补饲热处理大麦对延边黄牛瘤胃内环境的影响

该试验研究了补饲热处理大麦对瘤胃内环境的影响。选择2头健康无病、体重相近、安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的延边黄牛母牛，分别测定pH、原虫数及NH3-N浓度。对照组和试验组不同时间点pH值变化均不显著，两组pH值变化规律大致相同，变化范围在5．81～6．92之间。对照组和试验组不同时间点纤毛虫数量及NH3—N浓度无显著差异，试验组均低于对照组，但在各时间点，各组间差异均不显著。     

甘肃省啤酒大麦产业发展现状及建议

分析了甘肃省发展啤酒大麦产业的优势及存在的问题,并针对性地提出了稳定增加啤酒大麦科技投入;坚持以市场为导向,扶持龙头企业,大力推进产业化经营;完善行业协会职能,加强市场信息网络建设等发展建议.     

啤酒麦糟纤维素酶水解的研究

以经过适当预处理后的啤酒麦糟作原料，采用里氏木霉产生的纤维素酶进行水解．其纤维素的水解反应可描述为：①前６小时内迅速水解；②６～２４小时内较慢水解；③２４小时后缓慢水解．在水解过程中，存在纤维二糖的积累．且以前６小时积累较多，纤维二糖的最高浓度可达７．５２ｇ／Ｌ．水解前期采取分批添料方法，可提高水解得率和底物浓度．并大大提高水解液中还原糖的浓度．     

沱江上游深丘地区不同立地土壤抗蚀性、渗透性及其影响因素

通过对沱江上游深丘地区不同立地土壤抗蚀性、渗透性与其各影响因素进行了研究,分析了土壤物理性状各因素及草本盖度、林分类型、郁闭度单独及综合对土壤抗蚀性、渗透性产生的影响,找出了不同立地条件下影响土壤抗蚀性、渗透性的主导因素,并结合当地情况初步探讨了成因,以期为土壤改良措施的选择提供依据。研究发现:1)该地区人为干扰严重,整体上土壤砂性较重,土壤物理结构较差,不利于保水保肥;2)该区影响土壤抗蚀性和渗透性的主导因素为林分类型和林下植被盖度,其中混交林提高土壤抗蚀性和渗透性,改良土壤的效果最好。     

大小麦附加系的细胞学稳定性观察

对１Ａ，２Ａ，３Ａ，４Ａ，６Ａ及７Ａ等６个大小麦附加系的细胞学稳定性进行了观察。发现经两代繁殖后，其种子根尖细胞染色体有丢失现象。在减数分裂过程中，均观察到单价体、多价体、染色体断片、后期染色体落后、染色体桥及四分体微核等异常现象；经对四分体微核出现频率的统计，表明４Ａ，６Ａ及７Ａ等３个附加系在细胞学上相对较不稳定。     

NaOH预处理对青稞秸秆厌氧发酵特性的影响

为提高青稞秸秆的综合利用率,采用NaOH对青稞秸秆进行预处理,研究不同水平NaOH和预处理时间对青稞秸秆厌氧发酵性能的影响,探讨NaOH在青稞秸秆厌氧发酵中应用的可行性。结果表明,与未经处理的青稞秸秆相比,NaOH预处理可以显著提高青稞秸秆产甲烷性能（P<0.05）,且产气速率快、发酵周期短。其中,5% NaOH处理12 h青稞秸秆的累积甲烷产量高于多数木质纤维素类废弃物,为250.03 mL·g^-1,是优良的发酵原料。NaOH预处理增加了青稞秸秆中纤维素含量（13.37%~39.31%）,并有效降解了木质素（12.89%~64.34%）和半纤维素（0.96%~30.30%）含量。表明NaOH预处理是提高青稞秸秆厌氧发酵产甲烷性能的有效方法。     

Effect of feeding acidified or fermented barley using Limosilactobacillus reuteri with or without supplemental phytase on diet nutrient digestibility in growing pigs

