judeline （Malus domestica） from dormancy releasing to germination by capillary electrophoresis. The dynamic changes of endogenous hormones concentration in buds of Avrolles and Judeline were similar; but the magnitude and time of the change were significantly different between the two varieties, especially for GA3. GA3 concentration increased with dormancy releasing, then decreased, and increased again before germination in the two varieties. GA3 concentration in Avrolles was 1.72 times that in Judeline at the first peak, the gap increased to 2.22 times at germination. ZR concentration exhibited a continuous increase trend, but it decreased sharply before germination. ZR accumulation in Avrolles took 36 days longer than in Judeline, the peak value was 44% higher than in Judeline. Before germination, ZR concentration in Avrolles was 2.12 times that in Judeline. The differences between IAA and ABA concentration were relatively small in the two varieties, while the ratios of GA3/ABA and （GA3 ＋ IAA ＋ ZR）/ABA in Avrolles were 2.08 and 1.58 times those in Judeline, respectively. The germination of apple bud was regulated by the endogenous hormones. For the late-germination apple Avrolles, its germination requires higher concentration of GA3 and ZR, which leads to the high ratios of GA3/ABA and （GA3＋ IAA＋ ZR）/ABA.     

绵羊生长激素(oGH)的分子克隆与序列测定

本文旨在新疆绵羊生长激素(oGH)基因的克隆。从阿勒泰×中国美利奴杂交羊脑垂体细胞中提取总RNA,分离得到具翻译活性的mRNA。用RTPCR方法扩增出编码oGH的基因,长度为671bp。将扩增产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳后,回收纯化。采用PCR克隆试剂盒将扩增产物连接至pTAdv质粒上,经PstI和XbaI双酶切鉴定正反插入后,筛选正向插入阳性克隆,并进行序列分析。结果表明克隆到的oGH基因序列与国外报道的序列有4个碱基差异,但所推导的氨基酸序列完全一致。oGH基因的开放阅读框架共含654个核苷酸,编码217个氨基酸,其中信号肽26个氨基酸,编码碱基为1～78(78bp);成熟肽191个氨基酸,编码碱基为79～651(573bp);终止密码子TAG(652～654bp)。其蛋白质的氨基酸序列与牛、人和鱼的序列同源性分别为99.08%、26.7%和5.9%。     

西洋梨茎段离体培养与快速繁殖的探讨

以西洋梨两年生植株的嫩茎为外植体材料,ＭＳ为基本培养基,当附加０．４ｍｇ／ＬＩＢＡ和０．６ｍｇ／Ｌ６－ＢＡ时,试管苗生长良好;生根培养基附加１．２ｍｇ／ＬＩＢＡ的生根效果最理想;开瓶炼苗４ｄ,闲瓶炼苗６ｄ的处理,试管苗移栽成活率高达９４．３％。镜检染色体数目２ｎ＝３４,细胞学性状稳定。     

两种饲养方式下仔猪生产性能、行为和唾液皮质醇水平的对比分析

【目的】在两种不同饲养方式下,对断奶仔猪生产性能、行为特征和唾液皮质醇激素水平作对比分析,以期说明发酵床饲养可提高仔猪动物福利。【方法】按照密度一致原则 (0.67 m²/头),将88头体重相近（10.42±0.36 kg）的35日龄断奶苏钟仔猪（公母各半）随机分为两组,即漏缝地板饲养组(slatted-floor house, SFH）和发酵床饲养组 (deep-litter house, DLH）。每组设4个重复,SFH和DLH组中每个重复分别为6和16头。适应14 d后,进入试验期,试验期为21 d。自由采食和饮水。试验期间记录仔猪日采食量,分别于仔猪49日龄和70日龄时进行个体称重,按重复计算仔猪的日增重和料肉比;于仔猪68日龄时,进行24 h录像采集,每个重复随机挑选3头仔猪用于行为学观察,观察时间为07:00-17:00;于69日龄上午9:00-10:00,每个重复选择3头仔猪用于唾液采集,测定其皮质醇激素含量。【结果】①SFH和DLH组仔猪末重、日均采食量、日增重和料肉比均无显著差异（P＞0.05）。②与SFH组相比,DLH组仔猪站立和犬坐行为时间比例显著增加（P＜0.05）,躺卧行为显著降低（P＜0.05）;仔猪主要活动时间为08:00-10:00和12:00-15:00;DLH组中仔猪运动和探究行为（特别是翻拱垫料行为）时间比例显著高于SFH组（P＜0.05）,操纵圈舍行为和攻击行为显著低于SFH组（P＜0.05）;与SFH组相比,DLH显著提高了仔猪饮水时间比例（P＜0.05）,但对排泄（排尿和排便）行为无显著影响（P＞0.05）;DLH组仔猪总采食时间显著低于SFH组（P＜0.05）,但因采食次数的显著增加（P＜0.05）,使DLH组仔猪每次采食持续时间显著高于SFH组（P＜0.05）。③DLH组仔猪唾液中皮质醇激素含量显著高于SFH组（P＜0.05）。【结论】发酵床饲养能够增加断奶仔猪的探究行为、运动行为以及每次采食持续时间,降低其攻击和操纵圈舍行为,提高了仔猪动物福利。