表达猪生长激素基因的重组腺病毒的构建及对猪生长的促进效果观察

利用复制缺陷型重组腺病毒作为基因表达载体,将猪生长激素（pGH）基因直接转导到猪体内细胞,研究猪生长激素基因在猪体内的促生长作用.用同源重组的方法,构建含pGH基因的重组腺病毒（Ad-pGH）.将其感染293细胞和PK-15细胞,均可检测到pGH.用1 mL此重组腺病毒（1010TCID50）一次性肌肉注射60日龄的杂交长白猪.结果表明,试验组的猪平均增重比对照组的猪增加37%（注射后第4周）和19%（注射后第6周）;饲料报酬提高28%（注射后第4周）和18%（注射后第6周）.试验结果证明,由重组腺病毒表达的pGH具有生物学活性,在猪体内起到明显的促进生长的作用.重组腺病毒介导的pGH基因在猪体内的表达可维持约4周.     

生长激素基因多态性与生产性能关系的最新研究

生长激素是一种具有广泛生理功能的蛋白肽激素,尤其对动物的生长发育具有重要作用。研究GH基因功能区的突变对其蛋白功能的影响,以及对哺乳动物生长发育的影响,具有重要的理论意义和实践意义。因此在生产中探讨GH基因多态性与生产性能的关系,从而达到提高动物生产水平的目的,成为人们关注的重要课题。     

高效液相-串联质谱法测定猪、牛和羊尿液中18种同化激素的含量

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)检测动物尿液18种同化激素的方法。动物尿液在37 ℃（±0.5℃）下酶解16 h后,调节pH=7.0（±0.5℃）,C18固相萃取柱净化,用HPLC-MS/MS进行检测。18种同化激素在1~ 500 μg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好(r2≥0.99),回收率在70.9 ~112%之间,日内变异系数范围为1.2 ~ 13.1%,日间变异系数范围为3.5~16.7%,检测限为0.5 μg/kg,定量限为1.0 μg/kg。本方法操作简便,灵敏度高,适用于动物尿液中18种同化激素的同时测定。     

半胱胺的动物营养研究进展

半胱胺(cysteamine,CS)作为一种新型的饲料添加剂,通过调节机体激素的变化,从而达到促进畜禽生长的目的,作者系统地综述了半胱胺的生理作用及其作用机理,并强调了其在动物生产中的应用以及在应用过程中应注意的问题。     

Diagnostic orientation values for ACTH and other parameters for clinically healthy donkeys and mules (insulin,triglycerides, glucose,fructosamines, and ɣ-GT)

Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction is the most prevalent endocrine disease in horses. Although donkeys and mules may also be affected, only a few data have been published. Reference values for diagnostic parameters, such as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), are especially scarce or even lacking. Therefore, in the present study, available data from the literature have been verified and completed to facilitate a reliable diagnosis. Clinical inspections and haematological and biochemical examinations were carried out four times in a three-month interval (February to November) in 44 donkeys and 31 mules. Data from clinically healthy animals were used as an orientation. Plasma ACTH concentrations showed seasonal changes in both animal groups. However, it was generally higher in donkeys than mules. Although blood glucose (EDTA plasma) showed no difference between groups, serum insulin concentrations were consistently higher in donkeys. Serum fructosamine levels were slightly higher in mules, whereas, in some cases, serum triglyceride levels were considerably higher in donkeys. Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase showed a striking peak in mules in August, whereas the remaining gamma-glutamyltransferase values were lower compared to donkeys. By comparing donkeys and mules, the present work reveals differences in various blood parameters which should be considered for diagnoses and future studies.     

双拷贝抑制素基因免疫对大鼠卵泡发育、产仔及生殖激素的影响

将90只大鼠随机分为5组,分别注射10μg.100μL-1 pcISI(T1)、50μg.100μL-1 pcISI(T2)、100μg.100μL-1(T3)pcISI、100μg空载体pcMV-S(V)和100μL生理盐水(S),以探讨在不使用免疫佐剂的情况下,不同剂量的双拷贝抑制素pcISI基因免疫对大鼠卵泡发育、产仔和生殖激素的影响。结果表明,加强免疫能提高抗体P/N值,加强免疫后各剂量组平均抗体P/N值大于2,T3组抗体P/N值显著高于T1和T2组(P<0.05)。T3组成熟卵泡数显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且抗体阳性鼠成熟卵泡数比阴性鼠多12.45个(P<0.05)。除了T1组外,其他2个剂量组产仔数和胎盘数均高于对照组(P<0.05)。抗体阳性鼠胎盘数比阴性鼠多5.09个(P<0.05),产仔数比阴性鼠多5.39个(P<0.05)。抑制素pcISI基因免疫大鼠后促卵泡素(FSH)、雌二醇(E2)和孕酮(P4)含量均高于对照组,T3组的FSH含量与对照组差异显著(P<0.05),T3组的E2含量与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01),各剂量组P4含量与对照组差异均不显著(P>0.05)。这些结果说明,在没有免疫佐剂的前提下,双拷贝抑制素pcISI基因免疫可产生抗体,促进FSH分泌和卵泡发育,增加产仔数。本试验条件下100μg.100μL-1是最佳免疫剂量。     