Fermentation of cereal grains may degrade myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis (dihydrogen phosphate) (InsP₆) thereby increasing nutrient digestibility. Effects of chemical acidification or fermentation with Limosilactobacillus (L.) reuteri with or without phytase of high β-glucan hull-less barley grain on apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and gross energy (GE), standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AAs), and standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P were assessed in growing pigs. Pigs were fed four mash barley-based diets balanced for water content: 1) unfermented barley (Control); 2) chemically acidified barley (ACD) with lactic acid and acidic acid (0.019 L/kg barley grain at a ratio of 4:1 [vol/vol]); 3) barley fermented with L. reuteri TMW 1.656 (Fermented without phytase); and 4) barley fermented with L. reuteri TMW 1.656 and phytase (Fermented with phytase; 500 FYT/kg barley grain). The acidification and fermentation treatments occurred for 24 h at 37 °C in a water bath. The four diets were fed to eight ileal-cannulated barrows (initial body weight [BW], 17.4 kg) for four 11-d periods in a double 4 × 4 Latin square. Barley grain InsP₆ content of Control, ACD, Fermented without phytase, or Fermented with phytase was 1.12%, 0.59%, 0.52% dry matter (DM), or not detectable, respectively. Diet ATTD of DM, CP, Ca, and GE, digestible energy (DE), predicted net energy (NE) value, and urinary excretion of P were greater (P < 0.05) for ACD than Control. Diet ATTD of DM, CP, Ca, GE, DE and predicted NE value, urinary excretion of P was greater (P < 0.05), and diet AID of Ca and ATTD and STTD of P tended to be greater (P < 0.10) for Fermented without phytase than Control. Diet ATTD of GE was lower (P < 0.05) and diet ATTD and STTD of P, AID and ATTD of Ca was greater (P < 0.05) for Fermented with phytase than Fermented without phytase. Acidification or fermentation with/without phytase did not affect diet SID of CP and AA. In conclusion, ACD or Fermented without phytase partially degraded InsP₆ in barley grain and increased diet ATTD of DM, CP, and GE, but not SID of CP and most AA in growing pigs. Fermentation with phytase entirely degraded InsP₆ in barley grain and maximized P and Ca digestibility, thereby reducing the need to provide inorganic dietary P to meet P requirements of growing pigs.     

Potential longevity (Ki) of malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain lots relates to their degree of pre-germination assessed through different industrial quality parameters

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain germination is required to perform the malting process. Maintenance of barley seed viability during storage is crucial for the malt industry; and modern cultivars are bred for rapid grain dormancy release after physiological maturity. Low dormancy level combined with rain close to harvest induces pre-germination/pre-harvest sprouting damage. Pre-germination might not affect viability in the short term after harvest, but it could reduce potential longevity (K_i) of a barley seed lot. K_i value is inherent for each barley lot; however, its determination is time-consuming which precludes its assessment at an industrial scale. In this study we sought quantitative relationships between K_i and the pre-germination degree of barley grain lots, assessed through quality tests routinely performed by malthouses [Falling Number (FN), α-Amylase Activity and Carlsberg]. Field pre-germinated lots from one old barley cultivar (Quilmes Palomar) and artificially pre-germinated lots from major varieties currently grown in Argentina were used. Associations between K_i and values obtained from all quality tests analysed were found for Q. Palomar. However, FN was the parameter that yielded the best and simplest explanation of K_i variability. A significant positive linear K_i -FN relationship was also obtained for each modern barley cultivar.     

青稞Hva1基因的表达模式及表达载体的构建

为了解青稞种子胚胎成熟晚期丰富蛋白(LEA)基因Hva1与青稞抗旱性的关系,以抗旱性强的旱地紫青稞和抗旱性弱的大麻青稞为材料,研究了不同浓度PEG胁迫下Hva1基因在两个青稞品种中的表达模式。结果表明,Hva1基因在抗旱性不同的两个青稞品种中的表达均呈单峰模式,且抗旱性强的旱地紫青稞表达峰值和对应的PEG胁迫浓度均高于抗旱性弱的大麻青稞;PEG胁迫浓度大于13.18%时,旱地紫青稞的Hva1基因表达量高于大麻青稞。可见,Hva1基因的表达在青稞的抗旱中起到重要的作用,为此我们成功构建了青稞Hva1基因的过量表达载体,期望为抗逆性基因在青稞中的应用和抗旱新品种的选育奠定基础。