不同饲养方式对西门塔尔牛日增重及血清部分激素和神经递质水平变化的影响

试验旨在研究散栏与栓系两种饲养方式对西门塔尔牛生长过程中不同时期血清部分激素和神经递质水平变化的影响。选用50头体重相近(330kg左右)、月龄相同(12月龄)、未去势、健康无病的西门塔尔公牛,随机分为散栏组和栓系组,每组25头,分别于2012年10、11、12月及2013年1、2月进行体重及血清部分激素和神经递质水平的测定。结果表明,散栏组日增重在2012年11月显著高于栓系组(P0.05),在2012年12月及2013年2月极显著高于栓系组(P0.01)。散栏组血清部分激素水平中生长激素(GH)含量在2013年2月显著高于栓系组(P0.05);甲状腺素(T4)、睾酮(T)含量在2012年12月和2013年2月分别显著和极显著高于栓系组(P0.05;P0.01);生长抑素(SS)含量在2013年2月极显著低于栓系组(P0.01);雌二醇(E2)、促黄体素(LH)含量在2012年12月和2013年2月显著高于栓系组(P0.05)。散栏组牛血清部分神经递质中组胺(His)和5-羟色胺(5-HT)含量在2012年12月分别显著和极显著高于栓系组(P0.05;P0.01)。综上所述,随着年龄的增加,散栏饲养组牛血清中部分激素水平变化与日增重变化具有一定的相关性。与栓系饲养方式相比,散栏饲养方式较适合于提高西门塔尔牛的日增重。     

Comparison of steroid receptor expression in normal, dysplastic, and neoplastic canine and feline mammary tissues

Steroid receptor expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in neoplastic, hyperplastic/dysplastic, and normal mammary tissue samples removed from 68 queens and 47 bitches, using monoclonal antibodies against human oestrogen-alpha (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR). Mammary lesions were classified according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, and all animals with invasive carcinomas were clinically followed for 2 years. Stromal and/or lymphatic invasion and histological grading were also recorded. In both species, ER expression was significantly higher in healthy tissues, hyperplastic/dysplastic lesions, and benign tumours than in carcinomas. The loss of ER expression was more marked in feline than in canine carcinomas. In queens, PR expression increased in dysplastic lesions and "in situ" carcinomas and decreased in invasive carcinomas, even if parts of these tumours were still PR-positive. In bitches no significant variation in PR expression was observed between normal tissue, dysplasias, and benign neoplasms, but was significantly lower in carcinomas. In both species ER and PR expression in invasive carcinomas did not correlate either with histological parameters or overall survival time. This study demonstrates several differences in steroid hormone dependency between the two species. The percentage of PR-positive feline carcinomas suggests a possible role of progesterone in promoting early tumour cell growth in queens. The low percentage of ER-positive invasive carcinomas further demonstrated the aggressive phenotype and behaviour of feline mammary tumours.     

New ways and new hopes for IGR development

Insect Growth Regulators (IGRs) represent advanced, bio-rational insecticides. This Special Issue reflects progress in IGR development that has been enabled by insight into the molecular principles of biosynthetic or hormone signaling pathways. The unifying principle is aiming at processes and molecular targets that are unique to arthropods and ideally to narrower insect taxa representing pests or disease vectors. While some strategies of obtaining the desired compounds for chemical intervention rely on rational, structure-based design or computational power, others exploit technologies allowing automated, high-throughput screening of large chemical libraries. All avenues leading to selective and environmentally safe pest control are valid as we face the imminent threat of the declining world insect population.     

野生甘蓝表皮毛对菜青虫的抗性机理

为明确一种全身覆盖表皮毛的野生甘蓝Brassica incana（编号C01）是否具有抗虫性,通过测定菜青虫Pieris rapae对野生甘蓝C01和无毛甘蓝B. alboglabra（编号C41）的拒食、取食和产卵行为进行抗虫性分析,同时通过测定两者的内源激素含量、表皮毛发育相关基因表达量和防御酶活性探讨野生甘蓝C01对菜青虫的抗性机理。结果显示,生长至8～10叶期,无毛甘蓝C41叶片被菜青虫啃食严重,但野生甘蓝C01叶片未被啃食;菜青虫对无毛甘蓝C41和剪除表皮毛的野生甘蓝C01叶片取食面积差异不显著,但均显著大于对野生甘蓝C01叶片的取食面积;着卵的无毛甘蓝C41植株显著多于野生甘蓝C01。野生甘蓝C01叶片中茉莉酸和茉莉酸甲酯含量都显著高于无毛甘蓝C41叶片,而两者中水杨酸和水杨酸甲酯的含量差异不显著。BolJAZ1基因在无毛甘蓝C41叶片中高表达,而BolGL3和BolGL2基因在野生甘蓝C01叶片中高表达;且野生甘蓝C01叶片中多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶3种防御酶的活性均显著高于无毛甘蓝C41。表明野生甘蓝C01叶片的表皮毛会影响菜粉蝶产卵,对菜青虫表现出显著抗...